倒装、省略、过去分词及解析

1、过去分词vs 现在分词考点精析 现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：分词有两种：现在分词 doing和过去分词 done。分词动词具有动词的特征：可以带宾语和状语构成短语。如：waiting there（动状关系）。本专题必须掌握： 动词分词的基本形式时态和语态的变化，比如一般式、完成式、被动式等。它们在句中的功能充当什么成分，特别是在某

2、些特定结构中应用哪一种动词分词。动词分词的时态与语态分词的时态与语态形式(l)现在分词有一般式与完成式，及物动词的现在分词有主动语态与被动语态，不及物动词的现在分词 没有被动语态。过去分词只有一种形式。主动语态被动语态现在分词一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done过去分词done(2)现在分词主要表示主动 动作正在进行，过去分词主要表示 被动 动作已经完成，但是不及 物动词的过去分词只表示动作完成或状态，没有被动的意思。 The man standing there is our group leader. 正站在那边的人是我们的组长(

3、主动，进行) This is the house built by my father last year. (被动，完成) 区别boiling water 正在开的水 boiled water 开水 （开过了） 注：boil vi 沸腾 试译：China is a developing country while the United States is a developed country. falling leaves和fallen leaves, the rising sun和the risen sun.(3)现在分词的一般式常表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时也可以先于或后于谓语

4、动词的动作。 The man talking with our teacher is his father. (与谓语动作同时发生) Sitting in an armchair, he told me he would go abroad. (在谓语动作之前发生) 坐在扶手椅上他对我说他将出国。 He told me he would stand by the roadside, watching the parade. 他告诉我他将站在路边，观看游行（与被修饰的从句谓语动词would stand同时发生， 都表示过去将来时间） The man rose from the ground, b

5、eating the dust off his clothes. 那个男子从地上站了起来，拍掉衣服上的尘土。（分词动作后于谓语动作）(4)现在分词的完成式表示动作先于谓语的动作发生，常用作时间状语和原因状语。 Having finished my homework, I went to bed. 我做完作业以后，就上床睡觉了。 Having met with an accident，he couldnt go to school 由于遇到意外事故，他不能上学 注：现在分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，一般用它的完成式表示。 Not having seen her before, he did n

6、ot know she was his daughter. 由于他从前从未见过她，他不知道她是他的女儿。 Having missed the bus, we had to walk home.由于误了公共汽车，我们只得走回家。相对于过去分词来讲，动词的-ing形式形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富，功能较多，最能体现英语独特的形式特征，又极易给考生带来麻烦，因此，命题人热衷于使用它们作为考查工具就不足为怪了（每年平均有2-3个题目）。不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。经典解析：The country h

7、as already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March.Ahas been launched Bhaving been launchedCbeing launched Dto be launched【正确思路】B 去年三月发射的，和主谓语动词有明显的前后差异，动作在前，故用分词完成式，所以选B。非谓语动词的句法功能及比较非谓语动词的句法功能如下表：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补分词说明：分词具有形容词和副词的特征。作表语现在分词（分词短语不能作表语）作表语表示主语的性质或特征，过去

8、分词作表语表示主语的状态。The basketball match was exciting. 令人兴奋的We are excited at the good news. (人)感到兴奋的The book is interesting. Im interested in it.考点：区别由现在分词和过去分词转化而来的形容词。注：excited vt. 使兴奋 move vt. 感动 frighten vt. 使害怕 tire vt. 使疲劳, 使厌烦surprise vt. 使吃惊 astonish vt. 使惊讶，惊愕 satisfy vt. 使满意 disappoint vt. 使失望 i

9、nterest vt使发生兴趣 please vt. 使高兴inspire vt. 鼓舞小结：修饰人的表情，眼神，眼泪，声音时，却要用-ed形式。经典解析：Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seat B. to be seated C. seatingD. seated【正确思路】D seat，坐下。当它表示形容词概念时，只有seated一种形式，故选D。若用现在分词形式和不定式形式，则需要用动词sit。作定语（非谓语动词都能作定语）(1) 区别现在分词和过去分词做定语牢记：现在分词和过去分词都可

