雅思基础写作四课件

1、大作文与小作文差别The most important difference-creativity小作文：排斥任何形式的创造分析、归纳、对比、综合能力对于语法的宽松态度用词、句型的固定与可预测性大作文：创造与表达用词、句型的灵活性对于语法的严格态度注意逻辑、文章结构、防止跑题大作文准备Time distribution How to prepare: 1 knowledge background and vocabulary（ten principles） 2 the fundamentals: grammar ，sentence pattern and memorization of sam

2、ple essays（4、5、6）高分因素5分：是否过250字，是否切题与重大表达语法错误6分：句型复杂程度，错误数量7分：词汇的复杂和精细程度，句型的多样程度。注意以上后面的要求同时包含前面的要求，也就是说，如果你的字数不到250，即使句型不错，一般很难得到7分，除非写出了9分的句型和词汇，A类同学不要吝啬字数。大作文写作练习方法基本功练习：1 paraphrasing 多种表达方式：句子与用词的练习 A对B很重要（不是直译而是意思的表达）练习要点：练习时不要拘泥与字面意思（形合），要更加注重意合 练习：A对B不重要练习答案A is not important to bA is of tri

3、vial importance to BA means nothing to BA plays an (a) Inconsequential / insignificant / piddling /unconsidered / unimportant / trivial / trifling part in BB will not be affected without AThe importance of A to B could certainly be ignored / denied.基本功练习方法2. 扩充句子：extension用不同的语法结构来扩充，如同位语，定语，状语，插入语，

4、从句等等，不要重复同一语法结构i like dogs -i like small pet dogs -i like small pet dogs especially when I am alone - i like small pet dogs especially when I am alone, because they can give me a warm feeling -i like small pet dogs especially when I am alone, because they can give me a warm feeling that someone is t

5、here for meExtension - Two years ago, when my girlfriend left me, i began to like small pet dogs especially when I was alone, because they could give me a warm feeling that someone will always be there for me, never hurt me ,care for me and stay with me for all my life .练习：education is important基本功练

6、习方法3 .句式变化：内容不变的前提下，结构的变化主语的变化，主被动变化，长短句变化。主动1 The police arrested the thief.2 He gave me a present. 3 The headmaster has punished the boy. 4 Workmen are building a new road outside my house. 5 The news agent delivers our papers every morning. 6 The postman delivered a letter this morning. 7 Prisone

7、rs of war built this bridge in 1942. 被动the thief was arrested by the police a present was given to me by himthe boy has been punished by the headmaster a new road is being built by the workmen outside my house our papers are delivered by the news agent every morning a letter was delivered by the pos

8、tman this morning this bridge was built by the prisoners of war in 1942 双宾语问题She is making Tom a new coat Tom is being made a new coat A new coat is being made for Tom 英语表达的特别注意1. 英语汉语的逻辑区别英语的“althoughbut” 结构和汉语的“虽然但是”结构。逻辑性：英语逻辑和汉语逻辑的不同-中间环节的省略虽然我是个女孩子，但是我有远大的理想Although I am a girl , I have ambitio

9、us dreams.I am a girl , but I have ambitious dreams.虽然我是个女孩子，但是我爱体育虽然我是个女孩子，但是我想当别人的丈夫汉语逻辑的可怕之处见图例一：饭吃了吗你？Food eat you?猪喂了吗你？pig feed you?have you fed the pig / are the pigs fed / did you feed the pig?例二：小芳的辫子比小红长The bianzi of xiaofang is longer than xiaohong造句：厦门的天气比北京好。逻辑英语：法治语言例三：小强，妈妈老了，你该找个女孩照顾

10、你自己。xiaoqiang, you should find a girl to look after yourself.xiaoqiang, you should find a girl to look after you.表达2。 英汉表达方式区别：谈恋爱、求婚：WILL YOU MARRY ME?男追女：翠花，愿意让我照顾你一辈子吗？ Cui Hua , would you like me to take care of you for all your life?女追男：彪哥，瞧你冻得，我给你织了条围巾，愿意让它一直陪着你吗？Biao ge, oh no , you are freez

11、ing cold, here, I made a scarf for you, would you like to keep it for all your life?表达汉语：曲折型表达英语：直线型表达雅思写作考点：clearly标准是排斥曲折型表达的练习：回答问题：小鸟经常换巢穴，为什么大鸟不？因为：大鸟太大 because the big bird is too big ,so it is not easy for him to change its nest. 为什么回来晚了 why are you late?因为下大雨了 because its raining cats and do

