Unit-3-Leadership-演示文稿[232页]课件

1、Unit 3Leadership2022/7/231商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan WanwenUnit 32022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen2ContentsLead-in ActivitiesIntensive ReadingExercises GrammarSupplementary ReadingBusiness TermsLead-in Activities （听力）: 原文Task 1Task 22022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen3（听力）原文-1Wome

2、n now (1)_ more than 40 percent of employees in services such as (2)_, finance, and private equity, far more than in the past. This (3)_ is likely to continue.But few such gains are (4)_ in the leadership of professional service firms. Men continue to (5)_ the top ranks of nearly every big firm fewe

3、r than 1 percent of professional services firm CEOs are women and corporate America isnt doing much betteronly 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen4（听力）原文-2(6)_ of top earning positions in Fortune 500 companies are held by women.This gender (7)_ in the executive suites is costing firms money.

4、 Companies that fail to (8)_ and promote women to top leadership positions experience a significant drain on resources and talent. They must bring in new employees to balance the outflow of women, and they must reach deeper into the remaining ranks to fill management positions. 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四）

5、谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen5（听力）原文-3One reason why women fail to reach the top management positions of professional services firms is that they face a set of challenges not (9_ encountered by men. What strategies have the most successful women (10)_ to navigate these (11)_? To find out, we conducted (12_

6、 interviews with 19 of the most senior women in consulting, private equity and finance and asked them this question. All of them offered reflections and advice on the strategies that got them to the top of the (13)_.2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen6（听力）原文-4One conclusion is that there is

7、no (14)_ strategy. Each individual developed a set of strategies (15)_ to her career ambitions, situation and personality. Lead-in Activities （听力）: 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen7Task 1 Blank-filling (Keys)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen81. comprise2.consulting3. trend4. app

8、arent5. dominate6. 7.6%7. imbalance8. retain9. typically10. adopted11.obstacles12. in-depth13. pyramid14. magic15. tailoredTask 2 True or False -11.Considering various factors, professional business services are regarded quite suitable for working women. (T)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwe

9、n9Task 2 True or False -22.In America today, over 50 percent of females hold a degree of higher education. (F)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen10Task 2 True or False -33.In professional service firms all over the world, women account for more than 40 percent of the workforce. (F)2022/7/23商

10、务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen11Task 2 True or False -44.Gender imbalance of the workforce in a professional service firm will cost the firm much money. (F)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen12Task 2 True or False -55.Women leaders in professional service firms are 35% more than male lead

11、ers.(F)Unit 32022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen13Intensive ReadingPre-reading QuestionsDetailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen14Pre-reading Questions(1)Do you wish to rise to the leadership one day?(2)What essential qualities do you think a good leader must hav

12、e?(3)What do you know about the responsibilities of a chief executive officer?2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen15Detailed Study of the TextParagraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5Paragraph 6Paragraph 7Paragraph 82022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen16Paragraph 1The Way

13、s Chief Executive Officers Lead By Charles M. Farkas and Suzy WetlauferThere is no shortage of schools for businesspeople of every specialty: accountants, engineers, financiers, technologists, information specialists, marketers, and, of course, general2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen17Par

14、agraph 1 (Continued-1)managers, who have their choice of hundreds, if not thousands, of M.B.A. programs. But where is the school for the person in charge of getting the best results from all these members of the organization? There is no school for CEOsexcept the school of experience. Chief executiv

15、es must learn on the job how to lead a 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen18Paragraph 1 (Continued-2)company, and they must learn while every stakeholder is watching. Detailed Study of the Text 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen19Paragraph 2The CEOs job is like no other in the organ

16、ization. It is infinite. Senior executives are, by definition, ultimately responsible for every decision and action of every member of the company, including those decisions and actions of which they are not aware. CEOseven new onesare allowed few mistakes. Not2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wa

17、nwen20Paragraph 2 (Continued)surprisingly, research shows that between 35% and 50% of all CEOs are replaced within five years. That is a costly proposition for any organization, for no company can lose its leader without losing some sense, even temporarily, of its identity and direction.Detailed Stu

