考研英语词组(名词性、形容词性和副词性词组)课件

1、考研英语基础语法英语词组（名词性、形容词性和副词性词组）谓语动词Verb时间状态一般进行完成完成进行过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时谓语动词时间状态一般进行完成完成进行过去didwas/were doinghad donehad beendoing现在do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has donehas/have been doing将来will dowill be doingwill have

2、donewill have beendoing过去将来would dowouldbedoingwouldhavedonewouldhave beendoing谓语动词谓语动词状态：完成时态I had notlearnt any knowledgeof grammarbeforeI took CET-6.在考六级以前，我从来没学过任何语法知识。Next year ,I will havelearnt English for 18years.到明年，我就已经学了18年英语了。过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作已经发生之前已经完成的动作。 简而言之，过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。形式：

3、had +动词的过去分词 He had already been to NY earlier in this week. She did not go to bed until she had finished her work. At that time we had not done it. The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war. She told me she had not enjoyed the film, but I decided to go and see it all the same.过去

4、完成时 He had already been to NY earlier in this week.他在一周前就已经去过纽约了。 She did not go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到完成了所有工作后才上床睡觉。 At that time we had not done it. 直到那时我们还没做到。 The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war. She told me she had not enjoyed the film, but I decide

5、d to go and see it all the same.表示较早的过去，即某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。过去完成时常见的时 间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last)或者由when, before等 引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语， 也会有for或since构成的时间状语。过去完成时过去完成时 They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.The woman had

6、 left before he realized she was a cheat.The patient had died when the doctor arrived.He had already gone when I arrived.After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly.By last May I had not seen her since 1993. They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.在老师进来前，他

7、们已经清理完了教室。The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.在他意识到她是个骗子前，这个女人已经离开了。The patient had died when the doctor arrived.在医生来之前，病人已经去世了。He had already gone when I arrived.我到达前他已经走了。After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly.在我们着陆后，飞机就被彻底的搜查了一遍。By last May I had not seen her sin

8、ce 1993. 到去年五月为止，我从1993年起就没见过她。过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中，表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去动作 的用法，一般主句中使用了realize, know, think, suppose, guess, find, discover, remember, forget等动词的一般过去式，如果宾语从句中的动作 先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时。 We realized we had lost our way.我们才意识到我们已经迷路了。He knew he had met her before.他知道他曾经见过她。过去完成时 强调过去动作的完成。I

9、began collecting stamps in May, and by November I had collected more than 2000.我在五月的时候开始收集邮票，到十一月为止，我已经收集了超过2000个邮票了。将来完成时表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作或状态。形式：wil/shall + have+ 动词的过去分词 I shall have done it by next week.我将在下周之前完成这件事。 I shall have completed my report by Friday. 我将在周五前完成我的报告。 The snow will have disa

10、ppeared before the end of February.在二月底前雪就会完全消失的。将来完成时表示将来某一个时刻已经完成的动作，一般要用一个表示将来时间的词， 如by引导的介词短语，或when，before引导的状语从句。 Iwill have finished thejob by that time. 到那时我将会完成我的工作。 By the year of 2015, thepopulation here will have risen to over 20 million.到2015年，那里的人口将会增长到超过2000万。 By the year of 2050, Chin

11、a will have become a modern and powerful country.到2050年，中国将会变成一个现代化强国。将来完成时表示将来某一时间内持续发生的动作。 He will have reorganized the company in about half a year.他将在未来的半年内重组公司。 We will have been married 25 years on this July.到今年七月，我们就结婚25年了。将来完成时将来完成时，经常与表示完成的动词连用，比如：build，complete， finish; 此外在“believe，expect，

12、hope，suppose”等动作后，也常用 将来完成时。 I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.我希望你能在明天前改变你的想法。 Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.在今年结束前，工人们将会完成这条新路的建设。主动一般进行完成完成进行过去didwas/were doinghad done现在do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has done 仅作了解将来will dowill be doingwill have

13、done过去将来仅作了解时态我打你.I beatyou.你被我打了顿。You are beatenby me.“把”字句“被”字句以示“客观”语态Sheis lovedbyall the children.所有的孩都爱她。他被所有的孩爱着。The road is beingwidenrecently.最近我们正在加宽马路。最近这条马路正在被加宽。语态被动一般进行完成过去was/were+donewas/werebeing+donehad been+done现在am/is/are+doneam/is/are being+donehave/has been +done将来will be+donew

14、ill be+beingdonewill havebeen+done语态1、so far wenothing from him. A have been heardB did not hear C have heardD have not heardCPracticePracticein that part of the city.2、At present a new road A isbuildingB will be built C is changing D is being builtDPractice3、our citya great deal . It doesnt resembl

15、e the one of three years ago.A changesB has changed C is changing D will changeBPractice4、when Anna phoned me I had just finished my work and to take a bath.A was starting B have started C startingD will startAPracticesome very bad storms recently.5、there A isB areC have been D haveCPracticeby sever

