2021-2022学年北京市一七一中学高三压轴卷英语试卷含答案

1、2021-2022高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角条形码粘贴处。2作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡

2、一并交回。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1Although the situation was tough during the economic crisis now things are beginning to _.Alook upBkeep upCset upDbuild up2The steamboat was fully furnished with life preservers. The passengers might be saved _ accidents.Ain spite ofBinstead ofCin case ofDin place of3

3、_ a bike, she cycled home.ABoughtBTo buyCBeing boughtDHaving bought4Despite the knowledge he has accumulated, He Jiang continues to be troubled by the question of the unequal_ of scientific knowledge throughout the world.Aadvocate BdistributionCallocation Ddivision5He doesnt spend any more money on

4、clothing than I do,but_he manages to look so stylish.AthereforeBsomehowCfurthermoreDotherwise6 How did you like Johns exhibition of paintings last weekend? To tell you the truth, his paintings didnt _ me much.A. refer toBappeal toCbelong toDoccur to7Nine in ten parents said there were significant di

5、fferences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents.Athose Bone Cthat Dit8Some people create jobs, foster excitement and basically make the system work. They see possibilities _ others see only problems.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere9We strongly advise you _ eating your

6、meal so late. Its not healthy.AonBagainstCfromDover10Daniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.Aare enjoyingBare to enjoyCwill enjoyDwill be enjoying11They felt _ it was high tax and low income _ contributed to the extreme misery of the working people at the bottom of the ladde

7、r.A/；thatBthat; whichCthat; whatD/; which12It is going to rain today. Take an umbrella with you to _ you from the rain.AstopBpreventCkeepDprotect13The influence of this book might not have been reaching so far, _for Mr. William, who dared to publish it.A. if had it not beenB is it not beingC had it

8、not been D. its only having been14Along with the email was my brothers promise _ I came first in the competition, he would buy me an MP4.AwhatBthatCthat ifDwhether15All the photographs in this book, stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.AunlessBuntilConceDif16Maybe there is some business aspect to t

9、he Royal Wedding of William and Kate Middleton but _ what people are interested in, its a hugely popular event around the world.Ain spite ofBin honor ofCin terms ofDin case of17As I opened my eyes, in _ direction I looked, I could see smiling, peaceful, calm and content faces.AwhateverBhoweverCwhich

10、everDwherever18-Cant you stay a little longer? I really want to talk more with you. -Me, too. _ I have to get home before 10 at night.AButBSinceCAndDFor19Many questions have been answered by John. He must have previewed the lessons last night, _ he?AneedntBhasntCdidntDmustnt20Dont let the child who

11、is _ go to schoolAso young as toBnot old enough toCnot old enoughDtoo young to第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）Overview of the recommended travel guidesAmsterdam Destination GuideAmsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful can

12、als, top art museum, cycling culture. Most visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre，which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers ，and coffee shops. The top museums to visit are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.Copenhagen Destination Guide

13、Like Amsterdam, Copenhagen is one of the worlds best cycling cities. To see the city with ease, rent a bike or take a small group tour to see the sights, including the Little Mermaid, the island Amager, and the community of Christiania. You can also take a canal boat tour to see the city from a uniq

14、ue perspective. There are some excellent museums to explore.Bangkok Destination GuideTravel in Bangkok is often described as a whirlwind(旋风)Its hot, crowded and full of unusual and exciting energy. This popular tourism destination is a city of extremes with grand temples, floating markets, romantic

15、rooftop restaurants, and a wide range of accommodations to suit every budget.Bangkok is sometimes referred to as the “Venice of the East” because of is network of canals, so take a boat tour to scee sights like the Khmer wats and the riverside dwellings.Azores Destination GuideThe Azores is a charmi

16、ng region of Portugal thats made up of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. Compared to many island destinations, the Azores arent touristy, noisy, or polluted. Instead, travelers can expect to discover untouched nature, and charming villages with rich cultural traditions. Nature lover

17、s will be thrilled to discover all of the outdoor shot trips available to them in the Azores.1、Which of the following can visitors enjoy more natural beauty?AAmsterdam.BAzores.CBangkok.DCopenhagen.2、What do you know about Bangkok?AIt has pleasant weather.BIts buildings are similar to Venice.CEvery v

18、isitor can find proper hotels.DVisitors can see sights only by boat.3、What do the four destinations have in common?AThey have cycling culture.BThey are very noisy places.CThey have many famous museums.DThey have convenient water transport.22（8分） A name is more than just a word. It carries the weight

19、 of a persons whole identity. A name can represent a persons ethnicity (种族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots. A self-given name may represent a persons beliefs or chosen identity.Everyone has the right to have their name pronounced correctly. It is a sign of respect for a per

20、sons individuality. “A persons name is to him or her the sweetest and most important sound in any language,” Dale Carnegie writes in his book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Behind each name is a story, and when a name is anglicized (英语化), mispronounced, or ignored, that story is dismissed.