10、以作定语，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成，但Vi的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动（即表示主动的动作已经完成）。(2)现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，它们的区别主要体现在时间上：现在分词强调正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。本例中这三种形式与（所修饰的名词）会议存在被动关系。它们都可以改成一个相应的限制性定语从句。即经典解析：The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completed B. having been completed C. comp

11、leted D. being completed【正确思路】D 过去分词在此作定语，表示被动关系，故选C。作状语(1) _ (see) from the top of the hill, we could see a beautiful city. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looked beautiful.Key: Seeing; Seen牢记：分词（短语）作状语时，常位于句首（也可位于句末），并用逗号隔开。用现在分词还是过去分词一要看分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间的主被动关系。二要看分词所表示的动作与谓语动作之间的时间先后关系。口

12、诀：主动用-ing, 被动用-ed;但被动如为完成或进行时，要用现在分词被动形式别忘记。(2)分词短语作状语表示伴随状况或方式时(分词动作对谓语动词进行补充说明)，可以改成一个并列谓语。We stood there, watching the football match.=We stood there and watched the football match.The glass fell to the ground, broken to pieces. 玻璃杯掉到地上碎了。Her husband died, leaving her three children. 他的丈夫死了，给她留下三

13、个孩子。经典解析：As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved【正确思路】B 本句里stood和asked是由and连接的并列谓语，而空是由两个逗号格开的，形式上看不是并列谓语，只能作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，故选B。作宾补(1)(有时) He had his horse running all day. 他让他的马整天跑。 （主动，持续）现在分词和过去分词都可

14、以用在“Vt.+宾语+宾补”结构中作宾补。这时我们要分析宾语和宾补之间的关系。用现在分词表示两者存在主动关系和动作正在进行（有时表示动作一直持续，常带段时间状语）；用过去分词表示存在被动关系。能用现在分词作宾补的动词常见的有see，hear，watch，notice，find, feel, smell以及keep，set，leave等。 （现在分词强调动作正在进行或一直持续）We saw him coming. 我看见他正过来。They had their lights burning all night long. 他们让灯整夜亮着。Dont leave her waiting outsid

15、e in the rain. 别让她在外面雨中等着。(使处于什么状态)(2) 以下对非谓语动词作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语列表归纳总结：注：“”为宾补范围；表格中非谓语形式序号即为说明中序号。说 明dodonedoingto do使用作宾补时，宾语为宾补动作的承受者，其余作宾补时，宾语为宾补动作的执行者let较少使用被动语态，即使用，宾补也不带tomake变为被动语态时，要加to, 的形式不变see, watch, noticeobserve, look at,hear, listen to etc.1.变为被动态时，要加to；的形式不变。2. 的区别在于：强调动作发生的全过程强调正在进行

16、have无被动语态1. 使用时，have与make同义。2. 的区别：强调动作一直持续feel1. 使用时，常为“to be ”get1. 使用时,get与have同义。2. 意为“使开始动作。”3意为“劝服而使”Mr. Smith had me find a taxi for him史密斯先生叫我给他找一辆出租车。He made me work long hours.他让我长时间做工。改为被动语态： I was made to work long hoursHe had us laughing all through the programme他在节目中，让我们自始至终笑个不停。He had

17、 his bike repaired yesterday昨天他请人修好了自行车。（表示让别人做某事）She had her wallet stolen on the bus.在公共汽车上，她的钱包被偷了。（表示遭遇）经典解析：After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call【正确思路】A非谓语动词作宾补，和前面的his mothers voice（宾语），存在逻辑主谓关系，不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词表示正在进行的

18、动作，主动含义；过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。由句意“孩子听到妈妈叫他”，可知表示主动含义， 故选A。其它考点动词分词的否定式：一律在非谓语动词前加not.Not having received his letter, I decided to write a letter to him again. (现在分词)动词分词的逻辑主语1.分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。Led by the Party，the task was finished（错）可改为：Led by the Party, we finished the task.注1: 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致

19、，那么我们往往采用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语（名词或主格代词）。Time permitting, Ill come to help you. (=If time permits, Ill come to help you.)It being very hot, we decided to go swimming. 由于天气太热，我们决定去游泳=As it is very hot, we decided to go swimming.Night falling, we hurried home. (=As night fell, we hurried home.) 天黑了，我们匆忙

