2022暑假仁爱版英语八年级下册 专题一 名词 讲义（无答案）

1、专题一 名词【考点展示】分清可数名词和不可数名词可数名词复数的变法不可数名词的量化掌握名词所有格的用法【知识梳理】 一、名词的分类二 可数名词由单数变成复数，其变形分成规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化一般情况下加-s, 如 map- maps以-s, -x,-sh,-ch 结尾的加-es, 如 match- matches以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es, 如 knife- knives, scarf- scarves，leaf- leaves以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，先变 y 为 i，再加-es, 如 country- countries以-o 结尾的名词,

2、 如果是有生命的，复数加-es, 如 hero- heroes, tomato- tomatoes, potato- potatoes; 如果是无生命的，复数加-s,如 radio- radios, photo -photos不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母：man- men, woman- women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose- geese, mouse- mice, Englishman-Englishmen（例外 German-Germans）词尾加(r)en , 如 child- children单复数相同，如 sheep- sheep,deer-

3、deer, fish-fish, Chinese- Chinese, Japanese- Japanese只有复数形式的名词，如 pants, shorts,clothes,glasses, scissors,chopsticks巧学妙记巧记不规则变化：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）好友（people）来聚会，绵羊（sheep）鹿（deer）鱼（fish）把家回。男士（man）女士（woman）a 变 e,牙脚双 o 变双 e；孩子们（child）想去天安门，原形后面 r、e、n；老鼠（mouse）本来爱大米（rice），mice,ice 和 rice。巧记 f/fe 结尾的名词变

4、复数：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌；躲在架后（shelf）保己（self）命（life），半片（half）树叶（leaf）遮目光。三 不可数名词初中阶段常见的不可数名词类别例词食物food, rice, meat, beef, bread, salt, soup, water, milk, tea, coffee, wine自然Fire, grass,ice, light, rain, snow, wind材料Cotton, gold, paper, plastic, silk抽象advice, courage, failure, fear

5、, friendship, fun, help, information, kindness,knowledge, luck ,love, pleasure, power, progress, time, trouble, trust, truth不可数名词量的表示表示具体的量的时候，用“数词/冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”，常见的计量名词有 piece, bag, glass, bottle, cup, bowl 等如：a bowl of water, two cups of tea表示不定数量时，用 much，(a) little, a lot of, some 等词修饰可数名词和不可

6、数名词易混点归纳名词可数不可数chicken鸡鸡肉time次数，倍数时间fish鱼鱼肉room房间空间noise响声闹声paper报纸，文件纸experience经历经验glass玻璃杯玻璃orange橙子橙子汁work作品工作四 名词所有格名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系。所有格分两种，一是由名词词尾加s 构成，如 the teachers room二是由介词 of 加名词构成，如 a leg of a table类别构成方法举例有生命的单数名词加 sthe boys father有生命的复数名词以 s 结尾加the teachers room不以 s 结尾加sthe childrens t

7、oys表示时间、距离、国家等的名词单数加san hours walk复数以 s 结尾加 three days meeting表示几个人共同拥有在最后一个名词后加 sMike and Johns desk表示每个人各自拥有在每个名词后加 sMikes and Johns desks 所有格的构成：3.注意：s还 可以 表示“ 某人家”、“某店铺”“诊所”等处所，如 at LiLeis 在李雷家，at the chemists 在药店。 of 所有格 ：表示无生命的名词的所属关系时，要用 of 所有格表示。如 the legs of the chair 椅子的腿；the cover of the

8、book 书的封面；the name of the hill 小山的名字。 双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：of + 名词s 如 a photo of my brothers 我弟弟的一张照片of + 名词性物主代词，如 a new friend of mine 我的一个新朋友双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同，如a photo of Marys 照片是属于玛丽的，但照片上的人不一定是玛丽；a photo of Mary 照片上的人是玛丽本人【专项强化】一、单选The TV show Letters Alive brings back peoples of writing to each

9、 other.A. ideasB. hobbiesC. stylesD. memoriesMy uncle keeps many on the farm. And I often help him feed them.A. cowB. horseC. pigD. sheepDid the policeman give much on how to protect personal information?A. noteB.tipC. adviceD.book 4I wonder if you are made a decision on the project, Eric.-Not yet.

10、I cant make it until I have first-hand on prices.A.newsB.knowledgeC.informationD.education5What a good you have given me ! Thanks a lot.-My pleasure.A. informationB.newsC. suggestionD.advice 6Its dangerous to drive after drinking.-Thats true. It can increase the of traffic accidents.A. riskB.stressC

11、. safetyD.advantage 7How far is your home from the train station ?-Its about 20 walk.A. minuteB.minutesC. minutesD.minutesToday is September 10th.Its Day . Lets say “Thank you” to our teacher.A. TeachersB.TeachersC.TeachersD.the Teachers 9How time flies ! It is two since we met last.-So it is .I mis

12、s you so much.A. monthsB. monthesC. monthsD. months mothers work in St.Marys hospital.A. Jim and BobB. Jims and BobsC. Jim and BobsD. Jims and Bob 11Who is the woman under the tree ?- She is aunt.A. Jim and BobsB. Jims and BobsC. Jims and BobD. Jim and Bob 12.The online shop sells shoes at a very lo

13、w price.A. child and mensB. children and mensC. childrens and menD. childrens and mens13Are you thirsty ?- Yes. Please give us .A.three bottle waterB. three bottle of waterC. three bottles of waterD. three bottles of watersThere are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are

14、.A. mens teachersB. man teachersC.men teacherD. men teachers 15.Some visited the Great Wall last week.A.AmericanB.GermanyC. EnglandD.Japanese二、 用词的适当形式来填空1. three (banana)2. some (advice)3. most (boy) lions of (tourist) 5.several (room)left6.among many other (girl)7.a few (member)8.a pair of (shoe)9.one of the best (shop)10.these (picture)on t