12、gs!文化背景3.英汉语语言文化区别：fun 福propaganda：宣传？as stupid as a pig? donkey?as hardworking as a cow? bull? horse? ox?思维定式的区别 4. 思维定式的区别 “every coin has two sides” 中国学生百用不爽的“every coin has two sides”，这一点不可怕，可怕的是马上加上一句 “including positive side and negative side”。老外眼中的两面中国人眼中的两面Task 2 scoring1 AIE: arguments, ide

13、as and evidences 点、据、证2 CQ: communicative quality 交流质量3 VSS: vocabulary and sentence structure 词汇和句子结构AIEArguments, Ideas and Evidence (AIE) refers to whether a point of view is clearly expressed developed and supported. A good candidate will be able to assess opposing points of view as well as supp

14、ort his/her argument with suitable evidence. The examiner will check the accuracy, appropriacy and relevance of the information included in the answer.CQCommunicative Quality (CQ is very similar to Coherence and Cohesion in Task 1 and refers to- how easily and how well the message of the essay can b

15、e understood by the reader. The examiner will check to see that the essay communicates clearly, has a suitable layout and has a logical ordering of points. Using correct connectives to link points will aid Communicative Quality.VSSVocabulary and Sentence Structure (VSS) refers to the range, appropri

16、ateness, and accuracy of vocabulary, spelling, tense, and sentence structure. The examiner assesses the ability of the candidate to use a variety of tenses correctly, handle a range of vocabulary appropriately, spell words correctly, and use vocabulary and grammar to express points.三（四）个评分标准详解对于Idea

17、s（论点）而言，应该注意的是不要出现跑题。词汇量有限，导致题目中的单词不认识，从而写作的时候写离题了。Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. Do you agree or disagree? 应对技巧：雅思的命题模式：情景命题Evidence（论据）的问题对于

18、Evidence（论据）来说，关键要合理，并且能够证明论点例一：题目 Wild animals have no place in the 21st century and trying to protect these animals is a waste of resources. Do you agree or disagree?考生作文We can hardly imagine what our life will be like without wild animals. For example, if there is no cat, there will be more mice.

19、 The increase in the number of mice will result in the reduction of food resources and the spread of diseases. Thus, it is very important to protect animals.Both are animals 例二题目：The university should not provide so much theoretical knowledge but give students more practical training. Do you agree o

20、r disagree with this statement?考生作文In my opinion, I agree with this statement because of the following reasons.First , practical training is more important than theoretical knowledge for students. For instance, the most famous example of the importance of practical knowledge is from Chinese history,

21、 the general ZHAOKOU can only discuss the war on a paper, thats why he lost the battle with the enemy and he also lost his own life. second注意 ZHAO KUO be an armchair strategist engage in idle theorizing中国古代的例子（小心！）VSS议论文在Vocabulary and Sentence Structure方面与Task 1的要求相同。大作文注意事项权重三分之二专业性的话题与专业性词汇(前面所说的

22、9分的句子与词汇？)Alliteration： “on scrolls of silver snowy sentences” (Hart Crane)“在写满银色雪般句子的卷轴上”(哈特克兰)Rhyme： if we look at a bigger picture and take the process of industrialization and modernization into consideration.Metaphor : “All the worlds a stage “整个世界就是一台戏”（注意避免太过戏剧化的表述）注意事项简单句与复杂句，（复杂句越多越好？）6-8最偏

23、重的部分：语法与句子结构（立意？）词汇的检查替换（铅笔-擦掉）18-25句话（no academic writing）评分的主观性(单亲家庭对于子女的教育)是否要写标题?审题猴子原则：庄子，齐物论 Zhuangzi Equality of All Substances 朝三暮四Chestnuts要啥给啥，决不多给，绝不少给题目单词不认识有关词:情景命题与推断With the development of modern science and technology the traditional culture is being lost. Some people think that tech

24、nology and culture are incompatible , you can not have both together. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?无关词 书信题：you are required to join an Orientation session, but you dont have enough time. Write a letter to explain that.常见错误提醒不一致(disagreements)例1. when one have money ,he c

25、an do what he want to .(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么.) once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers)i believe i can do it well and i better will know the world outside the campus.指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.主要的essay类型Discussion & report ：分析某问题原因、提出相应的对策办法 。 Analyze the possible