高中英语汉译英专项练习集

1、王峨以编“灿烂在六月”系列丛书百家专题突破 高中英语专项精炼与详析一一高考制胜必备Chinese-EnglishTraslations上海百家出版社编者说明上海市英语高考从1998年起设立汉译英题型，迄今已十多年。作为高考项 目同时也是上海市高中英语课程标准的重要内容，它对中学英语教学提出了特定要求，学生在听说读写的基础上应具备初步的汉译英能力，这一能力也是写好作文的基础。从此，高中英语教学便与汉译英形影不离， 书面译句也滚雪球般层出 不穷、浩如烟海。然而，无论是面对平时测验或高考，同学们的普遍反映是：难 以把握，轻易失分。其之所以然，根本原因固然在于学生未在整个学习过程中打 下扎实的语法词汇

2、基本功，但从另一角度来看，学生的翻译思路亟待明确，对译 旬的操练性选择也务必有的放矢，追求实效。本书的基本编纂思路是：编写以适应高考需求为主和牛津英语教材同步练 习为辅的汉译英习题，使之起到既可有效面对高考，又能夯实日常基础的作用。 因此，这本书除主要面对高三学生外，对高一、二学生也完全适用。本书从分析上海市历年考题着眼，首先力图找寻出各类题例的共同规律， 即 从汉英对比的呈现形式来看，高考主要考查学生对于某些重点句式和重点词法的 运用，考查对固定词组和常用搭配的掌握情况和灵活翻译能力。在客观分析高考 试题的基础上并根据教材的要求，本书根据有关句法词法内容编选例句，着重帮 助同学们解决句子的基

3、本框架结构问题，而有的内容如作状语用的分词译法等则 从略；再根据最新高考英语词汇手册中常用的词组和搭配编题，并适当配以少量成语、谚语，着重帮助同学们解决准确使用语言原材料问题。最后部分牛津教材同步汉译英练习则兼顾了日常分级训练要求。为方便同学们进行有效训练，译句下面留出一定译文书写空间；各题例汉字 量较少，难度适中，以集中解决语言点问题，提高正确率和自信心；提供历年高考汉译英真题及参考答案以便于查对与记诵；不少真题还按分类编入了练习。 为了突出重难点，有的译文有重复现象。练习答案用粗体标出提示词，对有明显 不同译法处提供多种参考译文及作适当讲解，并在句前用*号标出。为了练习的实用性，答案可以分

4、开使用。本书错漏之处在所难免，敬请指正,谢您惠助。 HYPERLINK mailto:fhaoyc fhaoyc（请根据实际情况更改页码）目录 TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document 一、历年高考汉译英题例分析及应试策略 1 HYPERLINK l bookmark12 o Current Document 历年高考汉译英概况 .1 HYPERLINK l bookmark20 o Current Document 相关句式、词法考核点分析及应试策略 .2 HYPERLINK l bookmark56 o Current

5、Document 英语词汇常用搭配考核点分析及应试策略 .4 HYPERLINK l bookmark102 o Current Document 汉英成语、谚语互译考核点分析及应试策略 .6 HYPERLINK l bookmark116 o Current Document 二、历年高考汉译英全真题及答案汇编 7 HYPERLINK l bookmark392 o Current Document 复合句、典型句式、含非谓语动词等句子汉译英练习 16 HYPERLINK l bookmark432 o Current Document 含高考词汇手册典型词组搭配的句子汉译英练习 .29 H

6、YPERLINK l bookmark478 o Current Document 五、精选实用成语、谚语汉英对译.48高考汉译英模拟题 .53牛津英语教材（高一-高三）各课同步汉译英练习 .71八、练习答案.97一.历年高考汉译英题例分析及应试策略（一） 历年高考汉译英概况首先我们通过表格方式浏览一下历年高考汉译英的概况。上海市历年（ 1998-2011）高考汉译英相关数据一览表（注）内 容句数汉 字 数分值相关句式 及相关词法固定词组 及常用搭配汉语成语 及谚 语单词及其它1998 年6851537无（略）1999 年6117203912000 春610820412无2000 秋61122

