高考英语动词的时态和语态语法精讲精练学生版

1、第七讲动词的时态和语态动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出 四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主 要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。二主獭硼趟酿英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的有十一种。见下表：时态名称构 成一般现在时do/does,(连系动词 is/am/are )一般过去时did,(连系动词 was/were )一般将来时will/shall do is/am/are going to do is/am/are(about)to do现在进行时is/am/are doing过去进行时was/were

2、 doing将来进行时will be doing现在完成时has/have done过去完成时had done将来完成时will/shall have done现在完成进行时has/have been doing过去将来时would/should do was/were going to do was/were(about)to do二、主要时态的基本用法和重点点击（一）一般现在时基本用法.表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用行为动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other.表示客观事实或普遍真理（不受主句时态的限制

3、）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.重点点击I.表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，只用一般现在时；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。if引导的条件状语从.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由句中有时可以用 shall或will表意愿，不表示时态；I ll go there after I finish my work.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,m

4、y family will be pleased.以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes. 她来了。（二）一般过去时基本用法.过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。.表达过去发生的动作We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。重点点击.有些动词如：think, want, plan等用在一般过去时中常常

5、译为“原来认为/以为，原来想,原计划”。I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt.我原以为这部电影是很有趣的，但是事实并非如此。.考生有时用现在完成时代替一般过去时Hello, I you were in London. How long here?A. don t know; were you B. hadn t known; are youC. haven t known; areD. didn t know; have you been【解析】非常容易误选 Bo其实答案为 D,因为“didn t know”强调的是见面前不知

6、道， 即指过去不知道。（三）一般将来时基本用法1.表示将来的动作和存在的状态The first time we ll send you with an experienced reporter.第次我们要派有经验的记者陪同你一起去。2,表示一种倾向或习惯性动作Oil will float on water.油会浮在水面上。Crops will die without water,没有水庄稼会死亡重点点击一般将来时几种特殊表达形式的区别.be going to :表示打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事I am going to visit my friend in hospital.我将去看望住

7、在医院的朋友。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来好象要下雨了。.be about to :表示即时的将来。一般不与时间状语连用Now ladies and gentleman, you re about to hear the most incredible tale.女士们，先生们，你们马上就要听到一个难以置信的故事。.be to :可用来表示计划、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令；（表示可能）会做，可能；必定会发生或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规则Their daughter is to get married soon.他们的女儿可能不久就要结婚了

8、。（四）现在进行时基本用法1,表示现在正在进行的动作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.现在正下着大雨， 因止匕我们必须呆在家里。2,表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday,这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。重点点击现在进行时与always, often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩Why are always forgetting his name?为啥你总是记他的名字呢?（五）过去进行时基本用法1,表示按计划安排即将发生的动作My fath

9、er is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天整天他者B在准备他的演讲。.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV.我在写东西而他在看电视。.表示过去将来动作He said she was arriving the next.day.他说他将在第二天至 U达。重点点击考生有时用现在完成时或用一般过去时代

10、替过去进行时。一Hey, look where you are going!Oh, I m terribly sorry.A. Im not noticing.B. I wasn t noticing.C. I haven t noticed.D. I don t notice.【解析】非常容易误选Co其实答案为Bo因为对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情，应该用过去进行时。 He a book about China last year, but I don t know i f he it.A. wrote; has finishedB. was writing; has

11、 finishedC. was writing; had finishedD. wrote; will finish【解析】非常容易误选A。其实答案为B。从I don t know if he has finished it 推断，他去年一直在写，应该用过去进行时。（六）将来进行时基本用法.表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.他明天来我家的时候，我将正在写报告。.表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来I think that she will be w

12、orking on this experiment until next morning.我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。.表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测Stop the child or he will be falling over.拦住那孩子，不然他会摔下去的。重点点击将来进行时和一般将来时的区别.一般将来时不仅表示“将来”，还含有“意志、意愿”等的意思I ll try my best to hard work at English.我将尽全力努力学习英语。（含意愿的意思）I ll be studying English next term.下学期我将学习英语。（表示单纯的将来）

