常见词根词缀整理汇编

1、一.常见的前缀表示否定意义的前缀1）完全否定前缀un-：unable,unemployment,unacceptable,unaccountable无法理解的，难以解释的,unaccustomed,unadjusted,unashamed,unavoidable,uncertain,uncomfortable,uncommon,unconventional新奇的,uncover,unfair,unfamiliardis-：dishonest,dislike,disappear,disagree,dislike,discontinue,disconnect,distract，disadvanta

2、ge,discontent,discourage,disorder,disobey,dissatisfiedin-：incapable,inability,inaccurate,inactive,inadequate,inadvertent,inadvisable,inappropriate,inaudible,incomprehensible,inconvenient,incorrect,incurable,independent,indirect,indifferent,indistinct不清晰的inexhaustible,inexpensive,inexperience,innumer

3、able,insignificant,intolerant,invalid无效的；病弱的,invaluable,invariable;ig-,ignoble卑劣的,ignominy,ignominious,ignominiously,im-,impossible,immoral,immortal,immature,immobile,immoderate,impatient,imperfect,impersonal,import,impractical,improbable,impolite,improper,il-,illusive,illiberal狭隘的,illegible无法辨认的,il

4、legal,illiterate,illogical,ir-,irregular，irresponsible,irrational,irrelevant,irreligious,irresistible,irreverent,irrecoverablene-,n-：none,neither,never,nevertheless,non-：nonsense,non-existence,non-profit,non-professional,non-academic,non-commercial,non-smokerneg-：neglect,negligent疏忽的，造成过失的,negligibl

5、e微不足道的2）表示错误的意义male-,mal-：malfunction发生故障,maladjustment（失调）,malnutrition营养不良,maltreat虐待,maladministration,malformation畸形,malware恶意软件mis-：mistake,mislead,misunderstand,misfortune,misuse,mistrust,mistranslate,mismatch不匹配,pseudo-：pseudonym（假名）,pseudoscience3）表示反动作的意思de-:defend,demodulation（解调）,decode,d

6、ecompress,decontaminate消毒，消除的污染,degrade,degenerate恶化，衰退dis-:disarm,disconnect（见第一条）un-:unload,uncover（见第一条）4）表示相反，相互对立意思anti-,ant-:antiknock（防震）,anti-foreign,（排外的）,anti-racism,antiracist,antireligious,anti-terrorist,anti-warcounter-:counteract抵抗,counterreaction,counterbalance抵消,counterculture,counte

7、r-revolution更多精品文档学习好资料with-,withdraw,withstand承受住,withhold拒付，不予,表示空间位置、方向关系/时间、序列/对比、差别的前缀1）表示“在.之上，在上面，转上”a-表示在之上”，向”aboard,aside,over-,表示在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,overhead在空中,overboard向船夕卜,oveflow,overseas,overwrite写在上面,表示超过，过度，太”overeat,overdress,oversleep,overcharge对要价过高,overpopulated,overload使超载,ove

8、rpraise,overproduction,overspend超支,overtime表示完全，全”overalloverview概述super-,sur-,表示“在.之上”superficial,surface,supervision;表示“超过,超级的”supernature,superpower,superman,superstar,supersensitive,supermarket,surplus剩余,surpass胜过up-,表示向上，向上面，在上”upward,uphold维持，uphill（上坡）,upload,upland高原，uplift振奋，上升,upright垂直的,u

9、pside积极方面,upstairstrans-,表示移上，转上，在那一边”translate,transform,transoceanic,transaction,transplant,transport,2）表示在.下面，在下部”sub-（sup-）,表示在下面，下”subway,submarine,subconscious,suppress,表示低，次，副，亚”subeditor,subordinate,subtropical（亚热带）subtitle,subculture,subdivide,under-,表示在.下面，下的”underline,underground,underwat

10、er,underwear,underfoot,undersea,表示低劣，低下”undersize矮小的,undergrown,underproduction（生产不足）,underestimate,underdeveloped,underachieve未发挥水平的,down-,表示”向下，在下面”downfall,downhill,download,downpour倾盆大雨,downriver,downside,downstairs,downward,downtown3）表示在前面，先前”pre-,表示在前,在前面，事先”prefix,preface,prearrange,precondit