16、al factors.6、the future price of this stock A is going to determineB will determineC will be determining D will be determinedDPractice7、the camera was invented in 19th century .at the time,professionals.most photographers A areB wereC have been D had beenBPracticewith us for three months.9、by next S

17、unday you A will have stayedB will stay C shall stayD have stayedAPracticea cigar.10、we could smell that someone A would be smokingB was smokedC had been smoking D would be smokedC进阶词法词组&短语成分地位功能性质形式主语 宾语动作发出者 动作接受者n.n.词/短语/句词/短语/句谓语表语主成分动作补充说明主语v.n.+a./a时态/语态/情态/否定 词/短语/句d.补语补充说明宾语n.+a./ad.词/短语/句定语

18、修饰限定名词a.词/短语/句状语修饰成分补充状态ad.词/短语/句同位语补充+解释n.词/短语/句词组&短语名词性短语/形容词&副词短语/非谓语词组&短语A boy个男孩名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语A boy个男孩A smart boy个机智的男孩名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语A boy个男孩A smart boy个机智的男孩A smart boywith a confidentsmile个有着信微笑的机智男孩名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语A boy个男孩A smart boy个机智的男孩A smart boywith a confidentsmile个

19、有着信微笑的机智男孩A smart boy standing in theclassroom个站在教室的机智男孩名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语A boy个男孩A smart boy个机智的男孩A smart boywith a confidentsmile个有着信微笑的机智男孩A smart boy standing in theclassroom个站在教室的机智男孩A smart boy whois standing in theclassroom个正站在教室的机智男孩A boyA smart boyA smart boy witha confident smileA smart boy

20、standingin theclassroomA smart boy whois standingin theclassroom+冠词+冠词+形容词+冠词+形容词+ 介词短语+冠词+形容词+ 分词短语+冠词+形容词+ 定语从句后置定语前置定语名词短语名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语【省略限定词】Clean water【省略前置定语】A boy【省略名词】The rich/the poor/the public名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语限定词【1】数词: one/two/three. . ; first/second【2】代词: this/that/thes

21、e/those【3】冠词: the/a/an名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语限定词【1】数词: one/two/three. . ; first/second【2】代词: this/that/these/those【3】冠词: the/a/an名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语限定词【1】数词: one/two/three. . ; first/second【2】代词: this/that/these/thosethe特指a/an 数量一个 “无“泛指，类指【3】冠词: the/a/an 名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语前置定语【1】形容词&多个形容词并列【2】名词所有格名词性短语及其“延展”名

22、词性短语前置定语【1】形容词&多个形容词并列【2】名词所有格蒂姆的包 彼得的手表 玛丽的猪20公里的距离中文对应：A的 BTims bag Peters watch Marys pigTwenty kilometers distance的（所有）名词所有格蒂姆的包 彼得的手表 玛丽的猪20公里的距离中文对应：A的 BTims bag Peters watch Marys pigTwenty kilometers distance的（所有）名词所有格AsB(A通常为人，或距离)名词性短语及其“延展”名词性短语限定词：数词、代词、冠词前置定语：常为形容词或多个形容词并列 &名词所有格名词：单个名词

23、或名词并列后置定语：介词短语/不定式/分词短语/形容词性短语/定语从句多个形容词并列名词所有格介词短语复合形容词短语black or white, youngandoldAsB/ B of ATims bag/ doorof thehouse【prep.+n.性短语】outlookonvalue outlook on world outlook on life【a.+a.=a.】The mistake typical of the beginners of English形容词性短语多个形容词并列形容词性短语【EG1 】This was not a terrorist attack again

24、st the mighty and the powerfulIt was aimed at ordinary, working-class Londoners, blackand white, Muslim and Christian, Hindu and Jew,youngand old.【EG2】A man approached the ofcial, timid and hesitant.【EG3】All countries, large or small, should be equal.多个形容词并列形容词性短语那有很多，不论男少，坐在个个 狭窄的空间中。【翻译】多个形容词并列形容词

25、性短语【翻译】那有很多，不论男少，坐在个个 狭窄的空间中。thereareahostofpeople-old and young,men and women-sitting within narrow spaces.多个形容词并列形容词性短语【2009年】描述：图中有很多，不论男 少，围绕着个环形区域，坐在个个狭窄的 空间中。there are a host of people - old and young, men and women - sitting within narrow spaces in a circular area.蒂姆的包 彼得的手表 玛丽的猪20公里的距离中文对应：A

26、的 BTims bag Peters watch Marys pigTwenty kilometers distance的（所有）名词所有格中文对应：A的 B祖国的花朵 国家的未来 民族的兴旺介词短语（定语）flowers of the homeland future of the country prosperity of thenation祖国的花朵 国家的未来 民族的兴旺中文对应：A的 B介词短语（定语）B of A(A通常非人）中文对应：A的 B B of A（A 非人）介词短语（定语）.的?【栗子】房子的门The doorof the house.的?【栗子】房子的门The door

