英文疾病介绍Hypertension高血压病

1、英文疾病介绍Hypertension高血压病What Is Hypertension?Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).22020/12/1DiagnosisLead toHypertension高血压systolic blood pressure140diastolic blood pressure 90Either of themDanger Zonesystolic blood pressure120d

2、iastolic blood pressure 80Both of themNormal blood pressure正常血压范围A warning signIf your BP are 120/80 or higherbut below 140/90It is calledPre-hypertension高血压前期32020/12/1HypertensionEssential Hypertension 原发性高血压（高血压病）9095%Secondary Hypertension继发性高血压 510%primary or essential hypertension: high blood

3、pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause. Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物). Classification Of HypertensionPrimary or Essential Hypertension Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓进性高血压 Malignant

4、Hypertension (Accelerated Hypertension)恶性/急进性高血压42020/12/1Chronic kidney diseaseHyperparathyroidism(happrardzm)renal artery stenosis(stnss)birth control pills,diet pills,cold medications,Migraine(magren) Medications.PregnancyDisorders of the adrenal glandSecondary Hypertension肾上腺功能紊乱慢性肾疾病甲状旁腺功能亢进症肾动

5、脉狭窄避孕丸、节食丸、感冒药、偏头痛药孕妇52020/12/1Causes Of HypertensionGenes（遗传因素）Diet（膳食因素）Social And Mental Condition（社会心理应激因素）Stress（压力）Anger（愤怒）Frightened（惊吓）Others（其它因素）Obesity（bi:sti:肥胖症）Smoke（吸烟）Older Age（老龄）Inactivity（缺乏锻炼）Race（种族）62020/12/1Who is at risk?Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are m

6、ore likely to have high blood pressure including:African Americans(more sensitive to salt)People over age 55 People with a family history of high blood pressure72020/12/1Who is at risk?Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:Are overweight Eat foods high in salt Do not get regul

7、ar exercise Smoke Drink alcohol heavilyUnder Stress,anger,frightened or sad in a long time82020/12/1Hypertension SymptomsHigh blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没有外在症状长达数年).In fact, one in five people with the condition don

8、t know they have it. Internally(nt:nl,在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. Its a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).92020/12/1Pathological Changes(病变)Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚102020/

9、12/1Primary granular(grnjl,颗粒状的) atrophy(trfi:,萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩肾）：with clearly recognizable granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物)Arteriolar(:tiriul,小动脉的) nephrosclerosis(nefrsklirusis)（细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动脉性肾硬化). Nodular(ndjul)(结节性)112020/12/1hypertensi

10、ve cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）：Internal capsule(内囊) or Basal ganglia(beisl li,基底神经节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块代替).Hypertensive retinopathy(retinpi,视网膜病变) （高血压性视网膜病变）122020/12/1Complications(并发症)When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:Bleeding from the aorta(e:t,主动脉出血), the

11、 large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen(bdmn), pelvis(pelvs), and legs(给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾疾病)Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)Stroke(中风/脑卒中)Problems with your vision(视觉障碍)132020/12/1TreatmentThe DASH Diet - Dietary App

12、roaches(饮食疗法) to Stop Hypertension - involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), low-fat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食). Exercise 142020/12/1Medications: Diuretics(dajuretk) (利尿药) Beta-blocker

13、s(-阻断剂) ACE Inhibitors(nhbt(r) (血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂) ARBs (肾上腺素能受体结合剂) Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)Complementary Therapies（erpi补充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜伽）, tai chi（太极）, and deep breathing（深呼吸） also help. 152020/12/1PreventionAdults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly.Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure.Exercise often. Eat foods low in salt. Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level. Do not smoke. Limit alcohol. 世界高