11、ion先决条件,prepaid,preschool,pre-war,prewash,prehistory,pre-readingfore-表示在前面，先前”foreheadforearm,foreground,forefinger,forefoot,forefront最前列,foreleg,foremost,forepaw,forerunner先驱，先导,foresee预见,foresight先见之明,foretaste预先体验,forewarn预先警告,foreword前言,forecast,foretell（预言）4）表示向后，在后边”post-,表示向后，在后边，次”postscript

12、附言,postdoctoral,post-earthquake,postgraduate,post-tax,post-war.5）表示向内，在内部”in-,im-，表示向内，在内，”inland,invade,inside,income,import6）表示在外部，向外，额外”ex-，表示夕卜部，夕卜”exit,expand,export,external,expose,express,out-,表示在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward,outdoor.表示超过，过分”outdc超过）,outbid（出价过高的人）,outweigh,outnumber在数量上超过,学习

13、好资料extra-,表示“额外”extraction（提取）,extraordinary,extra-curricular课外的7）表示“在之间，相互”inter-,intel-,international,interaction,internet,intercommunication,intercity,intercontinental,intercultural,interdependent,interpersonal,interview,8）表示“中，中间”medi-,med-,mid-：Mediterranean,mid-position,midday,midfield,midway中

14、途的,midnight,midsummer.9）表示“在.旁边，附近；副的，次的”by-表示附近，邻近，边侧”bypath,bypass弯路）,byroad小路,bystander旁观者,byway偏僻小路；表示畐次要的”byproduct,bywork（副业）,10）表示“再一次，重新”re-,retell,rewrite,readjust,reapply,rebuild,recycle,reform,refresh,replace,reset,resettle,restart,restate,11）表示“副，次”vice-：vice-president,vice-chairman表示共同，

15、相等/分离，离开意思的前缀1）表示共同，相等意思的前缀com-,con-,cor-,co-表示共同，一起”connect,combine,combat,collect,coexist,cooperate,correlationsyn-,syl-,sym-,表示同，共，和，类”symmetry,sympathy,synthesis（合成）,synonym,2）.表示分离，离开意思的前缀a-ab-,abs-,表示“分离，离开”away,apart,abstract,abstainde-表示离去，处去”depart,decolour,debar把排除在夕卜，decontrol,deformdis-,

16、di-,dif-,表示分离，离开”divorce,disarm缴械）ex-,e-,表示离开，分离”expel,exclude,expatriate（驱出国夕卜）for-表示离开，脱离”forget,forgivere-表示离开”release,resolvese-表示分离，隔离”separate,seduce,select表示变换词类作用的前缀1）be-：befriend,2）en-：enslave,enable,enrich3）a-：adapt,accord,affix,aggression,arrive,assist,attend,attract,arrange,assign（委派）表示数

17、量关系的前缀1）表示单一”，一”uni-：uniform,unicellular（单细胞）,unique,unilingual,unilateral,unicycle2）表示二，两，双”ambi-：ambiguous,amphibian（两栖类）,ambivalent矛盾的更多精品文档学习好资料bi-：bin-：bicycle,bilateral,bilingual,binoculars,twi-：twice,twin,twinset两件套,twilight3）表示“三”tri：triangle，tricolor三色旗,tricycle,trilateral,trilingual,trilog

18、y三部曲,trinity三件套,triple三倍的4）表示百，百分之一centi-：centimeter，centigram5）表示千”kilo-:kilometer,kilogram,kilobyte,kilowatt千瓦6）表示微，微小的”micro-:microvolt（微伏特），microsoft，microbiology,microblog,microcomputer,microscope,microwave,7）表示“大，宏大”macro-macroscopic（宏观）8）表示许多，复，多数”multi-:multilingual,multicellular,multicultur