7、031012001 春6103204912001 秋596155722002 春591156412002 秋51021557无2003 春580152622003 秋5104154532004 春51011531222004 秋590152932005 春5100152912005 秋6105203812006 春694205812006 秋6102203712007 春61062048无2007 秋693201812008 春684201712008 秋6108206812009 春691204512009 秋61102048/2010 春699204822010 秋59120410无201

8、1 春5962035无2011 秋510120410无注：第四、五两栏的数据统计仅供参考。前三栏统计显示，多年来上海市高考汉译英题型总体相对稳定并形成自身特色，汉字数大约控制在90110之间。从考核点来看，高考汉译英着重于两个方面：相关句式、词法以 及固定词组、常用搭配，包括少数成语谚语等（鉴于对实用性的考虑，本表格不作词性分析）。汉译英所考查的是学生英语学习的综合运用能力，在上述两大考核点的背后是语法和词汇的海洋。正因如此，汉译英成了英语高考最难的题型，对词汇学生尤感防不胜防。各类译句、模拟题出得越多，学生感到难度越大。为了给浩如烟海的汉译英练习找出规律，使学生 具备相应的汉译英能力，我们应

9、设法先找出能较有效涵盖上述两方面的强化操练途径，其相应的题例可能应该是：一、能够反映上海市英语高考历来重点强调的一些相关句法和词法，二、能按照最新高考词汇内容优选相关词汇常用搭配。这也正是本书编篆的宗旨。因此，我们在举笔操练之前，应对历年高考这两个基本考核点进行分析，做到胸中有数。（二）相关句式、词法考核点分析及应试策略在历年上海市高考汉译英全部句子中，相关的重点句式和词法的考核是大量的。这里需要特别指出的是，所谓的高考重点，是指出现频率高或有相对难度的内容。在统计过程中， 这里也沿用一般高考考核点分析方法，某些能一蹴而就的内容未将其列为重要考核点，比如（that）后引导的宾语从句等等。本着这

10、一惯例或出发点，现列出历年相关的较重要句式和词 法考核点，分述如下。.相关考核句式.定语从句用法the days we spent （2000）; - the scientists who .（2000 春）；he who plays with fire （2001）;He who doesn reach .（2002 春）; - for those who haven t been to （2003）; cooperate with those who always stick to （2004）;upsets his parents who are （2006）; the electron

11、ic produsts the students are talking about（2008）; （which is） located near a school （2009 春）;Those who follow the fasion （2010 春）.状语从句用法so that he can buy （1998）;Once you form a bad habit （2000）; So long as you concentrate （2000 春）；We will before we draw （2001）; unless the team members （2002）; Howeve

12、r late it is,（2002 春）；- is so attractive that I cant bear -（2003）; Soon after he entered （2005）; He didn ;t realize until he was sent （2005 春）；Although she lived .（2005 春）;as my old one is still （2006）; Every time I ask her （2006 春）;When（we are ） in difficulty （2007 春）；when you are not in the room.（

13、2007）; No matter how hard the rain falls（2007） ; as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.（2008 春）； before the performance ended/was over （2008 春）;Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster（2008）;as long as we don t lose heart（2008）; because the school life is colourful（2009 春）;were- - surpri

14、sed that he had left （2010 春）；When he saw Grandma-（2010 秋）;People didnt come to until they （2011 春）；- since she went abroad （2011 秋）.以“It”起句的句式It is known to all that （1998）; It is said that （2001）; It never occurred to me that（2002）;It is reported/said that （2007 春）；It was three days later that she

15、 remembered leaving （2009）; It is said that （2011 春）. “what ”引导的主/宾语从句put off what must be done （2002 春）；to apply what they have learned （2002）; - for what you have just done.（2004）; understand what - talking about （2006 春）;what we need is （2007 春）.倒装句Never before has our country been so （2001）; So

16、naughty is the child that he （2006）;No longer has she kept in touch with （2011 秋）.同位语从句There is no doubt that （2009 春）.被动语态 safety cant be ignored（2002 春）； city has been discovered （2001）; should first be trained（2000）; nothing can be done/achieved（2000）; Students should beencouraged- （2002）; Nobel