20、回家。小结：独立主格=名/代+doing /done / to do / adj. / adv. /介词短词。它在语法上不是句子，通常在句中作状语，要用逗号与句子主体部分隔开。注2: He often sleeps with the window open. 他常常开着窗户睡觉。with的复合结构=with+宾+宾补（现在分词/过去分词）注意：介词with后的宾语与宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系。with的复合结构在句中可以作伴随方式状语、原因状语、时间状语等。看下面例子，注意看宾补，以及with的复合结构在句中所充当的成分。He fell asleep with the machine runnin

21、g. 机器开着，他就睡着了。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 他锁着门工作了一下午。with结构与独立主格结构有着密切联系。如果将表示原因、时间、条件的with结构中的with去掉，就可以变为独立主格结构形式。I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.=My mother being ill, I wont be able to go on holiday.注3: 某些分词短语作独立成分时，用来解释整个句子可以不受上面所讲的限制。它们已经形成固定表达，如ge

22、nerally speaking, considering everything, supposing, judging from等。如：Generally speaking, boys are bolder thin girls. 一般说来男孩比女孩胆子大些 Supposing we lose, what shall we do? 万一我们输了，我们该怎么办？ Judging from his accent, he must be from the south. 从他的口音来判断，他一定是南方人。经典解析：-Come on, please give me some ideas about t

23、he project.-Sorry. With so much work _my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【正确思路】B太多工作填充我的大脑，主(so much work)谓(fill)之间，是主动关系，故选B。如何用独立主格或分词短语改写状语从句？ （口诀两则）复习1：独立主格和分词短语都可以作状语，相当于状语从句，因此状语从句和独立主格或分词短语一般可以互相转换。Time permitting, Ill come to help you. (=If time permi

24、ts, Ill come to help you.)Given more time, I can do the job better. (=If I am given more time, I can do the job better.)复习2：在状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，可以省略从句的连词，主语和be，余下部分主动用-ing, 被动-ed。当从句是if it is possible这种结构时，可以省去it is构成if possible，意思依然清楚。When you cross the street, you must be careful.过街时，你要小心。= (Wh

25、en) crossing the street, you must be careful.When it is heated, ice will turn into water.加热时，冰会变成水。= (When) heated, ice will turn into water.注意：从句的连词也可保留，从句的意思显得更加清楚。Ill do the work by myself if (it is) possible. 如果可能，我要亲自做这个工作。 （A）主从主语皆相同，分词短语作状语，连词从主应省去。主从主语如不同，独立主格作状语，从主不省要牢记。 （B）主动用-ing, 被动用-ed;

26、但被动如为完成或进行，用现在分词被动形式忽忘记。区别动名词和现在分词二者形式完全相同，都是由动词原形加-ing构成。但是它们之间有根本的区别，它们除了都具有动词特征以外, 现在分词还具有形容词和副词特征，而动名词则具有名词特征。这种区别表现为句法功能的不同。现在分词在句中可充当定语、表语、补语（宾语补足语或主语补足语）、状语；动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语。因此，现在分词与动名词的区别方法如下：1.如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。如：Hearing the news, he got very excited. 他得知这消息后非常兴奋。(hearin

27、g 作时间状语) I saw him going upstairs. 我看到他上楼的。 (going作宾语补足语)2.如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语或同位语，那么它一定是动名词。如：Studying English is our task. 学习英语是我们的任务。 (studying作主语) He likes playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。 (playing作宾语) His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled. 他征服全世界的野心从来没有实现。 (conquering作同位语，是动名词。)

28、3.如果-ing形式在句中充当表语，-ing形式可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分方法是：如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是动名词；如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，不可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是现在分词。如：His work is repairing bikes.=Repairing bikes is his work. repairing. (repairing为动名词) The novel is interesting. (该句的表语与主语不能交换位置，interesting为现在分词。)4.如果-ing形式在句中

29、充当定语，那么它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分办法是：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑主谓关系，那么-ing形式就是现在分词；否则，-ing形式是动名词。如：a sleeping car=a car for sleeping 一节卧车 (sleep与car没有逻辑主谓关系) a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩。(sleep与boy有逻辑主谓关系)高考链接1. (2008陕西高考) The message is very important, so it is supposed _as soon as possible.A

30、. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending2. (2008陕西高考) T_around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show3. (2008辽宁高考) Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. se