19、al,multifunction,multilateral,multilevel,multimedia,multiple,poly-:polysyllable,9）表示“半，一半”hemi-:hemisphere半球,semi-:semiconductor,semitransparent，semicircle,semicolon,semi-final半决赛,表示术语的前缀1）eco,表示生态的”ecology,ecologist,ecosystem,ecosphere,ecotype2）bio-,表示生命，生物”biography传记）,biology,biologist,biosphere3

20、）geo-,表示地球，大地”geographygeographer,geographic,geological地质的，geology4）tele-,表示“电,电的”television,telephone,teleconference,telegram,telegraph,telecast电视节目二.常见的后缀名词后缀（1）具有某种职业或动作的人1）-an,-ian,表示地方的人，精通的人，从事职业的人”American,historian,musician,librarian,magician,physician,civilian,pedestrian,Canadian,guardian,t

21、echnician,logician,electrician2）-arian,表示派别的人，主义的人”humanitarian,vegetarian,utilitarian,3）-ant,-ent,表示者”merchant,servant,accountant,assistant,applicant,immigrant,attendant,consultant,inhabitant,participant,pollutant,descendant,agent,student,president,parent,adolescent,opponent,nutrient,recipient-ar,表

22、示的人”scholar,liar,beggar,registrar-ary,表示从事的人secretary,missionary,adversary,luminary杰出人物-ate,表示具有职责的人candidate,graduate,private二等兵，delegate,advocate,doctorate,electorate-or,表示者,做的人educator,speculator投机者),operator,actor,conductor,professor,visitor,inventor,sailor,conqueror,director,administrator,edito

23、r,inspector,instructor,governor,contributor,competitor,collector-ee,表示动作承受者,被的人employee,examinee,interviewee,trainee,addressee,rejectee,appointee,trustee受托人-er,表示从事某种职业的人,某地区，地方的人banker,observer,Londoner,villager,teacher,worker,commander,composer,dreamer,explorer,carpenter,driver,boxer,player,swimme

24、r,organizer-ese,表示国人，.地方的人”Japanese,Chinese,Sudanese,Portugese,Vietnamese-ess,表示阴性人称名词，actress,hostess,waitress,manageress,hostess,Duchess,empress,princess,authoress,conductress-ist,表示家,.者,.能手”physicist,pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist,scientist,economist,journalist,novelist,environmentalist

25、,optimist,悲观呢？-ic,表示者，师mechanic,critic,academic,mystic,comic喜剧演员-logist,表示学家，研究者biologist,geologist(地质学家),biologist,sociologist,psychologist,technologist,archeologist考古学家-crat,表示”某种政体，主义的支持者”democrat,bureaucrat,aristocrat,autocrat独裁者,theocrat神权主义带有场所，地方的含义-age,表示住所，地点village,cottage,harborage,storag

26、e,cage,stage,garage,orphanage-ary,表示住所，场地library,granary(谷仓),seminary神学院,apiary养蜂场,sanctuary圣所，避难所,dispensary药房,-ery,ry,表示工作场所，饲养所，地点laundry,nursery,surgery(手术室),bakery,grocery,greenery,gallery,-ory,表示工作场所，住处factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory天文台,manufactory,armory,territory带有学术，科技含义-grapy,表示学，

27、写法”geographybiography,calligraphy书法-ic,ics,表示学法physics,politics,logic,mechanics,optics光学,electronics,economics,mathematics,linguistics,aesthetics,statistics,genetics-ology,表示学论”biology,zoology,technology,ecology,psychology,archeology,geology,neurology,anthropology,astrology,sociology,mythology,-ry,-

28、ery表示学科，行业chemistry,cookery,machinery,fishery,industry,forestry,pottery,jewelry,poetry,slavery构成具有抽象名词的含义-acy,表示性质，状态，境遇accuracy,diplomacy外交,privacyaccuracy,literacy,intimacy-age,表示状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称courage,storage,marriage,percentage,bandage,baggage/luggage,carriage,breakage,average,coverage,language,

29、package-al表示事物的动作，过程”refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval,disposal处理,proposal,burial,removal,interval,dismissal,withdrawal表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal,criminal,terminal-ance,-ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience,acceptance,significance,acquaintanc

