unit-2-The-Virtues-Of-Growing-Older

1、Welcome to unit 2The Virtues Of Growing OlderGROUP Topic introduction and discussionVocabularyText comprehension Grammar Translation ACTIVITIESTopic introduction discussion1. QuoteNobody grows old merely by living a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, bu

2、t to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Samuel UllmanThe disadvantages of growing olderHave many troublesParents will not tolerate us like beforeHave more responsibility to undertakeLose ourselves in the lifeLose freedomLonelyPressureVirtues of being youngBe loved by our parentsFreedom CarefreeFu

3、ll of vitality(生机、活力)Can do anything what we wantHave more chance to study , travel etc.Virtues of old ageHave a peaceful heartNo more to worry about but enjoy the rest of lifeBe respected by othersHave a large amount of experienceKnow better how to cherishVocabularyWorship vt. 崇拜，尊崇; 爱慕 vi. 做礼拜; 热爱

4、; 爱慕; 崇拜（尤指达到看不到缺点的地步） n. （对治安官或市长的尊称）阁下; 尊敬; 崇拜; 礼拜 Eg：Most of the upper castes worship the Goddess Kali.印度上层种姓多数崇拜女神时母Work out 解决; 作出; 锻炼1plan；develop；devise计划；发展；设计2arrive at by calculation计算；估算3understand the nature of理解；看出；判断Convince 使确信Colocation：convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事Convince sb. to do st

5、h 劝说某人做某事Derivation：convincing a.令人信服的，有说服力的Convinced a.坚信的，坚定不移的Jog vt.& vi. 慢跑; 轻推，轻撞; 蹒跚行进; 使颠簸 vt. 慢跑; 轻推; 蹒跚行进; 使颠簸 n. 轻推，轻摇; 慢跑; （线，面上的）参差不齐; 突然的转向Eg：He went for another early morning jog.他又去晨跑了.Colocation：jog someones memory 1 cause someone唤起某人的记忆一引起某人Compare：run, jog, race, trot 这些动词均有跑之意。 r

6、un： 最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。jog： 指从容不迫地慢跑。race： 多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。trot： 强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。Delay v推迟Collocation:Delay doing sth 推迟做某事Comparison：Delay：指（因外界原因）暂时收到阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行；还可以指使某人迟到、耽搁或延误。Eg.I was delayed by the traffic.交通堵塞使我迟到了Postpone：是正式用词，语义较强，指有意义的延至将来某一特定时间，在多数情况下，后面会说明改到何时进行。Eg.Lets p

7、ostpone making a decision until we have more information.让我们在知道更多的信息之后再做出决定吧。aging n. the process of becoming oldDetailed reading1 aginge.g.People want to figure out whether doing sports can influence aging in the body.Comparison:elderly a. a polite word meaning oldsenior citizen a polite expression

8、 meaning old peoplee.g.The building has now been converted into a retirement home for the elderly.devil n.魔鬼；家伙；淘气鬼；冒失鬼Derivation：devilish adj.残忍的；恶毒的；邪恶的Devilishly adv.过分地；厉害地Colocation:a devil of a job 费力的事；令人讨厌的事dread vt. feel great fear or anxiety aboutDetailed reading1 dreade.g.The little girl

9、dreads sleeping alone.The staff in this company dread to think what will happen if the financial crisis comes.Derivation:dreadful a. Synonym:fear, frightenDetailed readingUn-American adj. 非美国式的，反美的 Eg： Joness as un - American but defended his right to free speech.但是协会保护他自由言论的权利.distinct a. noticeabl

10、e, unmistakableDetailed reading1 distincte.g.The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh.Collocation:distinct from sth. different in kind; separateDetailed readinge.g.Mozarts style is quite distinct from Haydns. Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science. 天文学是一门严谨的科学，与占星术完全

11、不同。Derivation:distinction n.distinctly ad. be apt to do somethingto have a natural tendency to do somethingapt: exactly right for a particular situation or purpose = appropriateLove at first sight is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her.The punishment should be apt for the crime.an

