迷惘的一代文学课件

1、The lost generation literature第1页，共22页。Outline 1. a general intro 2. key words to reveal the main artistic features3.spokesmen and outstanding works4.the ending第2页，共22页。The lost generationOrigin of the term: The phrase is attributed to Gertrude stein , then popularized by Ernest Hemingway in the epi

2、graph to his novel “the sun also rises” and his memoir “a moveable feastVariously, the term is used for the period from the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression , though in the United States it is used for the generation of young people who came of age during and shortly after

3、 World War I, alternatively known as the World War I Generation. Broadly it is often used to refer to the younger literary modernist.第3页，共22页。Why they are “lost”Gertrude Stein was an avant-garde US poet living in Paris after WW1. she named the generation that came of age during the WW1 the “lost gen

4、eration”, which was quickly adopted by the world as the most accurate description of the generation that passed through the threshold of adulthood:Working, fighting or dying in the war.第4页，共22页。Trauma: physical and mentalWW1 had a HORRIFIC impact on the generation. It had greatly shattered this gene

5、rations faith in traditional values such as love,bravery,manhood and womanhoodWithout these long-held notions to rely on, they suffered great moral and psychological aimlessness. The futile search for the meaning of life in the wake of WW1 shaped this generation. In their works,they rarely mentioned

6、 the war directly, but its effects haunt everything they do and say.第5页，共22页。Artistic featuresTone : pessimistic escapist disillusioned cynical They went to Europe to fight in the name of “glory, freedom and democracy”, but what they witnessed and experienced was blood, death, dismembered human part

7、s. The brutality and absurdity of war, the dirty trick played by the involved countries and the evil essence of war made them believe that they are relentlessly fooled. Their faith and value system collapsed. 第6页，共22页。Language style : largely represented by Hemingway, the language is smooth, spare,

8、precise and seemingly direct, and always leaves a tremendous amount unsaid-understated tend to use spoken language This has a great influence on the 20th century American literature第7页，共22页。Language “迷惘的一代”在战争期间深受战争宣传的欺骗之苦，对所有崇高的字眼都弃之如敝屣：“什么神圣、光荣、牺牲这些空泛的字眼儿，我一听就害臊我可没见到什么神圣的东西，光荣的东西也没有什么光荣，至于牺牲，那就像芝加

9、哥的屠宰场，不同的是肉拿来埋掉罢了。”所以他们在文学创作时推崇文字上的简约主义。第8页，共22页。海明威更是把这种简约风格推到了极致。他采用电报式的语言，通过简约的对话和细节，用含蓄的、间接的手法暗示人物内心的戏剧性变化，而不是像传统的作法那样通过描述来铺陈人物内心。结尾也常常是戛然而止，绝不拖泥带水，也不煽情作秀，即所谓的“零度结尾”，反而赋予了作品更为震撼人心的力量。第9页，共22页。他的“冰山原则”就是他现代叙事艺术的集中体现，作家只写露在水面上的八分之一，其余的八分之七仅通过暗示留给读者去补白。这种创作原则极大地影响了他同时代及后辈作家的创作倾向。口语化成为一代人散文风格的普遍特色。第

10、10页，共22页。埃德蒙威尔逊甚至在他的文学评论中也摒弃学究字眼，选用口语词汇。亨利米勒在北回归线(一九三四)中把这种倾向推到极端，成为用粗鄙的语言来表现道德冷漠和感觉精微的迷惘特征，结果被萧伯纳骂作是“为下流而下流”(dirt for dirts sake)，难登大雅之堂。 第11页，共22页。Themes: many commonness can be found in the themes of their works.1. the disillusionment of “American Dream” the Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald2. aimlessne

11、ss and the loss of self-identity the sun also rises 3. disgustingness of war (or trauma) A farewell to arms 4. a sense of disillusionment and emptiness 荒原意识 第12页，共22页。Brand ： originality and diversityThe literature was marked as a combination of naturalism, realism and early-modernism.Pioneer and ex

12、perimental: many devices were borrowed from other artistic formsE.g from filming: Montage(蒙太奇）the Camera Eye照相机眼 Newsreel 新闻短片 代表为帕索斯The trend of modernism ：stream-of consciousness inner soliloquy 内心独白 multi-angle narrative 多视角叙述Parallelism of stories and myths 代表为福克纳Impressionism &expressionism 在巴黎

13、，受各种艺术形式的影响第13页，共22页。Spokesmen and their masterpiecesErnest Hemingway Cigar第14页，共22页。masterpiecesThe sun also rises 太阳照常升起 1926A farewell to arms 永别了，武器 1929The old man and the sea 老人与海 1952For whom the bell tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣 1940第15页，共22页。Key words of his life1899 -7-21 a conservative upper-class family

14、 ChicagoJournalist since graduation from high-schoolIn WW1 served as a ambulance driver in Italy frontHurt and hospitalized, romance with a nurseA farewell to arms inspired from this experience1919,back home, suffering psychological trauma, conflicts between his first-hand feeling (cruelty of war) a

15、nd his family and friends romanticized ideals of war1921,journalist,first marriage, European correspondent in Paris, enter into the expatriate artists circle. Reputation grewThe sun also rises was inspired by this experience the most typical description of the lost generation第16页，共22页。1927 first div

16、orce , then remarriage, more than 10 years spent in Florida, suffering from his fathers suicide, engaging in an affair which led his second divorce.1937 Spain to cover the Spanish Civil War1940 to Havana,Cuba. Published to whom the bell tolls1953 the old man and the sea won Pulitzer Prize and Nobel

17、Prize1960 plagued by health problem , severe depression ,and wild mood swing1961-7-2,woke up early ,committed suicide by plugging a gun into his mouth and triggeredBullfighting, alcohol ,cigar, hunting , fishing第17页，共22页。The sun also risesServed as a chronicle of the life of “the lost generation”Set

18、ting: Paris of France, Pamploma & Madrid of SpainTitle: “the sun also rises” originated from the Bible, “Allisvanity.Onegenerationpassethaway,andanoth-ergenerationcometh:buttheearthabidethforever.Thesunalsoariseth,andthesungoethdown,andhastethtohisplacewh-erehearose” Themes :futile seeking for the meaning of life , lost of masculinity ,castrated manhood(被阉割的男性特质）failure of communication destructiveness of sex false friendship第18页，共22页。Quo