30、e,allowance,appearance,insurance,conscience,resistance,convenience,entrance,existence,occurrence,preference,guidance,assistance,influence,violence,instance,distance,innocence,competence-ancy,-ency,表示性质，状态，行为，过程frequency,urgency,efficiency,tendency,pregnancy,emergency,fluency,sufficiency,constancy-it

31、y,-bility,表示动作，性质，状态,程度possibility,feasibility,capability,probability,responsibility,reliability,flexibility,stability；purity,reality,ability,punctuality,popularity,activity,sensitivity,equality,stupidity-cracy,表示统治，支配bureaucracy,democracy,aristocracy,autocracy,theocracy-cy,表示性质，状态，职位，级别bankruptcy(破

32、产),emergency,accuracy,advocacy,agency,intimacy,literacy,privacy-ion,-sion,-tion表示行为的过程，结果，状况(动词名词)action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction,collection,selection,action,inspection,discussion,impression,education,liberation,invasion,provision,admiration,preparation,satisfaction,modi

33、fication,decision,division,admission,permission,transmission-ism,表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism,communism,optimism,pessimism,realism-ment,表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument,development,amazement,excitement,disappointment,astonishment,achieveme

34、nt,payment,advertisement,government,equipment,agreement,statement-ness,表示性质，状态，程度goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness，happiness,cleverness,shyness,politeness,coldness,carefulness,sadness,darkness,illness,selfishness,rudeness,loneliness,laziness学习好资料-ship,表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”hardship,membership,f

35、riendshipownership,relationship,championship,scholarship-th,表示动作，行为warmth,growth,health,truth,death,birth,depth,length,width,youth,strength,breadth-ure,表示行为，结果pleasure,exposure,pressure,failure,mixture,signature,fixture,departure,closure,creature,moisture-y,表示行为的结果，状态，性质”glory,victory,inquiry,diffic

36、ulty,discovery,recovery,jealousy,modesty,mystery,fantasy,summary,honesty-ty,表示“性质，情况，状态”specialty,certainty,safety,cruelty,entirety,loyalty,novelty,poverty,形容词后缀带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义-able,-ible:(v./n.+ablefadj.)movable,applicable,responsible,reliable,drinkable,readable,adjustable,adaptable,thinkable,avoid

37、able,respectable,considerable,remarkable,available,sensible;comfortable,visible,valuable,reasonable,knowledgeable,favorable,terrible,horrible,possible-al:natural,additional,educational,environmental,cultural,seasonal,personal,national,global,economical,universal,logical,national,sensational,spiritua

38、l,mental,central,racial,typical,fundamental,practical,medical-ant,-ent:distant,important,significant,instant,brilliant,pleasant,constant,permanent,excellent,patient,independent,different,confident,silent,absent-ar:similar,popular,regular,particular,peculiar,familiar,solar,lunar-ary:contrary,military

39、,voluntary,necessary,imaginary,ordinary,revolutionary-ic:Arctic,electric,plastic,politic,systematic,historic,economic,public,scientific,energetic,enthusiastic,fantastic,classic,comic,tragic,magic,strategic,ironic,optimistic,pessimistic,characteristic-ive:native,passive,expensive,attractive,active,im

40、pressive,expressive,decisive,sensitive,positive,negative,creative,effective,productive,conservative,addictive,aggressive,defensive,attentive,progressive-y表示“具有特征的”、“多的”funny,lucky,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,dusty-ory:satisfactory,compulsory,illusory表示相象，类似”的含义-ish:boyish,childish,w

41、omanish,foolish,selfish【拓】加在颜色词后面，表示“略带.颜色”greenish,reddish,yellowish-ly：(注意词性：n.+lyfadj.)manly,womanly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly,friendly,brotherly,sisterly,wifely,childly,comradely,lordly,princely,scholarly,knightly,-some：troublesome,handsome,tiresome表示“充分的，充满的”含义-ful：(n./v.+fulfadj.)beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful,peaceful,forgetful,colorful,useful,careful,harmful,hopeful,meaningful,joyful,delightful,spoonful,mouthful,grateful,powerful,wonderful,successful,painful,shameful-ous：dangerous,generous,courageous,variou