高中英语非谓语动词专讲专练专题辅导

1、高中英语非谓语动词专讲专练专题辅导非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。 一、动词不定式.常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式 to have done,完成被动式 to have been done 进行式 to be doing.语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成 分）。例如：主语： To master a foreign language is very important.表语： My job is to drive them to the company every day.3）宾语：Do you

2、 want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next?宾补： The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didn t notice them come in.注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to,其中let sb. do sth.变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.help （帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可

3、带to,也可不带to.即help sb.（to）do sth.5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如： Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.6）状语：in order toA.目的状语： She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.一to 注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。B.原因状语：IMm

4、 glad to see you .注：这种“be +形容词+不定式”结构，其不定 式有时也可视为宾语，如： He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.C.结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of theirhome town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。在too -to”结构中表太结果不能”,如：He is too weak to do the work.注：too之前如果有only, only too表非常、很意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如： They are only

5、too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.在“形容词/副词+ enough+不定式结构中表足以能，如：He is strong enough to do the work .复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.）,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for本身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary

6、 for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）注：当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，不用 for,而用of,如：It is kind of you to help me .（相当于 You are kind to help me .）这类形容词有 good,nice,kind,wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite （不礼貌）等。 right, wrong 既可用于 for sb. to do sth.也可用于 of sb. to do sth.例如：Its rig

7、ht/wrongg for him to do the work alone.疑问词 + 不定式：50f主语、表语或宾语。如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语） We dont know when and where to go .（宾语）.动词不定式的否定式（not to do sth.）,语法功能同不定式肯定式。.不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或 没有时间限制。例如：They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时

8、）She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如： I m sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。例如：She happe

9、ned to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式被动式， 例如： What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long. 注：关于不定式的主动式表被动义用法参见动词时态、语态一讲。一、分词.分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有： 一般主动式 doing, 一般被动式 being done, 完成主动式 having done,完成被动式 having

10、 been done.语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。3,现在分词和过去分词的区别：1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：themoving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘， a running machine 台转动的机器， a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车注：关于心理状态动词的-ing形式表主动意，-ed形式表被动意，详见该讲后的 专题。2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。 例如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed co

11、untry发达的国家.现在分词的基本用法：一般主动式用法：作定语： The sleeping child is only five years old.（ = The child who is sleeping is ）/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.（ = The girl who is writing a letter can-）The factory making TV sets is very large.（ = The factory which makes TV sets is very la

12、rge.）作表语： The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.C.作宾补：学用于 see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep 等动词之后。例如： We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house./Don t keep the students doing homework all day.注：上述动词后跟不定式作宾补表示动作的过程，而不是正在进行中的动作，而现在分词

13、作宾补则表示正在进行中的动作。例如： I heard them singing in the roomwhen I passed it.（singing 不可改为 sing） Do you often hear them sing in the room ?（sing 不 可改为singing）have sb. do sth.与 have sb. doing sth.的区另k 前者 have= let,后者 have 有时表 “keep意，有时表employ （雇用）”意。如：I ll have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。I刈have him working in my

14、 compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。Don 用 have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。D.作状语：时间状语： Reading the letter, I couldn t help thinking of my school life.原因状语：Being ill, I didn t go to school yesterday.方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.2）完成主动式用法：这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原

15、因状语用，不能作定语用。例如：Having finished her homework,she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.3) 一般被动式用法：表示正在发生的被动动作，在句中作定语或状语。例如： The car being repaired is mine.( = The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car can t be used.(= As/Because it is being repai

16、red,the car can t be used.)4)完成被动式用法：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。例如： Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.过去分词的基本用法：作定语： The stolen car was found by the police last week.作表语： The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.作宾补： You must

17、 have your hair cut.get作状语： Given more time ,we can do the work much better.独立主格结构：当分词有它自己的独立主语(不同于句子主语的名词或代词)时，则是一种独立主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。例如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.( = When the bell rang,we all stopped talking.) /There being no bus, we had to walk home .( = There was no bus ,so we ha

18、d to walk home.) 7.使用现在分词的几个注意点：(1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city. (正)(Standing = When we stood)Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen. (误)Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.(正)(Having f

19、ound=After/When they had found )Having found the cause, the experiment continued.(误)(2)短暂动词(即瞬间动词)的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knocked down 不可改为 being knocked down 或 having been knicked down)Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought 不可改为 being bought

20、或 having been bought)现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：(1)作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示 一个已发生过的被动动作或洗有ng间uw勺状态。例如：Do you see the hospitalthere?built你看见了那边那个亚侬碟造的医院吗？建好的The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa. 在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连 的洲是非洲。(句中connected无时间性)(2)作原因状语，现在分词被