27、of the house中文对应：A的 B B of A（A 非人）介词短语（定语）.的?.的?of+ A定语中文对应：A的 B B of A（A 非人）介词短语（定语）.的?The doorof the house【栗子】房子的门房子里的门？中文对应：A的 B B of A（A 非人）介词短语（定语）.的?【栗子】房子的门The doorof the house房子里的门？The doorin the house中文对应：A的 B B of A（A 非人）介词短语（定语）.的?【栗子】房子的门The doorof the house房子里的门？The doorin the house“的”=

28、prep. 介词常见介词：on/in/at/along/under/about/from/to/by/for中文对应：A的 B B of A（A 非人）介词短语（定语）.的?【栗子】房子的门The doorof the house房子里的门？The doorin the house“的”=prep. 介词常见介词：on/in/at/along/under/about/from/to/by/for中文对应：A的B B + prep. + A介词短语(A,B 均为名词）介词短语（定语）【栗子】 人生观 价值观 世界观科学发展观中文对应：A的B B + prep. + A(A,B 均为名词）介词短语

29、（定语）【栗子】 人生观 价值观 世界观介词短语（关于）人生（的）观（点）（关于）价值（的）观（点）（关于）世界（的）观（点）科学发展观 （关于）科学（的）发展（的）观（点）中文对应：A的B B + prep. + A(A,B 均为名词）介词短语（定语）【栗子】 人生观 价值观 世界观介词短语（关于）人生（的）观（点）（关于）价值（的）观（点）（关于）世界（的）观（点）outlook onlife outlook onvalue outlook onworld科学发展观 （关于）科学（的）发展（的）观（点）scientific outlook ondevelopment复合形容词词组核心原理：

30、a.+a.a.多个形容词或形容词短语；连接复合形容词词组核心原理：a.+a.a.多个形容词或形容词短语；连接【栗子】英语初学者的典型错误英语（的）初学者：beginners of English典型（的）：typical复合形容词词组核心原理：a.+a.a.多个形容词或形容词短语；连接【栗子】英语初学者的典型错误英语（的）初学者：beginners of English典型（的）：typicalThe typical mistake of the beginnersof Englishmistake typical of beginnersof EnglishpracticeVitamins

31、are organic compoundsnecessary for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including human.Vitamins are organic compounds necessary 【for the normal growth and maintenance】【of life】【 of animals】, including human.维素是（包含类在内的）动物生命的正常生长和维持所必须 的有机化合物。practiceagain and again, quickly and corr

32、ectly【ad.+ad.=ad.】He speaksEnglish slowly tohis students.多个副词并列介词短语复合副词短语【prep.+n.性短语】He run fast onhis wayhome.In thecontemporarysociety，核心(主要做状语）：ad.+ad.副词性短语非谓语动词吃饭好累。我有些事情要做。这是张由TF boys发的专辑。在校园，我记起了过去的。“谓语” 和动作有关，但不是谓语非谓语动词非谓语动词“谓语” 和动作有关，但不是谓语吃饭好累。Eating isso tiring.我有些事情要做。I have something to

33、do.这是张由TF boys发行的专辑。This isanalbum released byTF boys.走在校园，我记起了过去的。Walking in campus,Iremember the old days.非谓语动词Passing planes can be heard night and day.The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand.He bought a used car.The teacher came into the classroom, followed by five studen

34、ts.I have a lot of home work to do.I am coming to see you.Vinga.V-eda.to V1、（walk) is good form ofexercise for both young and old.5、I cant stand(work) with Jane in the same office. She justwalking2、Jacks neverwilling to alter any of his opinions.It is no usearguing(argue) with him.3、Please remain se

35、ated(seat); the winner ofthe prize will be annouced soon.accepting(accept) the decision without any4 、 It is difficult to imagine hisconsideration.workingto stoprefuse(stop) talking while she works.practice非谓语动词【做主语】To think of you makes meold.【做宾语】I cantbear to look back.【做表语】Weare all above to die

36、 at last.【做宾语补足语】I prefer him not to come.思念催。 往事不堪回。我们最终都会狗带。 我宁愿他不来。【做定语】She found no pretty dress to wear.她找不到可以穿的好看的裙【做状语】Welive to love.（目的状语） To tell youthe truth,我们为爱。 实话实说,本质：一件事性质等同于个句子或从句，故可做除谓语外的所有成分。非谓语动词句内成分性质动词不定式可做除谓语外的所有成分（=从句）n./a./ad.动名词主语，宾语，表语，同位语（名词性成分）n.现在分词定语，状语，表语，补语（形容词性成分）a