31、ating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated4. (2008福建高考) _in the queue for half an hour ,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited5. (2008上海高考) After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _him.A. calling B

32、. called C. being called D. to call解析1. A 此题考点有两个，第一suppose to do sth 第二被动语态，所以答案选择A。2. A 考点是非谓语动词， we 是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和show 关系是主动，把B，C 排除，having shown 表示动作先发生，to show 表示动作没发生，根据句意答案选择A。3. B seated就坐,形容词, remain seated保持坐着,故选B.4. C 在排队等了半小时之后,老人突然意识到他把支票落在车里了,排队在意识这个动作之前,故选现在 分词的完成式.5. A 妈妈叫他的声音,声音和叫这个动

33、作是主动关系,故选现在分词。巩固练习：1. (2008华师大一附中模拟考试) Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. (2008华师大一附中模考) _ the little boy, the brave soldier kicked off his shoes and jumped into the water. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Hav

34、ing saved3. (2008武威六中诊断考试) - How do you like my new car? - I like it, but would you please _it on the road? Anot park Bnot to park Cdont park Dnot parking4. (2008武威六中诊断考试) Compared to _ in the office, Kate found it more exciting to work as a teacher. A. work B. having worked C. working D. be working

35、5. (2008学年山西省第一次月考) The time he has devoted in the past ten years _ the disabled is now considered _ of great value. Ato help; being Bto helping; to be Chelp; to be Dhelping; being6. (2007北京市海淀区期末）A driver is asked to keep his safety belt _ while driving on the freeway. Afasten Bfastening Cto fasten

36、 Dfastened7. (2007重庆市高三诊断性考试) Unfortunately, it was too late _ any taxi, so we have to walk home. A. to be B. to have been C. for there to be D. for it to be8. (2007长沙市第二次模拟考试) Some people against toll booths (收费站) argue that roads, once _, should be free. Abuilding Bbuilt Chaving built Dbeing built

37、9. （2007南昌市高三第一次调研考试）I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. Agoing on Bgoes on Cwent on Dto go on10. (2007开封市第二次质量检测) Generally speaking, the electric-bike is not dangerous as _, if _according to the instructions. Areported; ridden Breported; riding Creport; to ride Dreporting; to be ridden

38、11. (2007石家庄市模拟考试) He suddenly found the wallet he had just put in the bag _. Amissing Bmissed Cto miss Dbeing missed12. (大连市2007年次模拟试卷) -Can the project be finished as planned? -Sure. _it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. ATo have got BTo get CGetting DHaving got13. (2007年安徽省模拟卷) A

39、 3G mobile phone, _ to be most useful and fashionable, is popular with some teenagers. A. consider B. considering C. considered D .to be considered14. (2007西安地区八校联考) Sir, do you have anything_this afternoon? If there is nothing to do, I wonder if I can ask for a leave. Atyping Btyped Cto type Dto be

40、 typed15. (2007北京市朝阳区统考) _to hospital in time, the patient infected with bird flu was saved at last. ATaking BHaving taken CBeing taken DHaving been taken16. (2007上海高考)After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice_ him. A calling B called C being called D to call17. (2007湖南高考)As the l

41、ight turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ and asked myself what I was going to do. A moved B moving C to move D being moved18. (2007上海高考)The Town Hall_ in the 1880s was the most distinguished building at the time. A to be completed B having been completed C completed D being completed19. (2007江

42、西高考)He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _his lectures. A interested B interesting C interest D to interest20. (2007江苏高考)Whenever he was asked why he was late for school, he would answer carelessly, always _the same thing. A saying B said C to say D having said参考答案：

43、1. B 句中已经有谓语动词can be，而且本句是个简单句，故本题只能选用非谓语动词，如果看不出句 子结构的话，则容易误选A。句意为“通过电脑买的日常用品的价格比商店的低。”动词buy和 daily goods之间是被动关系，看不出动词与名词之间的关系，则会误选D。过去分词本身就可以 表示被动关系，不再需要been，不懂得过去分词得用法和结构，则会误选C。 2. A 句中save这个动作和kicked off his shoes and jumped in to the water这两个动作相比， save在后，表示目的，不清楚动作发生的先后顺序，则会误选C或D。救孩子是士兵的主动行为， 不