18、dy of the Text2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen21Paragraph 3Two years ago, our interest in the role of the CEO prompted us to begin an extensive study of how senior executives lead. Over 12 months, we interviewed 160 chief executives around the world, most of whom were running major corpor

19、ations in industries as diverse as gold mining, computers, and soft drinks. Our goal2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen22Paragraph 3 (Continued -1)was to examine the set of attitudes, activities, and behaviors that determined how those executives managed their organizations. To be honest, go

20、ing into the project we hypothesized that there might turn out to be 160 different approaches to 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen23Paragraph 3 (Continued -2)leadership. There were not. Only 5 distinct approaches emerged from our data.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PP

21、T制作：Tan Wanwen24Paragraph 4No matter where a company is located or what it makes, its CEO must develop a guiding, over-arching philosophy about how he or she can best add value. This philosophy determines the CEOs approach to leadership. Byapproach, we mean which areas of corporate policyfor example

22、, strategic planning, R&D, or2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen25Paragraph 4 (Continued -1)recruitingreceive the most attention, what kind of people and behaviors the CEO values in the organization, which decisions the CEO makes personally or delegates, and how he or she spends each day. A

23、leadership approach is a coherent, explicit style of management, not a reflection of personal style. This is a2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen26Paragraph 4 (Continued -2)critical distinction. We found that in effective companies, CEOs do not simply adopt the leadership approach that suits

24、 their personalities but instead adopt the approach that will best meet the needs of the organization and the business situation at hand. Is the industry growing explosively or is it mature?2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen27Paragraph 4 (Continued -3)How many competitors exist and how stro

25、ng are they? Does technology matter and, if so, where is it going? What are the organizations capital and human assets? What constitutes sustainable competitive advantage, and how close is the organization to achieving it? The answers to questions such as2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen28

26、Paragraph 4 (Continued -4)these determine which of the following four leadership approaches an effective CEO will adopt.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen29Paragraph 51. The Strategy Approach.CEOs who use this approach believe that their most important job is to cr

27、eate, test, and design the implementation of long-term strategy, extending in some cases into the distant future. Their position overseeing all areas of the corporation, they explain, gives them2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen30Paragraph 5 (Continued -1)the unique ability to determine the

28、ir organizations allocation of resources and optimal direction. On a day-to-day basis, they spend their time in activities intended to ascertain their organizations point of departure (the current business situation) and point of arrival (the most advantageous market position in2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四）

29、谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen31Paragraph 5 (Continued -2)the future). These CEOs devote approximately 80% of their time to matters external to the organizations operationscustomers, competitors, technological advances, and market trendsas opposed to internal matters such as hiring or control systems. It fo

30、llows, then, that they2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen32Paragraph 5 (Continued -3)tend to value employees to whom they can delegate the day-to-day operation of their organizations as well as those who possess finely tuned analytical and planning skills.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商

31、务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen33Paragraph 62. The Human-Assets Approach.In marked contrast to CEOs in the above group, human-assets CEOs strongly believe that strategy formulation belongs close to the markets, in the business units. According to these CEOs, their primary job is to impart to their

32、 organizations certain values,2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen34Paragraph 6 (Continued -1)behaviors, and attitudes by closely managing the growth and development of individuals. These executives travel constantly, spending the majority of their time in personnel-related activities such as

33、 recruiting, performance reviews, and career mapping. Their goal is to create a universe of satellite CEOs: people at2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen35Paragraph 6 (Continued -2)every level of the organization who act and make decisions as the CEO would. Not surprisingly, these executives

34、value long-term employees who consistently exhibit “company way” behaviors, as opposed to so-called mavericks, who 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen36Paragraph 6 (Continued -3)do not always adhere to organizational norms.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen

35、37Paragraph 73. The Expertise Approach.Executives who lead by using this approach believe that the CEOs most important responsibility is selecting and disseminating within the corporation an area of expertise that will be a source of competitive advantage. Their schedules show that they devote the m

36、ajority of their time2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen38Paragraph 7 (Continued -1)to activities related to the cultivation and continual improvement of the expertise, such as studying new technological research, analyzing competitors products, and meeting with engineers and customers. They

