限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别教案课件

1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别第1页，共30页。区别一：形式上不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 第1页/共30页第2页，共30页。区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别）限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daug

2、hter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)第2页/共30页第3页，共30页。Discuss the difference His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man. 区别：A句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁。(说明他只有一个哥哥) B句：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解放军。(说明他还有别的哥哥) 第3页

3、/共30页第4页，共30页。All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.那里所有的书都是他写的, 书里附有漂亮的插图。(说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书) All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 那里所有附插图的书都是他写的。(暗示没有附插图的书不是他写的) 第4页/共30页第5页，共30页。区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行

4、词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。第5页/共30页第6页，共30页。区别四：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；如： I know nothing that happened last night. 昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。(修饰前面的nothing) He has made gr

5、eat progress, which made us happy. 他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴。(说明前面句子的整个内容) 第6页/共30页第7页，共30页。另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。第7页/共30页第8页，共30页。区别五：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(如引导词作宾语，the way做先行词)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。第8页/共30页第9页，共30页。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上

6、不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上 译成先行词的定语：“的” 通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上 A作宾语时可省略B可用thatC可用who 代替whom A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who 代替whom 第9页/共30页第10页，共30页。Practice A请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I

7、could depend on. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China is a country which has a long history. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 第10页/共30页第11页，共30页。Exercises A1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC解析： 定语从句中的先行词为all, no

8、ne等词时，关系代词必须用that,而不是which. 故选C。第11页/共30页第12页，共30页。2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD解析： this factory容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是This factory是句子的主语而不是先行词。所以选择D.The one 中的one 指代的是factory,作定语从句的先行词。第12页/共30页第13页，共30页。3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、wh

9、enB、whatC、whichD、whyC解析：the day是定语从句的先行词，she spent in Beijing中的动词spent是个及物动词，后接宾语，the day 作动词spent的宾语。因此选C.第13页/共30页第14页，共30页。4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD解析：题中的the school是定语从句的先行词。in +which= where , 因此选D. 试比较： This school is _ my father worked 20 y

10、ears ago.where B. the one whereC. that D. the one whichB第14页/共30页第15页，共30页。5、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、 in whichC、whatD、the oneA解析：the factory是定语从句的先行词, 用作宾语；从句we visited last year中visit是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选A.第15页/共30页第16页，共30页。6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learn

11、t in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB解析：stories是定语从句的先行词, 同时stories被最高级所修饰，因此选B.第16页/共30页第17页，共30页。1、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichBExercises B第17页/共30页第18页，共30页。2、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sente

12、nce can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA第18页/共30页第19页，共30页。3、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB第19页/共30页第20页，共30页。4、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D第20页/共30页第21页，共30页。4、I，_ you good friend, will try my best to

13、 help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D第21页/共30页第22页，共30页。5、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC第22页/共30页第23页，共30页。6、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB第23页/共30页第24页，共30页。7、His walking stick, _ he cant wal

14、k, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD第24页/共30页第25页，共30页。8、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC第25页/共30页第26页，共30页。9、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA第26页/共30页第27页，共30页。10、This is the

15、last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、which; whomC、that; whichD、which; thatC第27页/共30页第28页，共30页。1.(限) Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month.2.(非) Hangzhou is a famous city, where many people come to buy t

16、ea./ Hangzhou,where many people come to buy tea, is a famous city.3.(限) I dont know the reason why she got angry.4.(限) The old man to whom you are talking saw some Germans5.(限) The woman remembered the day when she saw 第28页/共30页第29页，共30页。6.(非) St.Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leninggrad.7.(限) I remember the soldier who told me8.