2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破七：阅读理解专题之词句猜测题含答案

1、专题7阅读理解专题之词句猜测题命题特A:【设问形式】 Which of the following can replace the underlined word. in paragraph. The underlined word . ” means?”.”stands for? The word . ” refers to? What do you think the expression【考查方式】在高中英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型。这一题型重点考查了学生的猜测能力和判断能 力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。答题思路:.词义猜测题主要指猜测单词或词义，常

2、用方法：1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。 2）根据同位关系进行猜测。3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测。4）根据同义词、反义词猜测。 5）根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。.代词指代题：在解决代词指代类题目时首先要宏观把握，充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义;然后，微观入手，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。.句意猜测题：解答句意猜测题时要仔细阅读文章，对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对 划线句子做出合理的推理和判断。实战演练【例题】1.词义猜测：2016全国I CI am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem c

3、ourier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have beenabroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells （干名田胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor（ 捐献者）to the time they can be implanted in

4、the patient, we ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at

5、Providence, the lady on the desk said: Well, I m really sorry, I ve got some bthnereears foxo yghts from Washington. So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: In this box are some stem cells th;urgently needed for a patient- please, please, you ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.

6、She justeverything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re-routed（ 改道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you re consciously aware than that box you re got something that is potentiallysave somebody s life.

7、Which of the following can replace the underlined word“ courier in Paragraph17A providerB delivery manC collectorD medical doctor.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?He cannot stay away from his job too long.The donor can only wait for that long.The operation needs that very much

8、. D. The ice wont last any longer.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London B. To Newark C. To Providence D. To Washington【答案】29.B 30. D 31.B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了 人们之间的友爱。9.B 词义猜测题。根据本段内容I ve done 89 trips I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box

9、 以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是 delivery man。故选B。.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I vpacks and that s how long they器稣盒只能保持 42消失适宜的温度。故选D。. B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed methrough Newark可知，这位好心的女式首先安排作者去New

10、ark的航班。故选B。2.代词指代：2016全国n CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to readand then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and

11、 would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, say

12、s,“ The two things that change your life arepeople you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both. ”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also

13、leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a

14、 trend among people who want to get back to the” re虚拟）.and not the virtuThe site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?To explain what they are.To introduce BookCrossing.To stress the import

15、ance of reading.To encourage readers to share their ideas.What does the underlined wordit in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C.A public place.D. The identification number.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.C. Pass it on to anot

16、her reader.32. What is the best title for the text?Online Reading: A Virtual TourKeep it safe in his bookcase.D. Mail it back to its owner.B. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through Books【答案】29. B30. A 31. C 32. DBookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过【解析】

17、试题分析：本文属于说明文，介绍了 程。9.B目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BookC,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BookC.A 代词指代题。根据本句”. hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with eachnew reader who finds it可知，“那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中 的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book。

18、”故A正确。.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句.the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book togather dust on a shelf at home 可知，IE书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站 BookC的目 的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。.D标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookC把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。3.句意猜测题：2017全国II DWhen a leafy plant is under

19、attack, it doesn sit quietly. Batck in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and IanBaldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the

20、plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It s a planout. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump

21、out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that

22、these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don t know. Maybe the first plant just

23、 made a crpain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “ overhear the information was exchanged, but it wasn t a true, intentional back andforth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noi

24、sier and more intimate（ 亲密的） than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There as whole lot going on.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.What does the author mean by “ the

25、ables are turned “in paragraph 3?The attackers get attacked.The insects gather under the table.The plants get ready to fight back.The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to on

26、e another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?The world is changing faster than ever.People have stronger senses than beforeThe world is more complex than it seemsPeople in Darwin s time were imaginative.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VO

27、Cs以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。32.D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据 reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。33.A 【解析】词义推测题。根据 Once they a

28、rrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch，”一旦它们到达这里，这些攻击者就会受到植物的攻击，故选A。34.B【解析】细节理解题，根据 a Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when beingattacked 及 Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.可知答案选 B。”，s a whole愀,going “oh界远比我彳

29、门看至u或35.C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate（亲密的）than the worldwe can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选Co【举一反三】ASome of the world s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New OrSeto celebrate the first

30、annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO（ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（ 联合）voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz

31、 audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It s Jason Moran s job to help dhaibgAs the Kennedy Center sadVster for jazz, Moran hopes towiden the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Ja

32、zz seems like it s not really a part of the American appetite, Moran tells National Public Ra（Neal Conan. Whatl moping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It s actually color, and it s actually digital.Moran say