21、A name mispronounced for a long time can negatively impact a persons attitude toward their own identity. It can create feelings of shame or embarrassment because they are made to feel like a burden. In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots. They may begin sh

22、ying away from their native language, culture, and family for the sake of fitting in.In order to avoid this, many international students living in the U.S. choose English names. People shouldnt have to ignore their identities for the sake of someone elses convenience.Everyone makes mistakes, and not

23、 everyone can get a name right on the first try. Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, shows a lack of effort. It is not okay to be comfortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.If youre unsure whether youre pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Thin

24、k of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally. When meeting someone for the first time, make sure that you heard the name correctly. It doesnt take a lot to simply repeat the name back. Spell it out. Write it down. Do whatever you have to do to get the name

25、right. Making the effort to correctly pronounce someones name is an essential part of cultural competency (文化素养). Without this, we cannot expect to show respect and tolerance for our diverse community.1、What may a persons name tell us?AHis cultural background.BHis physical appearance.CHis favorite s

26、ound.DHis attitude to life.2、Whats the long-term influence of mispronouncing ones name?AThe feeling of shame may be caused.BThe person may feel over-burdened.CThe character of the person may change.DThe person may try to hide his roots.3、What does the writer think of mispronouncing a name repeatedly

27、?AIt is unavoidable.BIt is unacceptable.CIt strengthens friendship.DIt shows discrimination.4、Whats the last paragraph mainly about?AHow to show our respect for others.BHow to avoid mispronouncing names.CHow to improve our pronunciation.DHow to live harmoniously in a community.23（8分）The next time yo

28、ur brain refuses to recall a simple fact or name, be thankful. That could be a sign that your brain is getting rid of unnecessary information so that it can operate more efficiently, and help you make better decisions.The researchers say there are numerous neurobiological(神经生物学的)studies conducted on

29、 how the brain stores information, a process called persistence (暂留). However, scientists also assumed that our occasional inability to recall facts was due to a are an the brain. In 2013, scientists discovered that as new neurons combine with the hippocampus(海马区)-a region of the brain that plays a

30、significant role in learning and remembering-they overwrite old memories, making them harder to access. There is also evidence that the brain weakens or removes connections between neurons, in which memories are encoded.The scientists have a theory on why the brain spends so much energy erasing memo

31、ries. They say what the brain decides to forget is determined by our daily life. An example is that our brains remember phone numbers according to the need. Instead of storing this irrelevant information that our phones can store for us, our brains are freed up to store the memories that actually do

32、 matter for us. They also believe that memorizing too much detail could prevent us from making good decisions.So the next time you are unable to recall a seemingly important fact, dont be hard on yourself. Just throw it to your brains “rubbish can” to make room for information that can contribute to

33、 making you smarter! Remember, even Albert Einstein was absent-minded!1、What can we know from the first two paragraphs?APersistence is not a process to store informationBOnce information is stored in the brain, it will last foreverCLearning and memorizing take place in the hippocampusDNew neurons wi

34、ll strengthen old memories2、The brain has to erase memories to _.Arecall important informationBstore more important informationCstore detailDremember phone numbers3、If some unimportant information is stored, it will be _.Acombined with the hippocampusBprocessed and memorized permanentlyCstored and d

35、ecoded immediatelyDremoved and forgotten soon4、What is the best title of the passage?AScientists encourage us to forget thingsBThe way our brains memorize and encodeCForgetting things may make you smarterDWhy was Albert Einstein absent-minded?24（8分）Could the device, smartphone or PC, which you re us

36、ing affect the moral decisions you make when using it? To test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas to a sample set of 1,010 people. The participants were assigned a device at random.One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic “trolley(有轨电车) problem”: A runaway trolley is

37、 headed towards five people tied up on a-set of train tracks. You can do nothing, resulting in the deaths of five people, or push a man off a bridge, which will stop the trolley. The practical response is to kill one man to save five lives, which 33. 5 percent of smartphone users chose, compared to

38、22.3 percent of PC users.“What we round in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma, “Dr Albert Barque-Duran, the lead author of the study, told

39、City, University of London. “This could be due to the increased time pressure often present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”As for why the researchers started this study, Dr Barque-Duran noted, “Due to the fact

40、that our social lives, work and even shopping take place online, it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed, and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices d

41、aily. “its clear that we need more research on how our devices affect our moral decision making because were using screens at an ever increasing rate.1、Why did the author mention the trolley problem?ATo introduce a difficult problem to readers.BTo introduce the aim of carrying out the study.CTo show