13、.跟一般将来时连用的时间状语比较模糊，而跟进来进行时连用的时间状语非常具体I ll write a letter to my father tomorrow.我明天要给父亲写信。I ll be writing a letter to my father this time tomorrow.明天这个时候，我会给父亲写信的。（七）现在完成时基本用法表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report.我已经完成了这个报告。She has cleaned the room.她已经打扫干净了这个房间。重点点击.表示从过去开始，持续到现在的

14、动作或状态，往往和“ for. ”，“since. ”表述的一 段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years.他学英语已经六年了。They have worked here since they left college.他们大学毕业以后就在这里工作。.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）用have/has been to ，表示到某地去了（还未 回来）用have/has gone to ”。Where is Li Hua?一李华在哪里？一He has gone to the reading-room.-他去阅览室了。She knows a lot abo

15、ut Shanghai.一关于上海，她懂很多。一She has been there.她去过那里。短 暂 动 词 （即 瞬 间 动 词）， 如：join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要翻译他已参军已经三年了”。不能说：He has joined the army for three years.而要用以下三种方法：ago 法： He joined the army three years ago.延

16、续法： He has been in the army for three years.“since 法“：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.（八）过去完成时基本用法表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.Everything had been all right up till this morning.在那狗走过来之前，他已将门关上了。直到今天上午为止，一切都正常。重点点击1.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完

17、成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.个英语单词了。He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.一个星期了。2.常用 hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose的希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.比赛的。十岁的时候，他已经学了 500我们知道的时候，他已经病了等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现我们本期望你能赢得这场（

18、九）将来完成时基本用法用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和语连用。by短语，when, before引起的时间状We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.到这学期结束时为止，我们将会完成高中第二册书。重点点击.在时间、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成的动作Tell me what you think about the film when you have seen it.你看完这部电影之后告诉我你对它的意见。.与by the end of引导的时间状语从句连用时要看“

19、 of”后面的名词所表示的时间概念来 决定是用将来完成时还是用过去完成时。We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term.到这学期结束时为止，我们将学会2000英语单词。（十）现在完成进行时基本用法用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继续下去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00

20、.8点以来，他一直在做这些数学题。重点点击现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较.现在完成时着重表示动作的结果I have read that book.我读过那本书了。（知道那本书的内容）.着重表示过去发生的动作持续到现在还将继续下去-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. havepainted【解析】答案为 Co强调动作从过去到现在的延续，可能还将继续下去。（H）过去将来时基本用法相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作

21、或存在的状态。He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。重点点击would do（表示过去的习惯）总是，总会，常常。He would sit silent for hours.他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。三、动词的被动语态（一）被动语态的构成形式被动语态构成一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时shall/will be done过去将来时should/would be done现在进行时a

22、m/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done将来完成时will/would have been done含有情态动词的can/must/may be done（二）被动语态使用注意点.主动表示被动的几种情况不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook,lock, wash 等。This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切。These books sell well. 这些书好卖。T

23、he pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动 look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out 等。The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。这花闻起来很不错。The flower smells wonderful.The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证明时真的。

24、Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。主语+need/want/require 表示需要被的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。（参看第八讲非谓语动词）The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这车需要修理。be worth doing表示某事值得去做。（参看第八讲非谓语动词）The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得一游。.常见没有被动语态的动词（短语）leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,

25、lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong to,take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, lose heartThe Second World War broke out in 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于 1939 年。Our class consists of 50 students. 我们班由 50 个学生组成。.常用被动语态的固定句型It is believed/said /reported/hoped/supposed that

26、们认为据信 /据说/据报道/人们希望/人It must be pointed out that必须指出It is generally considered that 一般认为It is well known that 大家都知道It must be admitted that 必须承认考点1考查现在时态对一般现在时的考查As you can see, the number of cars on our roadsrising these days.A. was keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping【解析】The father as well as chil

27、drenevery Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. aregoing【解析】 This machine.It hasn t worked for years.A. didn t workB. wasn t workingC. doesn t workD.isn t working Months ago we sailedtenthousand miles acr oss thisopen sea, whichthe Pacific,and we met no storms.A. was calledB. is calle

28、dC. had been calledD. hasbeen called Look at the timetable. Hurry up!Flight 4026 _off at 18:20.A. takesB. tookC. will be takenD.has taken We have to carry it on,A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is一What would you do if it tomorrow?since we ve got everything ready.raining Send my regards to your lovely w