12、apt pupil/student formala student who is quick to learn and understandDetailed reading1- be obsessed with 1be obsessed with have an unreasonably strong and continuous interest in particular things or personse.g.The new president was obsessed with the thought of being watched. 新主席总觉得受人监视而心神不宁。Derivat

13、ion:obsession n.obsessive a. Synonym: preoccupy, hauntDetailed readingTeen n. 青少年（等于teenager）; 伤害，损坏; 痛苦，悲伤; 愤怒 adj. 十几岁的; 13-19岁的 Eg:I spent most of my teen years reading diet books.我青少年时期的大部分时间都用来阅读控制饮食的书籍了feverishly adv.狂热地；兴奋地eg:They worked feverishly to the November deadline.他们抢在十一月最后期限前拼命工作。de

14、rivation:Feverish adj.激动的；发烧的Detailed reading1 megadoses of vitaminsmegadoses of vitaminsExplanation: very large doses of vitaminsDetailed reading Dave lifted weights, took megadoses vitamins, and drank a half-dozen milk shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular idea

15、l. 解析：本句为并列句。其中，lifted, took和drank并列作谓语；in order tosome muscular ideal做目的状语。句中，milk shake意为”奶昔”。Megadose n. （维生素等的）大剂量 vt. 给予大剂量 Milk shake n. 奶昔（即泡沫牛奶，将牛奶和冰激凌等混合后搅打至起泡的饮料） Please give me an apple pie and a cup of milk shake.请给我一个苹果派和一杯奶昔.wiry adj.1 瘦而结实的 a wiry little man清瘦结实的小个男子 2 硬而结实的；像金属丝的 Her

16、 hair was wiry and black 她的头发又硬又黑。Adolescent n. a young person who is developing into an adult 青少年Adolescents need more attention from all aspects of the society.青少年需要社会各个方面的关注。A. relating to process of developing into an adult 青春期的 ；青少年的Deviration:adolescence n.青春 ；青春期frame n.框架be in/out of the fra

17、me参加；不参加eg:He won the match,so he is still in the frame for the championship.他赢了比赛，所以仍可参加锦标赛。 a picture frame画框aluminium window frames铝窗框 muscular adj.肌肉发达的；强壮的Derivation:musculature n.肌肉系统 diet vi. eat less in order to lose weighte.g. The doctor told the patient to diet and take some exercise. n. t

18、he type of food that a person regularly eatse.g. Exercise and a well-balanced diet keeps you fit and healthy.Collocation: a diet of sth. so much of sth. that you feel boring or unpleasante.g. a constant diet of soap operas on TV 多得令人腻烦的电视连续剧 No matter what I weighed, though. I was never satisfied wi

19、th the way I looked.解析：本句为复合句，句子主干为. I was never satisfied with the way.其中，No matter what 引导让步状语从句；I looked为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰the way. Though在此处是副词，意为“不过，可是，然而”，表示补充说明，使语气减弱Though conj. 虽然，尽管; 即使; 纵然 adv. 可是，但是; 不过; 然而; 话虽这样说 prep. 但 Collocation：A as thoughB even thoughthough, although, as 这些连词均可表示虽然，尽

20、管之意。 though：1.though可引出倒装语序的让步状语从句，although 则不能。2.though可与even连用，although则不能；在as though结构中，只用though，不能用although。3.though可以置于从句末，而although则不能。4.引出省略句时，通常用though。although： 引出让步状语从句只用于倒装语序结构中，语气强于上述两个连词。Waist n. 腰，腰部; （衣服的）腰身; 船腰; （女人，小孩子的）背心 Eg：Measure your waist-hip ratio while standing relaxed and n

21、aked.plead vi. make an urgent, emotional statement or request for sth. e.g. The little girl pleaded with her parents not to leave her in her uncles home.The criminal pleaded to see his wife once more. Comparison:beg vi. ask sb. very strongly in a way that makes one feel ashamed or makes other people