17、Prizes are awarded （2000 春）；until he was sent to （2005 春）; The dishes are well cooked（2006）; will have to be put off（2007 春）； paintings have been preserved- （2008 春）；Young people should be encouraged to（2008）;A film will be made（2009）; We were greatly surprised that （2010 春）；once the conclusion of t

18、he investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public （2010 秋）；The （super）highway to Nanjing is/ was/has been closed （2011 春）；It is said that Chinese （2011 春）.相关考核词法.不定式用法1）以“ it”为形式主语或形式宾语的用法People find it harder and harder to keep （1998）; it is convenient to do shopping （2001 春）;it is the

19、 duty of to protect .（2000 春）;its very hard for those who to（2003）; I find it （is） hard to（2004）; Is it time for you to play （2008）; Is it possible for you to attend（2008）; It is necessary to read English （ 2009 春）;- find it hard to communicate （2010 春） 2）不定式作状语- in order to reduce the cost（s）（1998）

20、; do our best to carry out （2000 春） have been to to describe its beauty（2003）; - too complicated to explain （2004）; To keep fit,（2006）; be sure to pay attention to （2006）;to make the city more beautiful.（2010 春）;- did his best to help the students- （2011 春）3）不定式其他用法are awarded to be scientists- （200

21、0 春）；ways to avoid （2003）; had no choice but to turn to（2002）;fail to understand- （2006）; enables/enabled to （2007 春）；not tobut to- （2007 春）；Chinese started to use notes - （2011 春）；People didnt come to realize（2011 春）；efficiency is likely to improve （2011）.动名词用法）动名词作主语用法Making full use of time doesn

22、 t mean （1999）; Washing hands often is one of （2003）; It is pleasant lying on the grass and enjoying （2006 春）； working with the gardeners（2007 春）; traveling broadens ones mind （2009 春）： Drinking only a cup of coffee （2009）; remember leaving/having left her raincoat （2009） 2）动名词作宾语用法mean keeping （on）

23、 reading- （1999）; regretting missing the chance- （2001 春）;avoid being infected by diseases - （2003）; cant bear putting it down （2005）;Would you mind cleaning the window? （ 2008 春）3）介词后动名词用法grateful to for providing （1998）; the importance of observing the traffic rules （2005 春）； We are looking forwar

24、d to attending （2005）; pay attention to protecting （2006）; to prevent you from getting cold（2009 春）；- without saying goodbye.（2010 春）；- the importance of planting trees （2011 春）3.分词用法1)现在分词用法Being ignorant of the electronic products (2008 秋)；Seeing Grandma a little speepy, (2010 秋)。2)过去分词用法Compared

25、with other students,(2000 秋);- will surely get burnt (2001 秋);- buy a flat (which is ) located near (2009 春)。首先的一个问题是：多年来大量的译句中为什么分词仅有这几处？实际上，像 compared with和get burnt这类词尽管语法分析将其归为分词一类，实则平时可当作词组那样来记忆的。此外几处在学生的高考试卷中，学生在对汉语原句进行思考后，大量的 译句是通过从句来完成的，如：Being ignorant of 译成 Because I was ignorant of;Seeing

26、Grandma a little sleepy,译成 When he saw Grandma a little sleepy 。 这也是各类语法书 中所强调的英语特点。正因如此，参考译文又何妨对这类可能出现的英译像09春考那样给予两种答案。所以我们看到，尽管分词用法是教学中的极重要内容，应鼓励学生模仿 这类尤可在作文中体现的精炼表达，但在高考汉译英中用从句可能更为稳妥。基于这一 特点，本书便不专门提供分词译句操练。对于上述高考相关重点句式和词法，正因为复用率高，学生遇到这类汉译英练习应 着力熟练地、准确地掌握一般用法。对于结构较复杂、易错的内容则应进行针对性练习， 比如说被动语态用法，在汉译英