29、ife when youhome.A. wroteB. will writeC. have writtenD.write对现在进行时的考查一FJ? 川1 四二河F joh o-fors?A. waitedC. have waitedD. am waitingyour seat belts. The plane Ladies and gentlemen, please fastenA. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. tookoff【解析】 Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stop

30、ped ringing.People toask how I am going to spend the money.A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. arephoning【解析】对现在完成时的考查一I。川.hiiik 三kMd acc-up. ikril Yes, we should, for we such bad luck up till now, and time out. A. have had; is runningh hid;三 rL：niing C. have; has been run D.have had; has been ru

31、n【解析】Although medical science control over severaldangerous diseases, whatworries us is that some of them are returning.A. achievedB. has achieved C. will achieveD.hadachieved【解析】Dannyhard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD.worked【解析】 So far this

32、year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A. sawBh EEgC. had seenD. haveseen 【解析】 一 you him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have; shownB. Do; showC. Had; shownD. Did;show【解析】对现在完成进行时的考查一I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. Hefor

33、 it for months.is preparingwits preparinghad been preparingD.has been preparing一I have got a headache.- No wonder. Youin front of that computer too long.A. workare workinghave been workingD.worked I won t tell the student the answer to the math problem until heon it formore than an hour.A. has been

34、working B. will have worked C. will have been workingD.had worked考点2考查过去时态He对一般过去时的考查football regularly for many years when he was young.was playingplayedhas playedhad played T Judy is going to marry the sailor shein Rome last year.A. meetsE. me：C. has metD. would meetThe play had alreadybeen on for

35、 quitesome time when weatthe NewTheatre.A. have arrivedB. arrivedC. had arrived D. arrive,but I couldn t get through. Her对过去进行时的考查 I called Hannah many times yesterday eveningbrother on the phoneall the time!A. was talkingE. Ir” MenC. has talkedD.talked【解析】The telephone , but by the r.rrr? T got ild

36、ocir, i r.A. had rungE. g riiJUih；C. ringsD.has rung【解析】 Ialong the street looking for a place to park when the accident . A. went; was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was going; had occurred【解析】一It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh, don t mention it. I _past y

37、our house anyway. （ 2007 北京卷）A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come【解析】对过去完成时的考查The moment I got home, I found I 呼 jacket on thu playgrouniJ.A. had left|j.C. have leftD. wasleaving【解析】一Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he did. He his old friends for a long time.A. didn

38、t seeB. wouldn t see C. hasn t seenD.hadn t seen【解析】They became friends again that day. Until then, they to each other for nearly two years.didn t speakhadn t spokenhaven t spokenD.haven t been speaking【解析】 John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week,spent $3,000 more than hefor the weddi

39、ng.A. will planB. has planned C. would planD.hadplanned【解析】考点3g考查将来时态对一般将来时的考查一 leave at the end of this month. I don t think you should do that until another job.A. Im going to; you d foundB. Im going to; you ve foundC. I ll; you ll findD. I ll; you d find【解析】一What are you going to do this afternoo

40、n?I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film quite early, so weto the bookstore after that.A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finished; are goingD.finishes; go【解析】 Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane.A. takes offB. is taking off C. has taken offD.took off【解

41、析】一Are you still busy? Yes, I my work, and it won t take long .A. just finish B. am just finishingC. have just finishedD. am just going to finish对将来完成时的考查By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD.left对过去将来时的考查I一Tom, you didn t come t

42、o the party last night?,but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had todidn twas going toD. wouldn tIn a room above the store,where a party,some workers were busilysettingthe table.A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. isbeing held对进来进行时的考查一Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will

43、 you? Why that early? Iwill be sleepinghave slepthave been sleepingD.will sleep一Could you meet me at the airport?I d like to , but I m afraid Ia very important meeting when youreturn.A. will have attendedB. was attending C.am attendingD. will be attending考点4时态与语态混合考查对于各种时态的被动语态形式的考查，解题时都可以分两步进行：一是根据

44、上下文或所给时间判断时态；二是根据该动词与主语之间的关系判断语态。many times on the radio.A. taughtha.vc taughtare taughtD.havebeentaught I got caught in the rain and my suitA. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD.had been ruined If Newton livedtoday, he would be surpriseby whatinscienceandtechnology.A. had discoveredB. had b