22、 lose respect for hime.g. The unfilial son begged mercy of his mother.Collocation:plead with sb. for sth. make repeated urgent requests to sb. for sth.Detailed reading1 If our parents If our parents didnt get them for us, we felt our world would fall apart. Translation:如果父母不给我们买我们想要的衣服，我们就觉得世界末日到了。

23、Detailed reading How could we go to school wearing loose-fitting blazers when everyone else would be wearing smartly tailored jackets？解释：本句为复合句，句子主干为How could we go to school 。其中，现在分词短语wearing loose-fitting blazers 作状语；when引导让步状语从句，此处意为“然而”Loose-fitting adj. 配上去稍大的; 旷 Eg：Both close - fitting and loo

24、se fitting are the fashion now.Blazer n. 燃烧物，燃烧体; （法兰绒的）运动上衣; 传播者，宣传者 Eg：He wore his cleanest slacks, a clean shirt and a navy blazer.他穿着他最干净的便裤，洁净的衬衫和藏青色上装。Tailored adj. 剪裁讲究的; （衣服）订做的; 合身的; 特制的 v. 裁制( tailor的过去式和过去分词 ); 调整使适应Eg: She wore a softly tailored suit.她穿了一身剪裁得体、非常服帖的套装。Freak n. 反常的事; 突然的念

25、头; 怪异物; 俚吸毒（成瘾）者；颓废派成员；性变态者 vi. 胡闹，开玩笑; 行事任性怪诞; 美国俚语（尤指在服用迷幻药后）变得极度兴奋; 俚语（像吸过毒似的）行为反常 vt. 激怒; 俚语使采取不合常规的生活方式; 俚语使处于幻觉剂影响之下 Eg: Weir broke his leg in a freak accident playing golf.韦尔因为一次打高尔夫时发生的离奇事故折断了腿。Collocation: freak weather conditions 反常的天气状况 freak outv.俚（因吸毒等而）产生幻觉;（使）极度兴奋;口语行为反常；发疯Eg：I freak

26、out every time I see a bug. 我每次看到虫子都会吓得发疯.Tolerate vt. be willing to accept sth. unpleasant or difficult, even though one does not like it or approve itEg. As newcomers, they had to tolerate the awful weather and the tough living conditions.Derivation : tolerant a.宽容的；容忍的 toleration n. 容忍；默认；信仰自由Com

27、parison:stand vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situationendure vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation for a long timebear vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation that makes one angry, sad, or upsetput up with accept or be forced to accept an annoyi

28、ng situation or unpleasant behavior as part of ones daily lifeBeyond prep. outside the range or limit of 超过；越过；那一边Eg. The radio is beyond repair.这台收音机已经不能修理了。Collocation :be beyond sb. be impossible for sb. to imagine, understand or calculateEg. Its beyond me why she wants to marry Burton. 我不明白她为什么想

29、嫁给伯顿。Agony n. 极大的痛苦; 苦恼，烦闷; 临死的挣扎; （感情的）迸发 Eg: He fell awkwardly and went down in agony clutching his right knee.他笨拙地摔倒了，痛苦地抱住右膝倒在地上。Derivation : agonize v. 使（极度）痛苦，折磨 agonizing a. 痛苦难忍的；使人苦恼的 agonizingly ad. 使人烦恼地；苦闷地Deny oneself not do sth. that one enjoys doing or have sth. one desires to have, b

30、ecause he thinks that will be good for him 节制，摒弃Eg. He denied himself all small pleasures and luxuries in his effort to live a holy life.他摒弃了快乐奢华的生活努力去过一种宗教生活。Comparison :do without be able to manage without sth. one really wants to have没有-也行；将就；用不着Eg. No one can do without drinking water for a long

31、 time.没有人能够长时间不喝水。Slice vt. 切成片; 切下; 划分 n. 薄片; 一部分; （因失误而打出的）曲线球 vi. 斜击 Eg: For breakfast I had a thick slice of bread and syrup.早餐我吃了一片厚厚的涂了糖浆的面包。Collocation：a slice of the action（为了获得利益）参与某事slice of life如实的反映生活或经验的一个侧面Pecan pie 山核桃派Eg：Then we eat dessert chess pie, pecan pie, cookies, pumpkin brea

