机电-体化专业英语Unit 6

1、Engineering DrawingsPart I Technical and Practical Reading Passage A Technical Drawing (I) Technical drawing, also known as drafting, is the academic discipline of creating standardized technical drawings by architects, interior designers, drafters, design engineers, and related professionals. Stand

2、ards and conventions for layout, line thickness, text size, symbols, view projections, descriptive geometry, dimensioning, and notation are used to create drawings that are ideally interpreted in only one way. A technical drawing differs from a common drawing by how it is interpreted. A common drawi

3、ng can hold many purposes and meanings, while a technical drawing is intended to concisely and clearly communicate all needed specifications to transform an idea into physical form A person who does drafting is known as a drafter. In some areas this person may be referred to as a drafting technician

4、, draftsperson, or draughts person. This person creates technical drawings which are a form of specialized graphic communication Engineering drawing Engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, created within the engineering discipline, and used to fully and clearly define requirements for en

5、gineered items. Its purpose is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component. Types of Technical Drawings Engine

6、ering drawings are usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance (such as typefaces and line styles), size, etc.Cutaway drawings A cutaway drawing is a technical illustration, in which surface elements a three-dimensional model are s

7、electively removed, to make internal features visible, but without sacrificing the outer context entirely The purpose of a cutaway drawing is to allow the viewer to have a look into an otherwise solid opaque object. Instead of letting the inner object shine through the surrounding surface, parts of

8、outside object are simply removed. This produces a visual appearance as if someone had cutout a piece of the object or sliced it into parts. Cutaway illustrations avoid ambiguities with respect to spatial ordering, provide a sharp contrast between foreground and background objects, and facilitate a

9、good understanding of spatial ordering. Exploded view drawing An exploded view drawing is a technical drawing of an object that shows the relationship or order of assembly of the various parts. It shows the components of an object slightly separated by distance, or suspended in surrounding space int

10、he case of a three-dimensional exploded diagram. An object is represented as if there had been a small controlled explosion emanating from the middle of the object, causing the objects parts to be separated an equal distance away from their original locations An exploded view drawing can show the in

11、tended assembly of mechanical or other parts. In mechanical systems usually the component closest to the center is assembled first, or is the main part in which the other parts get assembled. This drawing can also help to represent disassembly of parts, where the parts on the outside normally get re

12、moved first Patent drawing A patent drawing is a technical drawing of a patent invention, which shows the nature of the invention. The drawing must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims, and is required by the patent office rules to be in a particular form. The applicant for a

13、patent will be required by law to furnish a drawing of the invention whenever the nature of the case requires a drawing to understand the invention. This drawing must be filed with the application. This includes practically all inventions except compositions of matter or processes, but a drawing may

14、 also be useful in the case of many processes. Notes 1、Technical drawing, also known as drafting, is the academic discipline of creating standardized technical drawings by architects, interior designers, drafters, design engineers, and related professionals. “also known as drafting”为定语从句。而“architect

15、s, interior designers and related professionals”是并列结构。全句可译为：工程图，又称草图，是由建筑师、室内设计师、草图设计员、设计工程师以及相关专业人士创建的标准学科。2、The applicant for a patent will be required by law to furnish a drawing of the invention whenever the nature of the case requires a drawing to understand the invention. 由whenever引导出时间状语从句。本句

16、可译为：法律规定，专利申请人在专利审理中需提交图纸以供核查。 1. In some fields, a person who does drafting is regarded as a draftsperson.2. The purpose of drawings is to exactly seize all the geometric features of a product.3. A cutaway drawing will allow the viewer to pay attention to a solid opaque object.4. An exploded view d

17、rawing shows the relationship between parts and designers.5. A patent drawing is in fact to show the nature of the invention.EXERCISE 1 Mark the following statements with T (True) or F (False) according to the passage. (T)(T)(F)(F)(F)1. view projection_ 2._ 机械制图3. cutaway drawing_ 4. _ 画法几何5. patent

18、 drawing _ 6. _ 三维模型7. exploded view drawing _ 8._ 视觉外观 EXERCISE 2Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English. 视图投影engineering drawing剖视图descriptive geometry专利图three-dimensional model分解图visual appearancePassage B Technical Drawing (II) The drawing must show every feature of the invention

19、 specified in the claims, and is required by the patent office rules to be in a particular form. The Office specifies the size of the sheet on which the drawing is made, the type of paper, the margins, and other details relating to the making of the drawing. Technical illustration is the use of illu

20、stration to visually communicate information of a technical nature. Technical illustrations can be component technical drawings or diagrams. The aim of technical illustration is to generate expressive images that effectively convey certain information via the visual channel to the human observer. Te

21、chnical illustrations The main purpose of technical illustration is to describe or explain these items to a more or less non-technical audience. The visual image should be accurate in terms of dimensions and proportions, and should provide an overall impression of what an object is or does, to enhan

22、ce the viewers interest and understanding. Technical sketches A sketch is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work. In general, a sketch is a quick way to record an idea for later use. Architects sketches primarily serve as a way to try out different ideas and esta

23、blish a composition before undertaking a more finished work, especially when the finished work is expensive and time consuming. Architectural sketches, for example, are a kind of diagrams. These sketches, like metaphors, are used by architects as a mean of communication in aiding design collaboratio

