考研翻译中常见短语及英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧(共41张PPT)课件

1、1.英汉翻译的标准：忠实和通顺忠实：忠实于原文所要传达的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整而准确的表达出来，使译文读者读到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。He had words with him. Have a word with sb. /have words with sb.We shall not want for food. Want/want forEvery man cant be a doctor.对主语的部分否定常用否定式谓语All is not gold that glisters.You cant be too careful with them.He went to

2、the seaside only to be drowned.only to+不定式，常表示与主观意愿相反的客观结果They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.通顺：是指译文规范，明白易懂，没有文理不通，结构混乱，逻辑不清的现象。Historically, city life has always been among the elements which

3、form a civilization.历史上看，城市生活一直是构成文明的方面之列Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for leaning that is biologically determined “天性”论的支持者坚持，我们出生是带有某种学习能力，这种学习能力是由生物因素决定的。How can we divert her thoughts from her sad loss?我们如何能把她的思想从她悲痛的损失中引开。Many of his ideas are

4、 especially interesting to modern youth.他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣。Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.没有人能不被科学幻想小说把人带入的世界所着迷。2.英汉翻译的过程1.快速浏览文章，注意主题句和结论句，把握文章在中心思想熟悉文章主要内容2.划分句子结构，同时特别注意句中代词，惯用搭配。3.直译，即在细致分析和深入理解的基础上，用通顺的汉语表达出来，凡直译不能通顺表达的部分，可以采用意译，但必须忠实原

5、文表达的含义。4.把译文和原文逐句对照，查漏补缺，加工润色，使译文符合汉语表达习惯On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by the lack of re

6、levant information which they possessed.总的来说，得出这样的结论是有一定程度的把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够确定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比较的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具备的有关知识而被扣分。3. 研究生英语入学考试英译汉试题中常见的短语及句型1）As引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时作状语从句处理We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed.2.“In short ,a leader o

7、f the new school contends ,the scientific revolution, as we call it ,was largely the improvement and invention and use of science in innumerable directions.”2）与but构成的常考词组：anything but 根本不； nothing but 只不过是；all but 几乎，差一点；除。以外其余都是；but for 要不是； but that+从句：若不是。Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy

8、 with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind, it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.She all but fainte

9、d when she heard the news.But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time .It is no less than a scandal.1）Its all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether.Nobo

10、dy knows for sure, but most experts think it will soon be difficult to obtain sufficient electricity from these sources.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today.2）与but构成的常考词组：anything but 根本不；I cant add two and two, let alone do fr

11、actions.他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣。Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.结婚率高缩小了过去在许多在许多情况下雇主常常雇佣的单身妇女工人的来源。1）Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate

12、 responses will experience great intellectual development.Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.After their interview, he compares not their experience, but their statistics.除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则将不得不接受更多的“

13、人造食品”行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中长大，而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应能力，那么，这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。It is told that据传3）“名词，+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语，应译为“即。；或者称。”Moreover, technology includes tdchniqres, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.“,only to +动词“意为“。，结果却。”They dont ha

14、ve to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps ,that the show is disappointing.4）Not nearly (=by no means, far from) 远不The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of produ

15、cing and marketing food .5）Not so muchas与其说。不如说。Science moves forward, they say , not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as busy lif

16、estyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.6）Much less, still less引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定。I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings.He knows a little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.I did not even see him, still less shake hands with him.In old Ch

17、ina, there are hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electric industry.At that time they could not afford the ordinary comfort of ife,not to speak of luxuries.I dont know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays,

18、films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. I cant add two and two, let alone do fractions.7）No morethan和一样都不The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.There is no reason they sh

19、ould limit how much vitamin you take,any more than they can limit how much water you drink.But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.8）More A

20、 than B与其A不如BIt seems, then, that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting, and that the so-called division between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is more apparent than real.He is a man who is more brave than wise.9）More than+从句（句中有can 或could）实在不能Some of the

21、 suggestions are more than we can accept.10）More than 不仅仅They teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent inflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.11）Lessthan与其不如The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the

22、 home in the twenties century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women em

23、ployers would hire.20世纪在家庭以外雇佣已婚妇女人数的增加与其说与家务劳动机械化有关，与这些妇女闲暇时间增加有关，还不如说与妇女经济上的必要性及结婚率有关。结婚率高缩小了过去在许多在许多情况下雇主常常雇佣的单身妇女工人的来源。12）No less than简直是，实在是Its no less than blackmail to ask such a price.如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。It is no less than a scandal.这实在是一件丑闻。13）Nothing else than 完全是，实在是What the man said was nothing

24、 else than nonsense.那人讲的话完全是一派胡言。Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligent.你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奋。14）It is not thatbut that这不是说, 而是说It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the la

25、tter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必须更加准确。15）Cannottoo再也不过分.应该We cannot be too faithful to our duties.我们必须尽力终于职守。You cannot attach too much importance to the matt