33、s one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same, says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arra

34、nged Fat s Waller s music for a dance party,“just to kind of pit back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music, says Moran. Fome, it the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion（ 情感）lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight（感悟）on how talk about ourselves a

35、nd how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue aboutour emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context, sayswant to contin ue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International J

36、azz Day?To remember the birth of jazz.To protect cultural diversity.To encourage people to study music.To recognize the value of jazz.What does the underlined wordthat in paragraph 3 refer to?Jazz becoming more accessible.The production of jazz growing faster.Jazz being less popular with the young.T

37、he jazz audience becoming larger.What can we infer about Mo ran s opinion on jazz?It will disappear gradually.It remains black and white.It should keep up with the times.It changes every 50 years.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?Exploring the Future of JazzThe Rise and Fall

38、of JazzThe Story of a Jazz MusicianCelebrating the Jazz Day【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO 4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该 不断进步。D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO（United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）recently set April 30 as a day to raise awarene

39、ss of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（ 联合） voice across cultures.可知UNESCO巴4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要 性及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。C 推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrinkand grow older, and the music

40、has failed to connect with younger generations可知尽管 UNESCO/爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It sJason Moran s job to helpange that（是Jason Moran的工作是帮助改变那一情况）可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选CoC 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music can t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has t

41、ocontinue to move, because the way the world works is not the same 可知 Moran 认为现在爵士乐不能以1908 或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。A 标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索 爵士乐的未来，故选A。BThere is an old Chinese proverb t

42、hat states“ One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique charact

43、eristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy （ 等级）of responsibilities and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, said,“ I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn t consider her my bBest

44、friends don t pay for your wedding. Best friends don t remind you how they carried you in their body aigave you life! Best friend: don t tell you how wise they are becausbeteieyihavet least 20 years longerthan you. This doesn t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can t be very close and s

45、atisWhile some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemak

46、ers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse

47、, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren t speaking. The mother and chrelationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible fortheir mother s emotiona-beeng. It isn t that they don t

48、care deeply about their mothers. It s jushouldn t be burdened with their mother -being. s wellThe mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling

49、responsible for their happiness. Mothers alwaysmrmG （ friends.What does the underlined word“ preclude in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Differ.B. Prevent.C. Benefit.D. Change.What do we know from the text?The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.A mother s love brings her

50、and her daughter a close friendship.The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best frien ds friendship.Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.How does the author mainly prove his statements?A. By listing data.B. By giving explanations.C. By quoting sayings.D. By making comparisons

51、.What is the best title for the text?How to Be a Good Mother and Daughter?Who Is a Mother s Best Friend?Mothers or Friends?Can a Mother Be a Daughter s Best Friend?【答案】5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，母女之间虽然有许多共同之处，她们的关系也可以很亲密，但不 会成为最好的朋友，因为母女关系不同于朋友关系，它独具特点。友谊可以不再，但母女关系，无论好坏， 都会永存下去。5.词义猜测题。根据文

52、章第段However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics thatdistinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the hierarchy（等级）and unconditional love , whichpreclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.可知，母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不 同程度的责任、义务以及无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友。

53、后一句是对前一句的解释，说明为何 母女关系不同于朋友关系。由此可知，画线词“preclude意为妨碍。故选B。6推理判断题。根据文章最后一段.a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.可知，母女之情是不可替 代的，故 A 项错误；根据第段最后两句However, the mother and daughter relationship has uniquecharacteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the h

54、ierarchy（等级）and unconditional love , which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends. 可知， 由于母女关系的特性 中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务和无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友，故B项错误；根据第二段第一句中 I love spending time with my mom 可知，D项错误；根据第四段第一句 Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends , but for better or wor

55、se, the mother and daughter relationship ispermanent.可知，友谊关系可以不再，但母女关系会永远存在下去，即母女关系超越了友谊。故选C。7推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊。第二段 引用Marina的观点说明这种不同性；第三至五段分别从母女关系中的共性因素、不同责任因素、母爱因素 阐明了引起这种不同性的原因。故可以推断出作者主要证明他的陈述是通过解释说明。故选B。8 主旨大意题。 根据文章第段 The relationship between a mother and daughter is s

56、ometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship.及全文可知，本文属于议论文， 第一段是中心段， 提出了作者的观 点，即母女关系不同于友谊关系。其余各段分别从不同角度论证了这个观点。故选DoCSalvador Dali （1904-1989） was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artis

57、t and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938, works on p

58、aper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the v