27、句式转换过程中就应加强分析。诚然，即便是对历年的高考题进行客观数据统计分析，我们也无法得出一种结论， 说以上相关句式和词法可以覆盖考生复习基本范畴，而只是说考生有理由特别注意上述 内容。因而，在重点安排上述句法词法的前提下还是有必要强调题例的系统性，这也是 我们学生较全面学好英语的需要。(三)英语词汇常用搭配考核点分析及应试策略历年上海市高考汉译英中对词汇常用搭配的考核点是极大量的，舍此往往也无法成句。 有的内容频繁出现，一则说明了这类词在语言中的活跃性，也一定程度反映了命题的词汇选择思路。为对这类考核点作统计分析，同时为方便同学们熟悉这类已考词汇，以下试列出历年基本全部考核点。1998年(约

28、7处)1) be grateful to sb. for sth.; 2) provide sb. with sth.; 3) keep up with;4) set aside;5) because of; 6) harder and harder; 7) in the near future 1999年(约9处)1) be popular with sb.; 2) according to; 3) make(full) use of sth.; 4) inform sb. of sth.; 5) substitute for- -; 6) in time; 7) from morning

29、till night; 8) many times; 9) in the past few years2000春(约12处)1) become interested in; 2) succeed in doing; 3) concentrate on sth.;4) in spite of ; 5) do one s best; 6) carry out( our plan); 7) make (great) achievements/contribution ; 8) enter the university; 9) spare time; 10) obey/ observe the tra

30、ffic rules/regulations; 11) more and more people; 12) Nobel Prizes2000秋(约10处)1) take advantage of; 2) make a trip to; 3) remind sb. of sth; 4) take up(this job); 5) form/get into a (bad) habit; 6) get rid of; 7) compared with; 8) result from; 9) in the summer camp; 10) without efforts2001春(约9处)1) go

31、 to bed; 2) get up; 3) do good to; 4) do shopping; 5) so far; 6) add up to; 7) have the habit of;8) miss the chance/opportunity of doing sth. /to do sth. 9) come to realize;2001秋(约7处)1) have a (further) discussion; 2) draw/make a (final) conclusion; 3) at the bottom of; 4) play with;5) far from sati

32、sfactory; 6) learn a lesson; 7) get burnt2002春(约4处)1) put off; 2) the Great Wall; 3) make mistakes; 4) protect the environment2002秋(约7处)1) apply - to - ;2) turn to ; 2) at that time; 4) the Students Union;5) the post office6) encourage sb. to do sth.; 7) in class2003春(约6处)1) work out; 2) on the Inte

33、rnet; 3) the Olympic Games; 4) worry about;5) do ones best6) find sth. available2003秋(约5处)1) make up ones mind; 2) connect- with ; 3) World War I; 4) put - down; 5) as (early) as possible2004春(约12处)1) look forward to; 2) take part in; 3) next week; 4) be likely to; 5) catch a cold; 6) observe the tr

34、affic regulations/rules; 7) offer sb. a hand; 8) the opening ceremony; 9) the art festival; 10) take/have physical exercise; 11) pass-test; 12) lack practice2004秋(约9处)1) group discussion 2) missed some lessons;3) catch up with; 4) apologize to sb. for sth;. 5) cooperate with; 6) because of ; 7) in a

35、 few words; 8) the people present ;9) stick to2005春(约9处)1) be at home; 2) be satisfied with; 3) with the help of: 4) succeed in 5) not at all; 6) several times; 7) feel nervous; 8) work with joint efforts; 9) solve the problem2005秋(约8处)1) do good to; 2) make an appointment with; 3) by taxi; 4) be po

36、pular with; 5) the mobile/cell phone; 6) as (soon) as possible; 7) in style; 8) the opening ceremony2006春(约8处)1) keep fit; 2) take part in; 3) talk about; 4) agree on; 5) the Huangpu River; 6) fail to do sth. 7) to ones satisfaction; 8) ask sb. for advice 2006秋(约7处)1) depend on; 2) pay attention to;

37、 3) be busy with; 4) get better and better; 5) sell well; 6) in (good) condition; 7) protect the environment2007春(约8处)1) the day before yesterday;2) sports meet/meeting ;3) put off ; 4) because of/due to;.5) keep/obey/follow traffic rules; 6) gain/obtain a lot of knowledge; 7)blame each other;8) in