24、n. Basic drafting paper sizes Drawingtype nameDimensions(width X height)Drawingtype nameDimensions(width X height)A-size8.5 by 11.0 inches22cm by 28cmB-size11.0 by 17.0 inches28cm by 43cmC-size17.0 by 22.0 inches43cm by 56cmD-size22.0 by 34.0 inches56cm by 86cmE-size34.0 by 44.0 inches86cm by 112cmF

25、-size44.0 by 68.0 inches112cm by 173cmG-size68.0 by 88.0 inches173cm by 224cmH-size88.0 by 136 inches224cm by 345cm As can be seen in the series, the height of the previous drawing size becomes double the height of the next size in the sequence.Manual drafting The basic drafting procedure is to plac

26、e a piece of paper on a smooth surface with right-angle corners and straight sidestypically a drafting table. A sliding straightedge known as a T-square is then placed on one of the sides, allowing it to be slid across the side of the table, and over the surface of the paper. Parallel lines can be d

27、rawn simply by moving the T-square and running a pencil or technical pen along the T-squares edge, but more typically the T-square is used as a tool to hold other devices such as set squares or triangles. Modern drafting tables (which have by now largely been replaced by CAD workstations) come equip

28、ped with a parallel rule that is supported on both sides of the table to slide over a large piece of paper. In addition, the drafter uses several tools to draw curves and circles. Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing simple arcs and circles, and the: French curve, typically a piec

29、e of plastic with complex curves on it. A spline is a rubber coated articulated metal that can be manually bent to most curves. Computer Aided Design Today, the mechanics of the drafting task have largely been automated and accelerated through the use of Computer Aided Design systems (CAD). Computer

30、-aided design is the use of computer technology to aid in the design and particularly the drafting of a part or product, including entire buildings. Drafting can be done in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). Drafting is the integral communication of technical or engineering drawings and

31、is the industrial arts sub-discipline that underlies all involved technical endeavors. In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been represented by three projected views at right angles. EXERCISE 3 Choose the best operation orde

32、rs according to the information given. Quick Tool ChangeA. Step One B. Step Two C. Step Three D. Step Four ABCD1. ME Mechanical Engineer _2. FWB Flexible Wheel Base _3. M.O. Master Oscillator _4. M.S. Machinery Steel _ 5. MS Margin of Safety _ 6. MU Measurement Unit _ 7. NA Neutral Axis _8. OS Opera

33、ting System _ EXERCISE 4Abbreviations are very useful in practical work. Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms. 机械工程师可变轴距主控振荡器结构钢安全系数测量设备中性轴操作系统Part II Glance at Conventional Machine Tool Structures The following is the Vice Jaw Structures。 Explanations of the Drawing In

34、strument Terms No.NameExplanation1A Comfort Compass 圆规2French Curves曲线板3A Drawing Board绘图板4Adjustable Set Square可调式三角板斜角规5A Drawing Ink绘图墨水6A Template样板7A Fineliner绘图签字笔8A Technical Pen专业碳素笔EXERCISE 5The following is the Vice Jaw. After reading them, you are required to choose the suitable words or

35、phrases given below. An Automatic Pencil Highlighter An Ink Pen A Rapid Eraser A Blue Graphite Pen A Red Graphite Pencil A Comfort Compass A Blue Graphite Pen Highlighter An Ink Pencil A Comfort Compass An Automatic Pen A Red Graphite Pencil A Rapid Eraser Part III Simulated WritingSection A Match Y

36、our SkillThe following is the Lathe Accessories, and you can understand the name of Inner Dial Caliper Gauge. Explanations of the Toll BitsNo.NameExplanation1Collet Chuck Adaptor筒夹接头2Spring Collet弹簧夹头3Nosepiece喷嘴4Collet Chuck筒夹5None-pull out Button按钮6Collet夹头7Indexable End-mill可转位铣头EXERCISE 6Complet

37、e the information by translating the part given in Chinese. CNC rotary indexing table -Hardinge Work-holding Hardinge manufactures a family of rotary products to increase your productivity. 5C, 16C and 3J Rotary Indexing Table Systems Direct-Drive A2-4 5C High-Speed Rotary System Direct-Drive A2-5 1

38、6C High-Torque Rotary System Collets, Expanding Collets, Step Chucks, Chucks and Face Plates Trunnion Products All digital Servo Control Tailstocks Collet Closer Options Section B Have a TryThis section will help you to understand several forms of machining, and you can see the simple way a small pa

39、rt is produced. Internal Operations Drilling - An operation in which a drill enters the workpiece axially and cuts a hole with a diameter equal to that of the tool. On a milling machine, an end milling operation is required to produce a hole with a tool smaller than the hole diameter. A drilling ope

40、ration typically produces a blind hole, which extends tosome depth inside the work-piece, measured to the point made by the tool or to the end of the full diameter portion. On a milling machine, a hole that extends completely through the work-piece (through hole) can also be drilled.EXERCISE 7This s

41、ection is to test your ability to Identifying following features of different operations. Through hole Drilling (Turning machine) Blind hole Drilling (Milling machine) Drilling (Turning machine) Drilling (Milling machine) Blind hole Through hole Part IV Broaden Your Horizon - Practical Activity Asse

42、mbly of Collet Loading your tools properly in the collets and tool holders is a critical step in setting up the machine and should be done carefully to reduce the risk of breaking a tool and/or getting injured. 1. Begin by choosing a collet matching the diameter of your tool such that the shank of the tool easily slides into the hole. 2. The collet and nut need to be assembled before mounting to the tool holder. 3. You will see that there is a small groove on the thicker end of the collet. This groove must