45、een discovered C.has discoveredD.hasbeen discovered一What s that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machineA. was testedH, wi 11 be restedC. is being testedD.hasbeentested一I don t suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested andnow.A. has been question

46、ed B. is being questionedC. is questioningD.has questionedHeas a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country inthe Olympics.A. regardedwas re gardedhas regardedD.hadbeen I like these English songs and theyto become a world championregarded When he turned professional at the age of

47、 11,Mikeby his coach and parents.A. expectedwas expectingwas expected D.wouldbe expectedA. has been reached At the endof the meeting, it was announced that an agreementB. had been reached C. has reached D. had,some workers were busily settingreached In a room above the store, where a partythe table.

48、A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. willbeheldD. is being held一Your jobopen for your return. Thanks.will be keptwill keephad keptD.hadbeen kept考点5动词的及物不及物不及物动没有被动语态Why don t you put the meat in the fridge? Itwillfresh forseveraldays.A. be stayedB. stayC. be stayingD.havestayed2009 年1.（全国卷 I）His sist

49、er left home in 1998, and since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC. had not heard ofD. has not heard of【答案】【解析】2.（全国卷 I）Edward, you play so well. But Iyou played the piano.didn t knowhadn t knownC.don t knowD.haven t known3.（全国卷 II）Progressso far very good and we are sure that the wor

50、k willbe finished on time.A. washad beenhas beenwill be4.（北京卷）Scientists have many theories about how the universeinto being.A. camewas cominghad comewould come5.（北京卷） The way the guestsin the hotel influenced their evaluation of theservice.A. treatedwere treatedwould treatD.would be treatedtime we6

51、. （d匕京卷） When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by theup, her voice had been full of life.A. were hanging B. had hungC. hungD. would hang7. （d匕京卷） John was given the same suitcasehis father and grandfatherwith themto school.A. tookhad takenwere taking D. would take【答案】 【解析

52、】.（上海卷）Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets out.A. would sellB. had soldC. have sold D. wasselling 【答案】 【解析】.（上海卷）During the period of recent terrorist activities, people not totouch and unattended bag.A. had always been warnedB. were always being warnedC. are always warnin

53、gD. always warned【答案】 【解析】.（天津卷）My parents in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never livedanywhere else.A. liveB. livedC. were livingD. willlive 【答案】 【解析】.（重庆卷）She stared at the painting, wondering where she it. A. sawB. has seen C. sees D. had seen【答案】 【解析】.（天津卷）一I ve got to go now.Must you

54、? I you could stay for dinner with us.A. thinkB. thoughtC. have thoughtD. amtothinking 【答案】 【解析】.（天津卷） Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the futurethe well-educated.A. belongsB. is belongedC. is belongingD. willbe belonged【答案】【解析】.（安徽卷） Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this

55、 time next week.A. are enjoyingB. are to enjoyC. will enjoy D. willbe enjoying【答案】【解析】.（福建卷） Why does the Lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water . A. have pollutedB. is being pollutedC. has been pollutedD.have been polluted【答案】【解析】.（福建卷）According to the literary review, Shakespeare h

56、is charities live through their language in his plays.A. will make B. had madeC. was making D. makes【答案】【解析】.（湖南卷） Would you please keep silent? The weather report and I wantto listen.A. is broadcastB. is being broadcast C. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast【答案】【解析】.（湖南卷） The food here is nice

57、enough.-My friend me a right place.A. introducesB. introducedC. had introducedD.was introducing【答案】【解析】.（江苏卷） The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. aregrowing【答案】【解析】.（江苏卷）- Ann is in hospital

58、. Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her.A. didn t; am going toB. don t; wouldC. don t; willD. didnt; will【答案】【解析】. （江 苏卷） Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry. .A. It s repairedB. It has been repairedC. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired【答案】【解析】.（江西卷） A

59、t present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airportthat it will going a lot jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were【答案】【解析】.（江西卷）- What is the price of petrol these days. -Oh, it sharplysince last month.A. is raisedB. has risenC. has arisen D. isincreased【解析】.（江西卷）- Do you want a

60、lift home?It s very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock.A. doesn t go off B. won t gone C. wasn t going offD.didn t go on【答案】【解析】.（辽宁卷）Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair all day. Couldyou speak to her now?A. phones B. has p