38、difficulty2007秋(约8处)1) far from ;2) leave on;3) remind of;4) add to;5) keep to ;6)door-to-door visits;7) save trouble of ;8)go to hospital2008春(约7处)1) turn to sb. for help; 2) in trouble; 3) arrive in; 4) fall asleep; 5) win an award; 6) feel proud of/be full of pride; 7) be greatly amazed/impressed

39、2008秋(约8处)1) play basketball; 2) in time; 3) according to; 4) strong/good points; 5) be ignorant of; 6) find myself left behind; 7) overcome the difficulty; 8) lose heart2009春(约5处)1) read aloud; 2) prevent - from; 3) bring - with; 4) get cold; 5) broaden one s mind2009秋(约8处)1) get more and more popu

40、lar; 2) as valuable as; 3) a cup of coffee; 4) keep me awake; 5) rushto ；6) in memory of ; 7) carry out the rescue; 8)all night2010春(约8处)1) try ones best; 2) make the city more beautiful; 3) fill the big family with joy; 4) feel upset; 5) communicate with; 6) follow the fasion; 7) at great cost; 8)

41、as soon as possible2010秋(约10处)1) get up; 2) than usual; 3) on raining days; 4) drew the curtains; 5) turned the TV down; 6) at first sight; 7) in fact; 8) draw the conclusion; 9) make - known; 10) as soon as possible 2011春(约5处)1) last night; 2) due to the heavy fog; 3) do one s best; 4) in poor area

42、s; 5) a number of2011秋(约10处)1) book tickets online/on the Internet; 2) mistake for；3) look similar/alike; 4) as for;5) compare with ; 6) physical and mental health; 7) keep in touch with; 8) go ahead; 9) learning method; 10) be likely to上述内容大体可分成两类：1.固定词组，如remind - of,这类词组字典上多用粗体字等 方式标出；2.常见搭配，如solv

43、e the problem等。从汉译英命题方式来看，这类词汇搭配既 是括号内主要提示词，又是句中隐含的主要考核内容。由于词汇常用搭配在语言中最活跃且数量巨大，因而最能反映语言学习者的学习功底，需要不断的积累和磨练。 对于参加高考的考生而言， 除对所学教材等内容进行复习外，还应根据高考英语词汇手册的要求进行复习，强化记忆。这也正是本书编纂的目的之一。许多学习者的成功经验表明，短期的集中复习，反复操练，常能获得事半功倍效果。（四）汉英成语、谚语互译考核点分析及应试策略由于此类题例数量非常有限，现列出历年高考全部汉语成语、谚语及相应翻译。2000一事无成2001尽如人意2003坐失良机爱不释手.汉语

44、成语题例: nothing can be done/achieved;(be ) satisfactory;miss the good/golden chance/opportunit;弓 I 人入胜 attractive ;cant bear/stand parting with/putting (it) down ;2004 春 孤身一人，无亲无故live alone with no relative or friends ;2004 三言两语 in a few words ; 所作所为 what you have( just) done; 固执己见 stick to (their) op

45、inions ;2005春齐心协力2005舌【J目相看2006春有求必应work co-operatively/with combined efforts/joint efforts look at him with new eyes/differently;( be) always ready to help;2006心烦意乱 upset (sb.)20072008 春20082009 春2010 春2010 春挨家挨户 door-to-door人为惊叹 （be） greatly amazed/impressed无所知（be） ignorant丰富多彩（be） colourful竭尽所能 t

46、ry ones best不辞而另1J without saying goodbye.英、汉谚语题例：1999失败是成功之母。Failure is mother of success.2002玩火者必自焚。He who plays with fire will surely get burnt.2002 春 不到长城非好汉。He who doesn reach the Great Wall is not a true man.纵观全部汉译英例句，现在几乎已不再涉及谚语，这主要为其汉译英主要测试目的和有限字数所决定。为适应高考而作适当强记，也多半是由于写作文可以借鉴。而相对应用略多的成语从译文特点