37、./ad.过去分词定语，状语，表语，补语（形容词性成分）a./ad.非谓语动词核心要义：“不定”do done doingto do形式：to do动词不定式动词不定式性质等同于个句子或从句，故可做除谓语外的所有成分。【做主语】To think of you makes mehappy.【做宾语】I cantbear to look back.【做表语】Weare all about to die at last.【做宾语补足语】I prefer him not to come.【做定语】She found a dress to wear.【做状语】Welive to love.（的状语）只要

38、去想你，我就开。 我不忍去回头看。我们最终都会狗带。 我宁愿他不要来。 她找了条裙来穿。 我们为爱。非谓语动词【做主语】 Saying is easier than doing.【做宾语】 They confessed loving each other.He left without sayingoneword.【做表语】 The best way is being real.说做容易。他们承认彼此相爱。他不发就离开了。 诚实是上策。【做定语】 sleeping-bag/walking sticks/parking lot【做状语】 Generally speaking，通常情况下来说,与普

39、通名词比较与动词不定式比较动作性I wanttodie, but Imscaredof dying.持续性,确定性本质：动(持续性，动作性）名词n.Imnotscaredof death, but Imscaredof dying.非谓语动词本质词性： 翻译特征： 现在分词做形容词【Clean water】is safe to drink.【Boiled water】is safe to drink.【That black dog】doesntbite.【A barking dog】doesntbite.过去分词做形容词非谓语动词Toys 【made in Taiwan】are much be

40、tter now.Toys 【 whichare madein Taiwan 】are muchbetter now.Children 【 living in orphanages 】 makea lot of friends. Children 【whoare living in orphanages】make a lot of friends.【woundedin war】, the soldier wassent home.【 Becausehewaswoundedin war 】,the soldier wassenthome.The pigeon,【after flying 200m

41、iles 】, wascaughtupin a net. The pigeon,【 after it flew 200miles 】, wascaughtupin a net.过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词做后置定语：ving/ved“v的n”&n与v之间是主动关系ving【EG】她天之内急剧变化的态度让我累觉不爱。分词做定语做后置定语：ving/ved“v的n”&n与v之间是主动关系ving【EG】她天之内急剧变化的态度让我累觉不爱。分词做定语做后置定语：ving/ved分词做定语“v的n”&n与v之间是主动关系ving【EG】她天之内急剧变化的态度让我累觉不爱。Her attitude

42、changing dramatically within one day has made me so tired.做后置定语：ving/ved“v的n”&n与v之间是主动关系ving【EG】配上下天的德芙更美味分词做定语做后置定语：ving/ved“v的n”&n与v之间是主动关系ving【EG】配上下雨天的德芙更美味分词做定语做后置定语：ving/ved分词做定语“v的n”&n与v之间是主动关系ving【EG】配上下雨天的德芙更美味Dove accompanied by rainy days is most romantic.做状语：ving/ved同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动

43、关系ving,主语+v【EG】无远虑必有近忧。分词做状语做状语：ving/ved分词做状语同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving,主语+v【EG】无远虑必有近忧。If a man take no thought of what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.做状语：ving/ved分词做状语同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving,主语+v【EG】无远虑必有近忧。If a man take no thought of what is distant, he will find sorrow near at

44、 hand.Taking no thought of what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.做状语：ving/ved分词做状语同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving,主语+v【EG】无远虑必有近忧。If a man take no thought of what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.Taking no thought of what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.用 法 进 阶 ： vin

45、g+用作插入语，主语， ving+, 谓语动词做状语：ving/ved分词做状语同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving,主语+v【EG】无远虑必有近忧。Taking no thought of what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.用 法 进 阶 ： ving+用作插入语，主语， ving+, 谓语动词he，taking no thought of what is distant,will find sorrow near at hand.做状语：ving/ved同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving

46、,主语+v【EG】前事不忘，后事之师。分词做状语做状语：ving/ved分词做状语同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving,主语+v【EG】前事不忘，后事之师。Not forgotten,past experience will serve as a guide for the future.做状语：ving/ved分词做状语同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving,主语+v【EG】前事不忘，后事之师。Not forgotten,past experience will serve as a guide for the future.ved+插入语=主语，【ved+

47、.】+谓语动词做状语：ving/ved分词做状语同一个主语两个动作&该主语与某一动作是主动关系ving,主语+v【EG】前事不忘，后事之师。Not forgotten,past experience will serve as a guide for the future.ved+插入语=主语，【ved+.】+谓语动词Past experience, notforgotten, will serve as a guide for the future.做状语：ving/ved分词做状语【2008】两个残疾，互相搀扶 着彼此，丢下拐杖，向远。做状语：ving/ved分词做状语【2008】两个残疾，互相搀扶 着彼此，丢下拐杖，向远。Two physically handicapped youngsters, supportingea