42、 an example of the questions in the studyDTo show the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas.2、How do the smartphone users of the study behave in dealing with emotional dilemmas?ACalmly. BCruelly.CHesitantly. DEnthusiastically.3、Dr Albert believes that compared with PCs, smartphones .Ahelp people bear

43、more pressureBhelp people make decisions quickCmake people feel more mentally distantDmake people stay happier to solve problems4、What can we infer from the text?AShopping online has a great effect on making moral decisions.BThe people using smartphones are more than those using PCs.CPeople who ofte

44、n use smartphones or PCs always meet with dilemmas,DIt is common for people to be involved in making moral decisions in daily life.25（10分）Natural selection is the process by which one type of animal within a species thrives because of certain characteristics that make it more likely to live than oth

45、ers in its group. The history of the peppered moth(灰蛾) is an example of the natural selection process.In 19th century England, certain types of peppered moths were able to better blend（融合）into their surroundings. During that time period, great changes were happening in Great Britain. The Industrial

46、Revolution was part of this change, and with it came air pollution. Natural selection often takes hundred or even thousands of years to occur. For the peppered moth, this process occurred comparatively quickly.At the beginning of the Industrial Age, most peppered moths in England were light-colored

47、and covered with black markings, although a few moths had dark-colored wings. Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot(烟煤)

48、 and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. Within 50 years, the peppered moth went from being mostly light-colored to being mostly dark-colored.In the 20th century, the

49、 air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lighted due to less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels declined. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them to be “natura

50、lly selected” to survive.1、Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “thrives” in the first paragraph?AReduces. BBooms.CChanges. DEndangers.2、What can we infer about the peppered moths natural selection process?AThe length of time was unusual.BThe soot levels in England d

51、id not affect it.CThis type of color change was typical for moths.DIt was a good example of environmental protection.3、Whats the difference between light-colored and dark-colored moths?ADark-colored moths were originally easy to see on trees.BBoth kinds of moths preferred the dark-colored trees.CBir

52、ds failed to see light-colored moths.DThe color of moths was unimportant.4、Which would most likely happen if soot darkened Englands trees again?ABirds would eat fewer moths.BMoths would not be able to stay alive.CLight-colored moths would disturb peoples life.DThe population of dark-colored moths wo

53、uld increase.第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）A letter to Mum and her mince (肉末) piesWhen I was a little girl, you and I loved decorating the living room and Christmas tree. After 1 , we would bake cakes. “Make enough mince pies, because Santa likes

54、 them,” you would tell me.Christmas Eve came and you would put me on my 2 made bed. Id fall asleep until Christmas 3 . Id wake up and thrill at the 4 before me. At the bottom of my bed would be loads of presents. Id scream in delight, 5 tearing the paper open. Running downstairs, I would 6 that Sant

55、a hadnt just stopped in the 7 : there were also lots of 8 around the Christmas tree.Many years later, the 9 continued. The only thing that 10 was the presents at the end of the bed I grew out of them.One afternoon while we were 11 extra mince pies as usual, it 12 hit me that the extra wasnt for 13 .

56、 I said, “Those extra mince pies were never for Santa, were they? They were for you!” You never said a word a smile was your only 14 .Christmas changed in 1986, when you suffered a 15 brain disease. After 16 throughout Christmas, you passed away on the 29 December .Only now am I starting to enjoy Ch

57、ristmas again, and while I dont do the 17 any more, I do have mince pies in the house. I leave one out just for you, as if you were 18 a part of my Christmas. And I make sure I put up the decorations 19 you, and us. Thanks for the 20 memories of Christmas, Mum.1、Acooking Bdecorating Cliving Dresting

58、2、Aneatly Bspecially Cquickly Dtemporarily3、AEve Bmorning Cdinner Dvacation4、Apies Bmess Cdecorations Dsight5、Aviolently Bdeliberately Cexcitedly Dcasually6、Adiscover Bwitness Cdescribe Dimagine7、Aapartment Blounge Cbedroom Dkitchen8、Adecorations Bcakes Cleaves Dpresents9、Atradition Bholiday Ccelebr

59、ation Dsituation10、Ahelped Bstopped Cremained Dcounted11、Amaking Btasting Cpurchasing Ddelivering12、Aheavily Bcertainly Csuddenly Dfrequently13、AMum BSanta CChristmas Dguests14、Aexplanation Bopinion Cexpression Dreply15、Amild Bcurable Csevere Dcommon16、Asuffering Bcelebrating Cworking Ddecorating17、

60、Alaundry Bcleaning Coperation Dbaking18、Astill Balso Ceven Djust19、Ain praise of Bin memory of Con behalf of Don account of20、Ashort Brecent Cregretful Dwonderful第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27（15分）Located at Yangjiaping of the Jiulongpo District of Chongqing, Chongqing Zoo is8