26、er.你应该十分重视这件事情。16）Other than或other than 不同于，非，除了Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.提炼矿石的厂房通常不是设在采矿是的国家而设在其他国家。Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together.当这些反应物放在一起时，常发生不希望有的一些反应All

27、 parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition.除了窗户以外，房子的其他部分都完好无损。17）“the last +N.+ to 动词不定式或定语从句” 意为“最不可能的”Se would be the last person to go along with the schema.他可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。Thats the last thing I expect to do.那是我最不期望你做的事情。18）If anything（more likely; instead; rather）若要说，说起来

28、，要说有什么区别的话，甚至于还Although he had been on a diet for two months, he looks fatter, if anything.虽然他已经节食两个月了，但他甚至于更胖。That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central is central to this theory.这种理论的核心是，我们的环境和我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。.The

29、schism (division) between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century科学与人文之间的分裂在本世纪甚至于更加深了。 19）As much as 与一样多，在句中可做状语，修饰动词，也可以做定语，修饰名词Scientists generally agree that the earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years as much as it has warmed in the 20.000years s

30、ince the Ice Age.作状语休息warm up科学家一般都认为，地球气候在今后50到100年内变暖的程度将与自冰河世纪到现在的两万年内变暖的程度相同。20）Than 引导的特殊定语从句译法There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today.今天公众心目中意识到的得癌症的危险性的焦虑远远超过应有的程度。He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more wine

31、 than was good for his health.他常在小酒吧喝酒，而且喝得过量有害健康。）It is asserted that有人断言It is believed that据认为It is considered that有人认为It is reported that据报道It is supposed that据推测It is told that据传It is assumed that人们以为英汉翻译的方法和技巧 Joanna1.词义的选择a.根据词在句中的词类来选择词义Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like t

32、he law, it contributes to the common good.Like. prep. “像一样”,v.喜欢，想要 adj.相同的审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。c.有些英语名词须根据其数来选择词义After their interview, he compares not their experience, but their statistics.Experience 不可数时“经验”，可数时“经历”面试以后，他们并不比较他们的经验，而是比较他们的统计数字。Our journey by camel was quite an experience.我们

33、骑骆驼旅行正是一次难忘的经历。She all but fainted when she heard the news.Like the law, it contributes to the common good.Proceed fromto继续进行，着手，出发“天性”论的支持者坚持，我们出生是带有某种学习能力，这种学习能力是由生物因素决定的。They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps ,that the show is

34、disappointing.）It is asserted that有人断言提炼矿石的厂房通常不是设在采矿是的国家而设在其他国家。I cant add two and two, let alone do fractions.结婚率高缩小了过去在许多在许多情况下雇主常常雇佣的单身妇女工人的来源。to do sth.直译，即在细致分析和深入理解的基础上，用通顺的汉语表达出来，凡直译不能通顺表达的部分，可以采用意译，但必须忠实原文表达的含义。The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled

35、by the brain.面试以后，他们并不比较他们的经验，而是比较他们的统计数字。2.词义的引申1）Its all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether.Tiger,优质汽油；横冲直撞的司机It is all very well for sb. to do sth.,but“当然可以但”当然油箱里装满优质汽油倒是好事，但是驾驶室里坐着横冲直撞的司机就完全是另一回事3.词类的转换Until such time

36、as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”英语中有些表示知觉、情绪、欲望等心理状态的形容词，作表语时，可常转换成汉语动词，这类形容词有：able,afraid,angry,ashamed,aware,an

37、xious,careful,cautious,certain,concerned,confident,doubtful,glad,grateful,ignorant,(不知道)sorry,thankful4.增词法1）From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction.Agreement on this general goal “在总体目标上一致

38、”增加了“意见”Inaction “任何行动”前加“采取”Proceed fromto继续进行，着手，出发遗憾的是，过去我们在这个总的目标方向意见是一致的，但涉及到各个具体目标时，意见就不一致，因而也就根本没有采取什么行动。2）This（困境） will be particularly true since energy pinch（缺乏，不足） will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farm

39、ers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式继续下去了，而这种耕作方式投入少数农民就可以获得高产。增词应根据意义上、句法上和修辞上的需要而增加各种词性，以便使译文忠实，通顺。5.减词法1）Behaviorists,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages

40、that whites enjoy.相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往剥夺了白人在教育和其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。英译汉时，有些其语法功能的词常常可以不译a.作形式主语和形式宾语的itb.某些物主代词c.强调句型中的it和表示时间或地点的非人称itd.不影响主句与从句逻辑关系的连接词Nobody knows for sure, but most experts think it will soon be difficult to obtain sufficient electricity from these sources.谁也无法确知，但大多数专家认为，不需太久就难以靠这些资源提供充足的电力了。It is the uses to which television is