32、d, and other sweets and drink coffee.然后就是甜品-奶酪派, 山核桃派, 饼干, 南瓜饼和其它的甜食,然后一起喝咖啡.Lanky adj. 过分瘦长，瘦长得难看 变形 比较级： lankier 最高级： lankiestEg：He was six feet four, all lanky and leggy.他身高6英尺4英寸，瘦高个儿，大长腿。A adj.1 过分瘦长,瘦长得难看a lanky figure瘦得难看的体形Tom was a lanky boy with long skinny legs.汤姆是一个腿很细的瘦高个儿。We are no lon

33、g slaves to styleExplanation : we no longer follow the fashion blindly At the mercy of fashionExplanation : completely controlled by fashionPreferable a. more desirable or suitable 更好的，更可取的;略胜一筹的;Eg. For me, teamwork is preferable to single action. 对我而言，团队合作比单独行动更好。Synonym：better, superiorAntonym: i

34、nferiorDerivation : preferably ad更可取地，更好地，宁可; preference n. 偏爱;优先权;偏爱的事 物;（债权人）受优先偿还的权利; but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out.解析：句中，that引导定语从句，修饰the critical decisions;现在分词短语just starting out做后置定语，修饰those.Critical adj：批评的，爱挑剔的; 关键的; 严重的; 极重要的 e

35、g: I gather his report is highly critical of the trial judge.据我所知，他在报道中毫不留情地批评了初审法官。A adj.1 关键性的,危急的pressing urgent crucial decisive 2 批评的;吹毛求疵的faultfinding carping captious censorious caviling disapproving antonym :approbatory uncritical complimentary Await vt. 等候; 等待; 期待 I shall await your answer

36、to my letter with eagerness.急盼复信.hope, anticipate, await 这些动词均有希望，期待之意。 hope： 指希望得到积极、有利的结果，所期待的可能实现，也可能不会实现。anticipate： 指对未来的期望，一般是对好事的期待。await： 书面用词，指对将要或预料要发生的事怍于期待状态。 wait, await 这两个动词均含等，等待之意。 wait： 普通用词，侧重静候于某处，直到等候或期待的人或事物的到来，通常用作不及物动词，与for连用。await： 正式用词，及物动词，通常指不断等待，多含耐心意味。Pursue vt. 继续; 追求;

37、 进行; 追捕 vi. 追，追赶; 继续进行 Eg： She had come to England to pursue an acting career.她来英格兰投身演艺事业。Collocation : pursue excellence 追求卓越 still pursuing 不断追求 pursue progress 追求进步 pursue pleasure 寻欢作乐 pursue to the brutal end不留余地 pursue after 追赶 pursue a claim 进行索赔Carefree a. cheerful and without worriesEg. Our

38、 childhood, those carefree days have gone for ever. 我们童年的无忧无虑的时光一去不复返。Synonym :lighthearted, untroubledCollocation : keep a peaceful and carefree mind 悠闲自在Unknown n. an unknown person or thing n.不知名或不出名的人；未知的事物;未知数eg. Recently I always see an unknown appearing in my neighbors garden.最近我总是看到一个陌生人出现在我

39、领居的花园里。Antonym： celebrity n.名人，知名人士;名流;名声;名誉;Collocation：content unknown 货物内容不详 identity unknown 身份不明Its no wonder that, despite their carefree facade, they are often confused, uncertain, and troubled by all the unknowns in their future.解析：本句为复合句，句子主干为Its no wonder that 其中It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句；在

40、该主语从句中，介词短语despite their carefree faade作让步状语Benefit n. anything that brings help, advantage, profit利益，好处;救济金，津贴;义演，义卖;恩惠，恩泽Eg. All the 11 countries get benefit from China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.这十一个城市都从中国-东盟自由贸易区中获益。Derivation ： beneficial a. 有利的，有益的;法可享受利益的; benefit vt 有益于，有助于;使受益;得益，受益;Unsettling n