47、来看大多采取意译法，即译对主要意思即可，不必追求语意精髓。10二.历年高考汉译英真题及答案汇编1998 年.我们非常感谢老师为我们提供许多好书。(grateful).众所周知，吸烟会导致多种疾病。(cause).由于粗心大意，汤姆错过了这个机会。(miss).人们发现越来越难跟上现代科学的发展。(keep up with).彼得每月留出一点钱以便在不久的将来购买一辆新汽车。(set aside)We are most grateful to our teacher for providing us with many good books.It is known to all that smo

48、king can cause many diseases.Tom has missed the chance because of his carelessness.People find it harder and harder to keep up with the development of modem science.Peter sets aside some money every month so that he can buy a new car in the near future.1999 年.这首迷人的民歌深受学生的喜爱，尤其是女学生。( popular ).据报道，19

49、98年中国很多地区发生了严重的火灾。( occur).充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。( keep).他在实验中多次失败，但他相信失败是成功之母。(fail ).你及时通知我件事，真是考虑得太周到了。( informof ).在过去的几年里，这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。( substitutefor )This charming folk song is very popular with students, especially girl students.According to the report, serious floods occurred in many par

50、ts of China in 1998.Making full use of time doesnt mean keeping (on) reading books from morning till night. (To make use of time doesnt mean to )He has failed in his experiments many times, but he believes that failure is the mother of success.You are so thoughtful in informing me of it in time.In t

51、he past few years, this factory has substituted plastic(s) for wood in order to reduce the cost(s).2000年春.进入大学以后，他对计算机很感兴趣。(become interested in).集邮几乎占据他所有的业余时间。(occupy).只要专心学习，你一定能顺利通过考试。(concentrate).越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware).尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of )11.诺贝尔奖金授予那些在某一个领域作出巨大贡献的科学家。(b

52、e awarded). After entering the university, he became interested in computer (s). Collecting stamps occupies almost all of his spare time. So long as / If you concentrate on your studies, you ll succeed in passing the examinationsMore and more people are aware that it is important to obey the traffic

53、 rules.In spite of many difficulties, we will do our best to carry out our plan.Nobel Prizes are awarded to the scientists who / that (have) made great achievements in acertain field.2000年秋.让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游.(take advantage of).这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。( remind ).假如你想从事这项工作，你必须先接受三个月的训练.(take up).你一旦养成了坏习

54、惯，改掉它是很难的。( once).同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。( compare).众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。( without )Lets take advantage of the long vacation and make a trip to Hong Kong.This photo reminds me of the days (that) we spent in the summer camp.If you want to take up this job, you should first be trained for three month

55、s.Once you form/get into a bad habit, its very difficult to get rid of/get out of it.Compared with other students, the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.As we all know, success comes/results from hard work ; without efforts nothing can be done/achieved.2001年春.早睡早起有益于健康。(do

56、good to).乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗？ ( offer).就我所知，在那座小城市里购物很方便。(as far as).他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。(regret).到目前为止，我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三千五百个。(add up to).学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱才是真朋友。(realize)Going to bed early and getting up early does good to your health.Do you have the habit of offering your seat to the old on the bus?12As far as

57、 I know, it is convenient to do shopping in that small city.He regretted missing the chance of getting the scholarship.The English words we have learned so far add up to about 3500.The students have come to realize that friendship is more important than money and that a friend in need is a friend in

58、deed.2001年秋.我们的祖国从来没象今天这样强大。（Never.）.我们将作进一步讨论，然后再作出结论。（before）.据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗迹。（discover）.这个地区的经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。（quality）.他们应从这事件中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。（burn）Never before has our country beeen so powerful as it is today.We will have a further discussion before we draw/make a final conclusion.It is sa

59、id that the site of an ancient city has been discovered at the bottom of the lakeAlthough the economy in this area is developing rapidly, the qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory.They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.2002年春.我第一次写

60、英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。（make）.保护环境是每个公民的职责。（It.这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。（realize）.不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。（put off）.许多外国游客都想去长城一游，他们知道“不到长城非好汉”。（visit）The first time I wrote an English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes.It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.The accident made us realiz