基于LINUX平台安装rac总结

1、 基于LINUX平台安装RAC总结 实验所需软件：安装平台：Linux AS4虚拟机：Vmware Server数据库软件：Oracle 10g 10.2.0数据库集群软件：Oracle Clusterware安装ASM所需要的包，主要有三个配置虚拟机：在本机上创建一个存放虚拟机的路径，在此路径下分别创建三个文件夹：NODE1 （此处存放节点1）NODE2 （此处存放为节点2）STR （此处存放节点1和节点2的共享存储磁盘）添加共享磁盘要注意存放路径并选择磁盘为independent-persistent模式。如果共享磁盘不能让两个节点共享，则无法安装RAC。添加两块网卡。将操作系统ISO文件

2、加载到虚拟机光驱。创建完虚拟机关闭虚拟机。打开虚拟机路径下的.vmx文件。使用记事本修改，添加如下内容，粗体字为添加内容。 config.version = 8virtualHW.version = 4scsi0.present = TRUEscsi0.virtualDev = lsilogicmemsize = 700scsi0:0.present = TRUEscsi0:0.fileName = localdisk.vmdkide1:0.present = TRUEide1:0.fileName = auto detectide1:0.deviceType = cdrom-rawflopp

3、y0.fileName = A:Ethernet0.present = TRUEdisplayName = rac1guestOS = rhel4priority.grabbed = normalpriority.ungrabbed = normaldisk.locking = FALSEdiskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = 0scsi1.sharedBus = virtualscsi1.present = TRUEscsi1:0.present = TRUEscsi1:0.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageocfs2disk.vmdkscsi1:0

4、.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:0.deviceType = diskscsi1:1.present = TRUEscsi1:1.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageasmdisk1.vmdkscsi1:1.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:1.deviceType = diskscsi1:2.present = TRUEscsi1:2.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageasmdisk2.vmdkscsi1:2.mode = independent-persiste

5、ntscsi1:2.deviceType = diskscsi1:3.present = TRUEscsi1:3.fileName = D:vmracsharedstorageasmdisk3.vmdkscsi1:3.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:3.deviceType = diskscsi1.virtualDev = lsilogicide1:0.autodetect = TRUEfloppy0.present = FALSEEthernet1.present = TRUEEthernet1.connectionType = hostonlyLINU

6、X as 的安装：操作系统安装步骤省略。安装虚拟机步骤和安装单机ORACLE步骤相同。主要是在设置网卡的时候略有不同：注意第一块网卡ETH0 为本机的真实IP，可以设置第一块网卡的IP：01 mask （注意网段）第二块网卡 ETH1为私有IP，做privip。可以设置第二块网卡IP： 1 mask 配置操作系统：创建用户组、用户及安装文件夹（以root用户执行下列操作）# groupadd oinstall# groupadd dba# mkdir -p /export/home/oracle /u01# useradd -d /export/home/oracle -g oinstall

7、-G dba oracle# chown oracle:dba /export/home/oracle /u01# passwd oracleNew Password:Re-enter new Password:passwd: password successfully changed for oracle修改oracle用户的环境变量（此处注意用户为oracle，如果以root用户修改必须修改 oracle 用户 home 目录下的 .bash_profile）添加如下内容：export PS1=/bin/hostname -s- export ORACLE_SID=devdb1export

8、 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/crs_1export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/libexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATHumask 022创建目录结构：用oracle用户执行以下操作rac1- mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin rac1- mkdir

9、-p $ORACLE_HOMErac1- mkdir -p $ORA_CRS_HOMErac1- mkdir -p /u01/oradata/devdb修改oracle用户的shell限制，使用root用户修改 /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536安装oracle软件所需要的程序包，此处安装和单机环境需要的软件包相同，故省略。修改系统内核参数，在./etc/sysctl.conf中添加如下内容（r

10、oot用户修改）kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000net.core.rmem_default = 1048576net.core.rmem_max = 1048576net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144注意：在生产环境中kernel.sem

11、的值不能小于SGA-target的值。修改/etc/host （root用户执行修改） localhost71 node172 node281 node1-vip82 node2-vip1 node1-priv2 node2-priv配置 hangcheck timer 内核模块（root用户执行修改）修改：/etc/modprobe.conf 添加如下内容options hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180磁盘分区：（root用户执行）分别将sdb、sdc、sdd、sde执行下列操作# fdisk /dev/sdbCom

12、mand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-512, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-512, default 512):Using default value 512Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!C

13、alling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.安装ASM程序包：（root用户执行）oracleasm-support-2.0.3-2oracleasm-2.6.9-.1.ELsmp-2.0.3-2oracleasmlib-2.0.2-1上面的软件包可以到oracle官网下载下载时注意和操作系统版本想对应，安装时注意安装顺序。裸磁盘映射：（root用户执行）修改/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 添加如下内容：/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdc1/dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdd1/dev/r

14、aw/raw3 /dev/sde1/dev/raw/raw4 /dev/sdb1原始设备在引导时会重新映射。默认情况下，在引导时原始设备的拥有者将更改为 root 用户。如果拥有者不是 oracle 用户，则 ASM 在访问共享分区时会出现问题。/etc/udev/permissions.d/50-udev.permissions # raw devicesram*:root:disk:0660#raw/*:root:disk:0660raw/*:oracle:dba:0660修改裸设备的权限：# chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw1-4# chmod 660 /dev

