基本句型及练习课件

1、句子成分及五种基本句型by Candy Lee句子成分主语 subject 主语是指表明这句话说的是谁和什么，一般位于句子开头。 主语主要由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的单词，不定式或从句充当。Examples：Davidarrivedlastnight.-He is a student.-Twowillbeenough-Skatingisgoodexercise.-Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork. -名词代词数词Ving不定式谓语（predicate）谓语是指：说明主语的动作或状态的词，一般位于主语之后动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系

2、动词、情态动词和助动词。 Example：He works in a factory（实义动词） I felt cold（系动词表语） How can I get to the station？（情态动词实义动词） Do you speak English？（助动词实义动词） They are working in a field（助动词实义动词)Attention: 在句子中谓语动词要注意时态，语态，以及主谓一致表语predicative表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感表语一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常位于联系动词之后特别说明1.常用的系动词有： 系动词be。 表示“起来”的感官

3、系动词，如sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，smell(闻起来)，feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，appear(显得)等。 表变化的系动词，如become，get，turn，grow，come，go，fall，run等。 表持续的系动词，如remain，keep，stay，lie等。2.作表语的典型词类是形容词，名词、介词短语、不定式短语、从句等也可以作表语。（试卷上有）一.名词作表语: I am a student. 二.代词作表语: Whatsit? 三.形容词作表语: Ifeelmuchbettertoday. 。 四.数词作表语: Shewasthe

4、firsttolearnaboutit. 五.不定式或ing形式作表语: Herjobissellingcomputers. Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready. 六.介词短语作表语: Thepatientisoutofdanger. 七.从句作表语 Thisiswhathesaid. 宾语(object)宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。1.名词作宾语: Showyourpassport,please. 2.代词作宾语 Hedidntsayanything. 3.数词作宾语: Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwa

5、nttwo. 4.不定式或ing形式作宾语: Theaskedtoseemypassport. I enjoyworkingwithyou. 6.从句作宾语: Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? 宾语补足语 (object complement)宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 “宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。 需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。 examplesWe elected him monitor（名词） I fo

6、und it difficult to learn English well（形容词） The doctor told me to do more exercise（不定式短语） He is going to have his hair cut（过去分词） They saw a bird flying in the sky（现在分词） 定语attribute定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、从句等充当。 What a beautiful kite it is！（形容词） She is a chemistry teacher（名词） The man in blue is my bro

7、ther（介词短语）The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister. (从句）状语adverbial 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。修饰一整个句子的状语是表时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、方式等的。 Example： Thank you very much（副词） I get up at five in the morning（介词短语） He is studying hard so as to catch up with

8、others（不定式短语） We were having breakfast when the telephone rang（从句）状语 分析以下句子的成分I saw my friend sitting under the tree.状语谓语宾语补足语宾语定语主语基本句型一：主语 + 系动词+表语典型例句 He is a boy.他是一个男孩。 The weather became warmer.天气变得更暖和了。 The reason for my failure was that I hadnt put my heart into my studies.我失败的原因在于我没有全心全意学习。

9、即时练习请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.这台机器的情况良好。(in good condition)2.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。(smooth)3.他突然病倒了。This machine is in good condition.Silk feels soft and smooth.He has suddenly fallen ill.5.电梯坏了。（out of order/ go wrong)6.未来几天天气将持续寒冷。The lift is out of order/has gone wrong.It will stay/remain cold (for) several days.7.那个男人被

10、证明是个贼。(prove)8.我希望你梦想成真。(come true)The man proved (to be) a thief.I hope your dream will come true.9.那就是他居住的地方。(表语从句)10.她的工作是在幼儿园照看儿童。Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten.That is where he lives.基本句型二：主语+不及物动词典型例句 The machine works smoothly.机器运转顺畅。 They stopped to take a short rest .

11、他们停下来休息。 He is standing by the window.他站在窗户边。特别说明 本句型中，谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词(例1)、不定式(例2)、介词短语(例3)、状语从句等作状语。即时练习请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.太阳在照耀着。2.我们学习很努力。3.他们谈了半个小时。The sun is shining.We study very hard.They talked for half an hour.4.这支笔书写流利。5.2010年4月14日，玉树发生了一场地震。6.五年前我住在北京。The pen writes smoothly.

12、A big earthquake happened in Yushu on Apr. 14，2010.I lived in Beijing five years ago.7.他昨晚很晚回家。8.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.He returned home late last night.基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语典型例句Mary enjoys music.玛丽喜欢音乐。I want to get your help.我想得到您的帮助。I

13、 dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。I dont think hes right.我认为他不对。特别说明及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语)，才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句等。1.常要求接不定式作宾语的动词有attempt，decide，desire，expect，hope，intend，learn，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，would like/love等。2.可以接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有ask，consider，decide，explain，find out，forge

14、t，guess，know，learn，remember，tell，understand，wonder等。3.常要求接动名词作宾语的动词有admit，advise，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，excuse，finish，forbid，imagine，mind，miss，practice，risk，suggest，give up，cant help，look forward to等。4.接to do和doing意义不同的动词或短语有remember，forget，regret，stop，go on等。1）对于remember，forget，regret ，后接to do