41、. 沉淀物 v. 安排( settle的现在分词 ); 安放; 安家; （使）安定 Eg : Refugees settling in Britain suffer from a number of problems. 在英国定居的难民面临很多问题。Collocation：settling time建立时间settle down 定居；安下心来 settle for 对感到满足，满足于 settle ones account 结算；付讫.set oneself up as 以自居.settling velocity沉降速度settling vat 沉降桶Aspect n. 方面; 面貌; 方位

42、，方向; 形势 Eg: She has already expressed her dissatisfaction with this aspect of the policy.她对政策的这一方面已经表达了不满。aspect ratio 纵横比important aspect重要方面The most unsetting aspect of youth is the uncertainty you feel about your values , goals, and dreams.解析：本句为复合句，句子主干为The most unsetting aspect of youth is the

43、uncertainty.其中，you feel为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰the uncertaintyTake up with 和交往，和要好; 交涉 Eg: We must not take up with false theories.我们不应该接受错误的理论.Collocation： take up with something 发生兴趣take up the glove 应战take up basketball with 打打篮球take up with false 接受错误Detailed reading1 It means trying It means trying on

44、new selves by taking up with different crowds.Explanation: It means trying behaving differently from their usual selves by associating with different people.Detailed readingAccomplished adj. 才华高的; 技艺高超的; 熟练的 eg. He felt a glow of pride in what she had accomplished.他为她取得的成绩深感自豪。Collocation:mission ac

45、complished 任务完成highly accomplished 多才多艺 human accomplishment 人类成就 accomplished fact 既成事实It means resenting your parents and their way of life one minute and then feeling you will never be as good or as accomplished as they are.解析：本句为复合句，句子主干为It means resentingand then feeling其中，两个动名词短语resentingandfe

46、eling并列做means的宾语；you will never be as good or as accomplished as they are为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，作feeling.Contrast n. 对比，对照; 差异; 对照物，对立面; 摄反差 Eg:The boys room is a complete contrast to the guest room.这个男孩的房间和客房截然不同。Collocation： contrast agent 对比剂contrast color 对比色dynamic contrast 动态对比contrast ratio 对比率Comp

47、arison:compare, compare to, compare with, contrast这些动词(短语)均含比较之意。compare ： 侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。compare to ： 指两物有类似或相似之处，从而把(一物)比作(另一物)。compare with ： 指把用作比较以便找出差异或好坏。contrast ： 指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。Sanity n. 神志正常; 心智健康; 头脑清楚; 通情达理 Eg： He pleads for sanity in a lunatic world.他祈求在这混乱的世界里仍能保持头脑

48、清明。sanity testing 1.健全测试 2.理智测试lose ones sanity 失去理智Antonym: insanity n.疯狂;精神失常;精神病;Derivation: sane adj.心智健全的;神志正常的;明智的;稳健的 sanely adv.心智健全地，稳健地;Make a speech : speak formally to a group of listeners 演讲;致辞;讲演;Eg. Jacks friend pleaded with him for making a speech at a wedding reception. 杰克的朋友对他这次的婚庆

49、主持非常满足。Synonym : give a lecture, lectureComparison : make a face 做鬼脸make a fortune 发大财make a fool of oneself / sb. 使自己/某人出丑In front of在前面;当着的面;面前;在物体外部的前面Eg. A tree is in front of the classroom.In the front of在最前面，在最重要的位置;在物体内部的前面Eg. There is a desk in the front of the classroom.Quirk n. 奇事，巧合; 怪癖;

50、突然的弯曲 Eg：By a strange quirk of fate they had booked into the same hotel.真是天缘奇遇，他们住进了同一家旅馆。One of his quirks is that he refuses to travel by train.他的怪癖之一是不愿乘火车旅行。Keep vt. 保持; 保留; 遵守; 阻止 vi. （食品）保持新鲜; 保持健康 n. 保持，保养; 供养，抚养; 生活，生计; 饲料；牧草 Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.记住：