21、动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：Being led( = Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.(3)作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。例如：The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.(4)作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一 般被动式或完成被动式。例如： Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式

22、。例如：Discussed(= Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at last.如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.（5）在have,get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如：I xll have my hair cut.（cut 不能改为 being cut 或 be cut）He got his watch repai

23、red.（repaired 不能改为 being repaired 或 to be repaired）（6）在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动 式作宾补。例如The speaker couldn xt make himself heard.（ 一般不说 being heard）He wanted his house painted.（一般不说 being painted）.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感

24、兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形 容词。仞0口： surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised （因）感到惊讶 的，interested （因）感到兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.She was much surprised at the surprising news.已学的心理状态动词有：astonish,bore（使厌烦）,delight,disappoint,discourage,e

25、ncourage,excite,frighten,interest,move（使感动）,please （使高兴） ,puzzle （使迷 惑）,satisfy （使满意）,surprise,shock,tire （使疲劳）,trouble,upset （使不安）,worry它们的-ing 形式多和物连用，如： The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring report（ 个 令人厌烦的报告）,a tiring walk （累人的步行）。它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl,/I Mm tired.但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形

26、式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl 一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。三、动名词.形式同现在分词，有四种。动名词的基本用法：作主语：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /it isn Mt necessary explaining to him. /It s no use waiting here.作表语： My hob

27、by （爱好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.作宾语： When he came in,we all stopped talking . /He has given up smoking. /We oftendo our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?/The boy isn t worth teaching.注有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后跟不定式。动名词作宾语含义不同。详见第 6点。作 定语

28、： This is her father Ms walking stick.3.动名词的复合结构：形式： his/him working there,Wang Dong s/Wang Dong working there语法功能：1）作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在句 首作主语时，只能用sbs的形式，此句中的 Your不可改为You。）2）作宾语：I don 勺 like his/him staying with us.） 作表语： My joy is his winning the table t

29、ennis game. （his 不能改为 him）.动名词的完成式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓 语同时发生。或在谓语之后发生的动作。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如：We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize 等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：lendingI rememberhim some money b

30、efore.having lentHe forgot . promisingme that. /After finishing his homework,he-having promisedwent out for a walk.动名词的被动式如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。例如： The problem is far from being settled.动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：I still remember being invited (代替 having been invited ) by a famou

31、s artist when I was in Shanghai.动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较作主语：多数情况两者可以互换。例如： Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe.Talking is easy and doing is difficult. = To talk is easy and to do isdifficult.(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：It took him two hours to finish the work.To be a scientist is his desire

32、 (愿望)(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：Getting up early is a good habit.作宾语：(1)有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有： begin, start, continue, love, prefer 等。(2)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语， 主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse,decide.(3)有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy,escape, consider, cant help, adm

33、it, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off (延迟)= delay, suggest.feel like, look forward to,devote to(doing),be worth.(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop,mean, try, want, need, require, go onA.forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事= forget having done sth. = forget to ha

34、vedone sth.B.remember to do sth. t己住要做某事remember doing sth. t己住做过某事C.regret to do sth.遗憾(要)做某事 regret doing sth.懊悔做了某事D.stop to do sth.停下(原事)去做某事(不定式作目的状语)stop doing sth.停止做某事E.mean to do sth.决意/打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味/表明做某事F.try to do sth.努力/设法去做某事try doing sth.试图/尝试用某一方法做某事G.want/need/require to d

35、o sth.要/想做某事want/need/require dong.需要/想要被一H.go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事 go on doing sth.继续做相同的事.使用现在分词的几个注意点：(1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city. (正)(Standing = When we stood)Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be s

36、een. (误)Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.(正)(Having found =After/When they had found )Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（误）（2）短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：He saw the old man knocked down by the car.（knicked down不可改为 being knockeddown 或 having being knicked down）

37、Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?（bought 不可改为 being bought 或 having been bought）现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：（5）作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：Do you see the hospitalbeingbuiltbuilt there?你看见了那边那个套U造的 医院吗?-建好的The continent connected with A

38、sia at the Suez Canal is Africa. 在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连 的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）（6）作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：Being led（ = Led ）by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.（7）作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去动词。例如：The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.（8）作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式

39、或完成被动式。例如： Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：Discussed（= Having been discussed）many times, the problem was settled at last.如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.（5）在have,get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动

40、式作宾补。例如：I xll have my hair cut.（cut 不能改为 being cut 或 be cut）He got his watch repaired.（repaired 不能改为 being repaired 或 to be repaired）（6）在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动 式作宾补。例如The speaker couldn & make himself heard.（ 一般不说 being heard）He wanted his house painted.（一般不说 being pain