15、表示去做，接doing 表示做了For example: remember to do: 记得去做某事remember doing：记得做过某事2) 对于stop，go on等词，后接to do 表示接着做另一件事，接doing 则表示接着做同一件事5.表示“(某物)需要(做某事)”的动词need，want，require等，接doing的主动形式与接to be done意思相同。For example: need to do sth. : 需要做某事 need doing = need to be done : 需要被做（表被动）即时练习请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.她用微笑表示感谢。2.他拒

16、绝帮他们的忙。3.他承认犯了错误。She expressed her thanks with a smile.He refused to help them.He admitted making a mistake/that he had made a mistake.4.我想喝杯茶。5.这课室需要清洁了。6.他不介意受到老师的责备。I would like (to have) a cup of tea.The classroom needs cleaning.He didnt mind being blamed by the teacher.7.医生已决定什么时候给病人做手术。8.永远不要冒

17、险违背自然的法则。The doctor has decided when to operate on the patient.Never risk going against the law of nature.9.当妈妈进来的时候，Tom假装正在阅读。10.我忘记帮你买那本书了。I forget to buy that book for you.Tom pretended to be reading when his mother came in. 基本句型四：主语+及物动+间宾+直宾典型例句 Tom gave me a book.汤姆给了我一本书。 = Tom gave a book to

18、 me. He offered her a job.他给她提供了一份工作。直接宾语间接宾语= He offered a job to her. My mother bought me a skirt.妈妈给我买了条裙子。 My mother made me a dress.我母亲给我做了件衣裳。= My mother bought a skirt for me=My mother made a dress for me. My mother bought a skirt for me.妈妈给我买了条裙子。 My mother made a dress for me.我母亲给我做了件衣裳。一般说

19、来，在give，tell，lend，sell，teach，send，write，show，return，bring，pass，leave，offer，hand等后面表示“给”某人做某事，用to；在buy，choose，get，make，order，sing，do，play，save等后表示“为”某人做某事，用for；在某些动词后只用其中一种形式，不可相互转换。即时练习请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.我为他挑选了一份合适的礼物。(suitable)2.太阳给了我们光和热。I chose a suitable present for him./I chose him a suitable presen

20、t.The sun gives us light and warmth./The sun gives light and warmth to us.3.Mr Smith教我们数学。4.那个老人给我们指路。5.请在本周末把所借的书都还给图书馆Mr Smith teaches us maths.The old man showed us the way.Please return all the books to the library by this weekend.6.为了你，我愿意做一切事情。7.请借我些钱，行吗？8.Mary写了封信给Tom。Mary wrote Tom a letter.

21、/Tom wrote a letter to Tom.Ill do everything for you.Please lend me some money，will you? 基本句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补典型例句 We elected Li Yang our monitor.我们选李阳做我们的班长。 The news made us sad.这新闻使我伤心。 The boss made him work overtime.老板叫他加班。 I heard my name called.我听到有人叫我的名字。即时练习请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.那噪音快要使我发疯了。(drive sb.

22、 crazy)2.我们要使学校变得更美丽。 3.他请我们参加做游戏。The noise is driving me crazy.We must make our school more beautiful.He asked us to join in the game.4.我要你把真相告诉我。 5.明天我要找人来修理机器。(repair)6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。I want you to tell me the truth.I will have the machine repaired tomorrow.We hear him reading English aloud eve

23、ry morning.7.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。(move) 8.我们必须保持身体健康。(in good condition)They felt the car moving fast.We must keep our health in good condition.9.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。(go out) 10.我从来没看见这个字这样用过。We wont have her go out at night.Ive never seen the word used in this way.11.他感到很难跟你交谈。 12.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。I think it more comf

24、ortable to go there by ship.He feels/finds it hard to talk with you.简单句五个基本句型的综合运用见学生用书 P4句型归纳简单句共有以下五种基本句型：句型例句主语+系动词+表语The child seems healthy.主语+不及物动词We study hard.主语+及物动词+宾语Tom loves sports.主语+及物动词+间接宾语直接宾语My father bought me a bike.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语He painted the wall white.即时练习根据下列提示与要求用英语写一篇短文

25、。 写作内容请根据以下提示内容，介绍你班班长。 1.李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。2.他能够用英语流利地表达。 3.因为这些原因，我们选他做我们班的班长。 4.去年，他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼物。 5.现在，我们成为好朋友,这个暑假我将和他去旅游。 写作要求1.用5句话完成所有要点。 2.尽可能多使用简单句的五个基本句型。 Li Ming is an excellent student in our class. Besides, he can express himself in English fluently. For these reasons, we chose/elect

26、ed him as the monitor of our class. Last year, he gave me a nice gift on my birthday. Now we become good friends, and this summer he and I will go travelling together.There be 结构见学生用书 P7典型例句 There are still many things for us to do.我们还有很多的事情要做。 There are many students holding an opposite view.有很多学生持

27、相反意见。 There are trees planted by students all over the mountain.满山都是学生们种的树。 There are many people who dont agree.有很多人不同意。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有场会议。 There used to be a well in the village.村里过去有一口井。 There must be some job I could do.一定会有我可以做的某种工作。 There is likely to be a serious mistake in the decision.这个决定里很有可能存在着严重的错误。 There happens to be a classmate of mine in this school.碰巧在这个学校中有我一个同学。(1