37、 often focus on designing programs, systems, and procedures, such as promotion policies and training plans2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen39Paragraph 7 (Continued -2)that reward people who acquire the expertise and share it across the borders of business units and functions. These CEOs te

38、nd to hire people who are trained in the expertise, but they also seek candidates who possess flexible minds, lack biases, and demonstrate2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen40Paragraph 7 (Continued -3)a willingness to be immersedindoctrinatedis not too strong a wordin the expertise.Detailed

39、Study of the Text2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen41Paragraph 84. The Box Approach.CEOs in this category believe that they can add the most value in their organizations by creating, communicating, and monitoring an explicit set of controlsfinancial, cultural, or boththat ensure uniform, pr

40、edictable behaviors and experiences for customers and2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen42Paragraph 8 (Continued -1)employees. CEOs who use this approach believe that their companies success depends on the ability to provide customers with a consistent and risk-free experience. As a result,

41、these executives spend their days attending to exceptions to their organizations controls, such as quarterly results that are below2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen43Paragraph 8 (Continued -2)expectations or a project that misses its deadline. In addition, they devote more time than the ot

42、her types of CEOs to developing detailed, prescriptive policies, procedures, and rewards to reinforce desired behaviors. Finally, these executives tend to value seniority within the organization, often promoting people2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen44Paragraph 8 (Continued -3)with many y

43、ears of service to the corporate team and rarely hiring top-level executives from outside the company. (1099 words)Detailed Study of the TextUnit 32022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen45Chief Executive Officer (CEO)在我国国企改革之前，公司最高领导人是总裁(President)，或者CEO。值得注意的是，CEO在中国公司，特别是国企改革之后用的较少。CEO是美国公司制度改

44、革后新出现的，首席执行官，为公司执行层的最高领导。一般情况下CEO与总裁President是一人兼任的，也有一些公司CEO手下设有President。中国公司执行层的最高首脑总裁/总经理一般都翻为president。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen46董事长在我国国企改革之后，各大央企国企都设置董事会。于是企业分为决策层与执行层。 决策层为董事会，最高领导为董事长，Chairman of the board。这是没有疑问的，比如王董事长就叫做Chairman Wang。在董事会中，执行董事叫做executive director，非执行董事

45、叫做non-executive director。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen47总经理执行层最高领导为总经理。而在中文中，总经理一词覆盖了许多不同的职位，英译过程中需要加以区别。以一个大型集团或跨国公司为例，从上到下，“总经理”的翻译方式如下： 集团总经理 President 集团直属二级公司总经理 President 集团三级及三级以下公司总经理 MD:Managing Director或者GM:General ManagerMD与GM的区别在于：MD是董事总经理，也就是说，该总经理在本公司或其他公司担任执行董事或非执行董事。GM就

46、是没有董事身份的总经理，还有办公室主任，也翻译为General Manager.2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen48“副总经理”特别要注意的是“副总经理”的翻译方法，其中存在一个误区。副总，不是简单的译为vice president，而应该是executive vice president。在国外公司制度中，VP是很小的职位，就像我们去酒吧餐馆，经常给我们散名片的那种所谓的“业务副总”一样，公司内会有很多VP。但是EVP就是真正的总经理以下的领导，一般大公司内也就三到四个EVP。如果这几个EVP还有大小之分，那么级别最高的叫Senior E

47、VP。这是很重要的，因为外事会议讲究一个平级会见。如果外方出一个EVP，而我方由于翻译的错误让对方以为出了一名VP，那会被认为是非常不尊重对方的行为，会有碍于业务的达成。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen49一组容易混淆的头衔助理总经理 assistant president 总经理助理 assistant to the president二者的区别在于: 前者是总经理，但后者是助理。平时遇到的总经理助理比较多，因此要切忌不要把“助理”译为“经理”。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen50请翻

48、译下文中涉及到的“头衔”当地时间1月1日，正在德国汉堡访问的中海集团王小龙总经理在汉堡商会总部会见了商会总裁马可波罗先生。中海集运王小虎总经理、中海集团欧洲公司总经理王小明、集团运输部总经理王小红、总经理办公室主任王小丽等相关人员陪同出席了会议。Paragraph 1 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen51infinite adj.without limits; endless; too numerous to be counted 无限的；无穷的；无数的The most amazing thing about nature is its i