41、ted）.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形 容词。仞0口：surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised （因）感到惊讶的，interested （因）感到兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.She was much surprised at th

42、e surprising news.已学的心理状态动词有：astonish,bore（使厌烦）,delight,disappoint,discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move（使感动）,please （使高兴），puzzle （使迷惑）,satisfy （使满意）,surprise,shock,tire （使疲劳）,trouble,upset （使不安）,worry它们的-ing 形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting.a boring report（个令人厌烦的报告）,a tiring wal

43、k （累人的步行）。它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl,I xm tired.但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl 一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice,她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。非谓语动词考点分析The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C,did xt include women players until1919.(NMET)A.fi

44、rst playingB.to be first playedC.first playedD.to be first playing析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D;因B选项表“将要被举行”意， 不合题干之用，只有 C选项(相当于 which was first played )才合用。European football is played in 80 countries,it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET) A.makingB.makesC.madeD.to make析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表

45、目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有 A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。Little Jim should love to the theatre this evening.(NMET)A.to be taken B.to takeC.being taken D.taking析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为 AoJohn was ma

46、de the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET)A.to washB.washingC.washD.to be washing析：根据 be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为 A。The patient was warned oily food after the operation.(NMET)A.to eat not B.eating notC.not to eat D.not eating析：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth句式，可排除 B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A,而定C

47、。I usually go there by train.Why not by boat for a change?(NMET)A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为tryto go,则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方 尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。a reply,he decided to write again.(NMET)A.Not receivingB.Receiving no

48、tC.Not having receivedD.Having not received析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选 C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.(NMET)A.to inventB.inventingC.to have invented D.having mvented 析：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”,而表“认为，这时consi

49、der后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有 C表“发明了” 意，才合题用，故选 CoMost of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A.invitedB.to inviteC.being invited D.had been invited析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词who,也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有 A.invited( =who werei

50、nvited)才是正确答案。The murderer was brought in,with his hands behind his back.(NMET)A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑” ，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有 D 项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句：He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。非谓语动词专练.more attention,the trees could have grown

51、better.A.To giveB.Having given C.GivenD.Giving.The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came outD.having writtenD.playingD.Losingin the 16th century.A.to be written B.writtenC.being written.The missing boys were last seen near the river.A.to playB.playC.to be playingn thought,h

52、e almost ran into the car in front of him.A.To loseB.LostC.Having lost.When passing me he pretended me.A.to seeB.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen.The children insisted there on foot.A.they goingB.they would go C.on their goingD.going.He still remembers to Shanghai when he was ve

53、ry young.A.takingB.being taken C.takenD.having taken.the railway station,we had a break,only the train had left.A.Arriving at;to findB.Coming to;discovering thatC.On arriving at;finding outD.Hurrying to;to have found out.With the boy the way,we had no trouble the way to ZhongshanPark.A.leading;findi

54、ng;leadingB.to lead;found;to leadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led.these pictures,I couldn xt help thinking of those days when I was in Being and from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks morebeautiful.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen.I can hardly imagine Pet

55、er across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)A.to have sailed B.to sailC.sailingD.sail12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air againstyour face.(MET)A.movedB.movingC.movesD.to move13.is known to all,China will be an and powerful country in 20 or30 years time. A.That;adv

56、ancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing.While shopping,people sometimes can 勺 help into buying something theydon t really need. A.persuadeB.persuadingC.being persuaded D.be persuaded.There was terrible noise the sudden burst of light.(MET)A.followedB.followingC.to be followed D.being fol

57、lowed.Please excuse my in without.A.come;permittedB.coming;permittedC.comimg;being permittedD.to come;being permitted.his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting then.A.Holding;being heldB.Held;holdingC.Having held;heldD.Held;to be held.Did you hear her this pop song this ti

58、me the other day?Yes,and I heard this song in English.A.sing;singing B.sung;sungC.sung;singing D.singing;sung.The question now at the meeting is not the question yesterday.A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;had discussedC.being discussed;discussedD.discussing;discussing.With the cooking,I went on som

59、e sewing.A.done;to doB.being done;doingC.to be done;doingD.to have done;doing21.It is no use your past mistakes.A.regretting B.regretC.to regretD.regretted22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing to her,only her fivechildren.A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving23.I am v

60、ery busy.I have a very difficult problem.A.to workB.to work outC.to be worked outD.to work it outwould appreciate back this affernoon.(NMET)A.you to call B.you callC.your calling D.you re calling25.Climbing mountains was,so we all felt.A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired26.I