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1、关于独立主格结构和复合结构复习第一张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月一独立主格结构1.概念: 充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、原因 条件、方式或伴随情况等。2.结构: 名词/代词 + 非谓语(doing & to do & done) 形容词&副词 介词短语 。形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句非谓语动词逻辑主语Taking your age into consideration,Youd better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration,youd better not go hiking. (逻主you)(逻主your age)
2、(逻辑主语与整句的主语相同)第二张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月() 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing) 当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主 语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也 可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1._, they left the meeting room.(问题解决了)(settle) 2._ ,well go there on foot. (时间允许的话)(permit) (cross)3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下) _This problem
3、 settledTime permittinghis hands crossed under his head.l第三张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月()名词/代词 + (being) 形容词_,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通红) _(red)()名词代词(being) 副词 He put on his socks,_. (反的一面在外面)(out)His mother (being) illhis nose red with cold.wrong side
4、out第四张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月()名词代词不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed.2._ (最后一个人的到来),our party started.(arrive) The last guest to arrive第五张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月()名词代词介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Our te
5、acher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本书)2._ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜)book in handFlag on shoulder第六张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月()有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组,省去的分词一般是being 或having been,这是为了简练。但在“being+过去分词”或“there being过去分词”结构中,being不可省。1._, he went to school.(早餐结束后)
6、(over)2._, we cant go there. (房间正在被油漆) Breakfast (being) overThe room being painted now第七张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月二With和without复合结构with和without复合结构是:with/without名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。第八张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月()with/without名词代词现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。 I couldnt finish my work with those childre
7、n _. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around () with/without 名词代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix 第九张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月() with/without名词代词不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 W
8、ith a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled ()with/without名词代词形容词。 She sleeps with the window open.第十张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月() with/without+名词代词副词。 _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excelle
9、nt year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through() with/without+名词代词介词短语。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus. 第十一张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月三with和without复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化() with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时,一般可相互转换;此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。()作时间状语 With winter coming on,
10、 the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. 第十二张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月()作原因状语 With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not ent
11、er the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.第十三张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月(3)作条件状语 With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits, well visit the Summer Palace.第十四张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月(4)作伴随状语 Here are t
12、he first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month. 第十五张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月() with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。 Soon
13、she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.第十六张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月1._ ten minutes _ before the last train left, we arrived at the station. A. There were; to go B. With; to go C. I was; left D. It
14、 had; left2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work. A. Until B. As C. With D. Because巩固练习第十七张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月4.It was a pity tha
15、t the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands7.
16、The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled 第十八张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月 8._,the work can be done much better. A. Given more time B. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had give
17、n 9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It being D. Having beenWell done!第十九张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点,做起题
18、来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后,做题时可分四步分析。第二十张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. ToldC. He was told D. Though he told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll
19、 find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. TurnedCAACC第二十一张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . A. T
20、here being B. It were C. There were D. It being2. _Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home . AD第二十二张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See3. The dir
21、ty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed ABCD第二十三张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月四、分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be
22、 a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. builtCBD第二十四张,PPT共二十八页,创作于2022年6月看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合1.He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选 A,认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语,而是一个过去分词。当然,假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were,则是一个非限制性定语从句,答案便应选A 第二十五张,PP
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