49、nfinite variety.大自然最让人惊叹的是它的无限多样性。Human beings have an infinite capacity for self-deception.人类自欺的本事是无穷的。Paragraph 22022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen52replace v. -1take the place of (sb/sth) 代替, 取代（某人某事物）Robots are replacing people on assembly lines. 机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人。His deputy replaced him

50、as leader. 他的副手接替他当了领导. 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen53replace v. -2 sb/sth (with sb/sth): provide a substitute for sb/sth 更换、替换某人某事物replace a broken window (with a new one) （用新窗户）更换破了的窗户He is inefficient and must be replaced. 他不称职, 必须撤换。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen54rep

51、lace v. -3put (sth) back in its place 将（某物）放回原处replace the book on the shelf 把书放回书架上 replace the receiver, ie after telephoning 把听筒放回原处（打电话后） Paragraph 2 (Continued)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen55proposition n.(infml) matter to be dealt with; problem or task要处理的事; 问题; 任务Even among seas

52、oned mountaneers Pinnacle Ridge is considered quite a tough proposition. 即使在经验丰富的登山者中，平纳克尔峰也被认为是很难攀登的。Paragraph 2 (Continued)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen56prompt v. -1cause or incite (sb) to do sth 促使或激励（某人）做某事What prompted him to be so generous? 是什么原因使得他如此大方呢? 2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万

53、文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen57prompt v. -2inspire or cause (a feeling or an action) 激起（感情）; 唤起（行动）Her question was prompted by worries about her future. 她提出那个问题是因为她对前途十分忧虑。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen58prompt n.act of prompting or words spoken to prompt an actor, a speaker, etc （给予演员 发言者等的）提示

54、, 提词She needed an occasional prompt. 她需要不时给予提示。prompter n. person who prompts in a play 提词员2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen59prompting n. C, U (act of) urging or persuading 推动; 激励; 敦促; 驱使Despite several promptings from his parents the boy refused to apologize. 尽管那男孩的父母三番五次要他认错, 那男孩就是不听。He

55、 did it without any prompting from me. 他做这事完全不用我督促。Paragraph 32022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen60hypothesize v.believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds假设，假定，猜测To explain this, they hypothesize that galaxies must contain a great deal of missing matter which cannot be detected.为了

56、解释这一点，他们假定银河系一定包含了大量无法探测到的不明物质。Paragraph 3 (Continued -1)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen61distinct adj.-1 easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite 清楚的; 清晰的; 明显的; 明白的; 明确的The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足迹清晰易辨, 一定是不久前留下来的。I had the distinct impression that I

57、 was being watched. 我很明显地感觉到有人在监视我。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen62distinct adj.-2 (from sth) different in kind; separate 种类不同的; 分开的Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct. 尽管这些植物看起来很相似, 实际上却属于完全不同的种类。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen63distinct与dis

58、tinctive -1这一对词都是形容词，拼法也相近，但涵义不同。distinct的意思是“分明的、明了的、清楚的”（wellmarked，clearly defined or easily discernible）The photo you took in Hong Kong Cultural Centre is not distinct enough你在香港文化中心拍的那张照片不够清晰。She has a distinct pronunciation她的发音清楚。There is a distinct smell of smoke in my room我的房间里有一股明显的香烟味。2022

59、/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen64distinct与distinctive -2distinct还可用以表示“不同的、有区别的”意味。This picture is distinct from that这幅图和那幅不同。The twins have distinct personalities这对双胞胎的个性并不相同。2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen65distinct与distinctive -3distinctive的意思是“表示差别的、有特色的、特殊的”（marking or showi

60、ng a difference）。Can you find the distinctive watermarks of this stamp？你能找到这枚邮票上有明显的水纹吗？One of the distinctive features of this book is its distinct illustrations本书的特点之一就是具清楚明了的图解。Paragraph 3 (Continued -2)2022/7/23商务英语综合教程（四） 谭万文编著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen66mature adj.-1fully grown or developed mentally or