15、/raw/raw1-4oracle用户执行以下操作node1- ln -sf /dev/raw/raw1 /u01/oradata/devdb/asmdisk1node1- ln -sf /dev/raw/raw2 /u01/oradata/devdb/asmdisk2node1- ln -sf /dev/raw/raw3 /u01/oradata/devdb/asmdisk3配置第二个虚拟机：关闭虚拟机电源，将node1目录下的所有文件拷贝到已创建的node2目录下注意：不要对共享磁盘所在文件夹SRT下的文件做任何操作拷贝完成后打开第二个虚拟机修改一下内容：修改节点2的网卡eth0的IP地址

16、为：72 mask Eth1的ip地址为：2 mask 修改主机名为：node2修改etc/hosts：添加 localhost（如果存在则无需添加）做完上述修改后，重启网络服务，service network restart 然后打开第一个虚拟机建立节点一和节点二oracle用户的等效性（此处oracle用户执行）要建立用户等效性，请在两个节点上以 oracle 用户身份生成用户的公钥和私钥。打开 rac1 的电源，在这两个节点上执行以下任务。在 rac1 上执行 rac1- mkdir /.sshrac1- chmod 700 /.sshrac1- ssh-keygen -t rsaGen

17、erating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle

18、/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:87:54:4f:92:ba:ed:7b:51:5d:1d:59:5b:f9:44:da:b6 oraclerac1- ssh-keygen -t dsaGenerating public/private dsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:You

19、r identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:31:76:96:e6:fc:b7:25:04:fd:70:42:04:1f:fc:9a:26 oracle在 rac2 上执行 rac2- mkdir /.sshrac2- chmod 700 /.sshrac2- ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating pub

20、lic/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rs

21、a.pub.The key fingerprint is:29:5a:35:ac:0a:03:2c:38:22:3c:95:5d:68:aa:56:66 oraclerac2- ssh-keygen -t dsaGenerating public/private dsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identific

22、ation has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:4c:b2:5a:8d:56:0f:dc:7b:bc:e0:cd:3b:8e:b9:5c:7c oracle在 rac1 上执行 rac1- cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub /.ssh/authorized_keysrac1- cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pub /.ssh/autho

23、rized_keysrac1- ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub /.ssh/authorized_keysThe authenticity of host rac2 (32) cant be established.RSA key fingerprint is 63:d3:52:d4:4d:e2:cb:ac:8d:4a:66:9f:f1:ab:28:1f.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added rac2,32 (RSA) to the l

24、ist of known hosts.oraclerac2s password:rac1- ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pub /.ssh/authorized_keysoraclerac2s password:rac1- scp /.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:/.ssh/authorized_keysoraclerac2s password:authorized_keys 100% 1716 1.7KB/s 00:00在每个节点上测试连接。验证当您再次运行以下命令时，系统是否不提示您输入口令。 ssh rac1 datessh rac2 dat

25、essh rac1-priv datessh rac2-priv date安装clusterware1、将clusterware.zip上传到节点一2、使用oracle用户登录图形界面，执行：upzip clusterware.zip3、执行完毕后执行./runInstaller4、弹出欢迎界面后，直接点击NEXT5、编制目录为/u01/app/oraInvemory，此处默认即可不需要修改。点击下一步6、ORACrs10g_home的路径要和ORA_CRS_HOME的路径对应，应该为/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1,如果默认路径为/u01/app/or

26、acle/product/10.2.0/db_1则安装后文件比较混乱，完成后点击下一步。7、此处为系统安装前的检查，如果出现系统内存验证无法通过则可以忽略，如果是其他警告则要根据提示进行修改。完成后点击下一步。8、添加节点NODE2，按照NODE1进行添加，完成后点击下一步。9、修改网卡EHT0作为公共接口。完成点击下一步10、通过手工指定OCR disk的路径 /dev/raw/raw1 ，完成后点击下一步11、通过手工指定vote disk的路径 /dev/raw/raw2 ，完成后点击下一步12、点击Installer进行安装。13、安装完毕后会提示运行四个脚本，此处的脚本注意必须以ro

27、ot用户运行，要按照循序运行，不要同时运行脚本。完成后点击OK14、此时会弹出一个错误警告，此错误是由于VIP没有指定造成的。暂时不要关闭窗口，到node2使用root用户执行/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/vipca弹出VIP界面后点击下一步选择eth0，点击下一步在node1中输入81 然后按tab键会自动补齐剩下的内容。点击下一步这里会创建VIP资源并启动。完成后退出。使用crsctl check crs检查CRS是否启动：node2- crsctl check crsCSS appears healthyCRS appears heal

28、thyEVM appears healthy使用crs_stat v t命令查看CRS状态：node1- crs_stat -t -vName Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host -ora.devdb.db application 0/1 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.b1.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.b2.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLIN

29、E ONLINE node1 ora.E1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.node1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.node1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.node1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1 ora.SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.E2.lsnr applica

30、tion 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.node2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.node2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2 ora.node2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2安装 Oracle 数据库 下载后，在 rac1 上以 oracle 用户身份执行rac1- /u01/staging/database/runInstaller欢迎页面：单击 Next。 选择安装类型： 选择 Enterprise Edition。指定 Home 详细内容：路径：/u01/app/oracle/pro