51、保持乐观的心态，好事自然会发生。Collocation：keep at 坚持;督促;备有;耽搁 keep down压制，镇压：阻止成长、完成或成功. keep off（使）不接近;禁食;（雨、雪等）没有下;避开某一话题;keep to待在;（使）遵守坚持;保密;（使）谈话不离题; keep up vi.不减弱， （天气）持续不变;保持;保养;（使）不倒下;保持不衰退; keep ones feet 站住不倒;Score n. 得分; 分数; 总谱; 20个 v. 得分; 记分; 评分; 获得胜利 Eg： Lightly score the surface of the steaks with

52、a knife.在牛排表面轻轻打花刀。Collocation： keep (the) score 记分 know the score 非正式)了解情况（指主要事实） on the score of=because of (英)因为on that (或 this) score 就这（那）一点而言I no longer blame my parents for my every personality quirk or keep a running score of everything they did wrong raising me.解析：本句为复合句，句子主干为I no longer bl

53、ame my parents or keep a running score of everything.其中，they did wrong raising me为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰everything；在该定语从句中，现在分词raising me作状语.Saint n. 圣人般的人（指特别善良、仁爱或有耐性的人）; 圣（冠于人名、地名之前）; （因其生死言行而被基督教会追封的）圣人; 圣徒 vt. 成为圣徒; 把视为圣徒 eg：Ive had enoughthere are limits even for the patience of asaint!我已经受够了即使是圣人忍耐也

54、是有限的！Collocation：saint valentines day情人节contradict vt. be opposite in nature tovt.反驳，驳斥;否认;与矛盾，与抵触;Eg. The document contradicts what we heard in the conference last week.文献与我们上周开会所听到的相矛盾。Synonym :oppose, disagreeDerivation : contradictory adj.矛盾的;反驳的;抗辩的; contradiction n.矛盾;否认，反驳Premise n. 前提; 复数房屋;

55、 复数合同、契约用语上述各点; （逻辑学中的）大小前提 vt. 预述（条件等）; 提出为前提; 假设; 作出前提 .Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提.Collocation： major premise 大前提 minor premise小前提 contradictory premises矛盾前提 Contentment n. 满足，满意，知足，心满意足 eg：He gazed out to sea, with a feeling of deep contentment.他凝视着大海, 感到深深的

56、满足.Antonym：discontentment不满足Phase n. stage of development n.相，周相;阶段;物理学相位;方面，侧面;Childhood is an enlightening phase for a child.童年是一个孩子的启蒙阶段。Synonym : stage, periodCollocation:phase in 分阶段引介：一阶段一个地引入phase out 逐步撤除：一次一个阶段地结束in (或 out of) phase（不）同相的（地）；（不）同步的（地）；（不）协调的（地）in phase 按阶段：用相关的或同步的方式out of

57、phase 不分阶段：用不同步的或不相关的方式Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next perhaps even better phase of my life.Explanation: Their contentment makes me believe that Ill be as happy as they are when I am their age.Translation: 在我迈向生命的下一个阶段，或许是更好的一个时期时，我父母的幸福感给我提供了这样一个保证：我也许会幸福的。D

58、etailed reading1 Their contentment Detailed readingText comprehension ParagraphsMain idea1-2The writer airs her view about growing older.3-5The writer discusses three distinct advantages of growing older.6The writer winds up her discussion with reference to her parents life to reaffirm that growing

59、older would be “a better phase” of her life.PARAGRAPH STRATUREConsolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.4obsess v. （使）牵挂，（使）惦念，（使）着迷obsessed a. 着迷的obsession n. 困扰，沉迷，着魔obsessive a. 着迷的，强迫性的，分神的1.e.g.爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.Hes always

60、wanted to find his father but recently its become an obsession.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.5mood n. 心情，情绪moody a. 易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的moodiness n. 忧郁2.e.g.我每个星期日情绪都很坏。我的妻子在医院里心情不好。 I am always in a bad mood on Sunday.My wife is moody at the hospital.Consolidation Activities- Word derivatio