44、清楚二者之间得关系，则会误选B。3. A would please后接不定式，并不了解词组的用法，会误选C或D。而且would please后接省略不定 式符号to的不定式，没掌握这个用法，则会误选B。4. C 本句里的比较是work as a teacher和work in the office，是动词的比较，没看出这种比较的 话，则会误选A。5. B devote to doing, 其中to 是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语，没掌握该词组的用法，则会误选 A或C。consider doing sth,考虑作某事，但是consider后接be动词，则采用consider to be的形 式，

45、没有分清consider的这两个用法，则会误选D。6. D 没弄清belt和fasten之间的关系，误以为是主动关系，容易误选B；如果认为是将来的动作，容易 误选C；误以为是省略to的不定式，容易误选A。7. C 本句使用了forto do/ be以及there be句型，如果没看懂句式，则容易误选A和D；从句意看， 出来完，然后找不到出租车，动作有先后，找车在后，如果辨别不清先后动作顺序，会误选B。8. B 句中that roads, once_, should be free. that引导宾语从句，once是从属连词应该引导状 语， roads和build之间是被动关系，如果没看出这一点

46、，容易误选A；从句意看，路还没建起 来，如果动作时间性没看出来，容易误选C和D。9. A 声音继续下去，是主动关系，如果不理解这种关系，容易误选D； with结构里只能是非谓语动 词，没有掌握这个结构，则会误选B和C。10. A if条件状语从句是省略句，as (electric-bike is reported)和if (electric-bike is) ridden,都是被动的，如果不动状语从句的省略方式，看不出被动含义，容易误选B，C，D。11. A 这里主要有一个定语从句的影响，去掉定语从句，成了found the wallet _. 如果看不出这个 结构，会影响选择；the wal

47、let和miss之间是主动关系，钱包丢了。看不出这个关系，会误选 B，C，D。12. B 从主句时态看是一般将来时，看来工程还未完成，所以从句动作及时完成，也表示将来，如果分 析不出时间关系，则会误选A，C，D。13. C consider和mobile phone之间是被动关系。看不出二者关系，则容易误选A，B，D。14. D anything和type之间是被动关系,没看出来是被动关系，容易误选A和C从句中时间状语this afternoon，看应该是将来的动作，忽视时间状语，则容易误选B。15. D 意为“由于及时被送到医院，感染禽流感的病人最终获救”，从事件上看，动作发生有先后，不 比

48、较时间先后，会误选A和C；而且take和主语病人之间是被动关系，不注意这个关系，会误选 B。16. A 本题考查非谓语。Hear sb doing sth .此处是动词现在分词作hear的宾语补足语。选A。17. B moving是现在分词，做的是伴随状语。选B。18. C 本题考查过去分词。Completed 做后置定语，表示被动。选C。19. A make 此处是使役动词，过去分词interested做宾语补足语。选A。20. A 现在分词作状语，表示主动。选A。 过去分词小结 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作的被动和完成，在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 (一)作定语 1

49、前置定语：单独一个过去分词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We need more qualified teacher 我们需要更多合格的教师。2后置定语：分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如： The girl dressed in red is Marys sister 穿红衣服的女孩是玛丽的姐姐。 拓展 (1)如果被修饰的词是复合不定代词或指示代词时，虽然是一个单一的分词作定语，也要放在被修饰的名词之后。例如： There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago 自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎

50、没有什么变化。(2)有时为了强调还可将单一的分词放在被修饰的名词之后。例如： They decided to change the material used他们决定改变所用的材料。(二)作表语 1过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 例如： The door remained locked门仍然锁着。 2过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，最常见的有：delighted，disappointed，discouraged，drunk，amused，interested，satisfied等。例如： He was interested in collecting stamps 他对收集邮票感兴趣。(三

51、)作宾语补足语 过去分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，have，feel等动词后作宾语补足语，强调分词与宾语之间为被动关系。例如： I often hear the song sung in English 我常听人用英语唱这首歌。例1 It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year Afinding Bbeing found Cto find Dfound 点拨 本题考查过去分词作定语。句意为“这是到目前为止今年在因特网上发现的最可笑的事情之一”，故选D。例2 We finished

52、the run in less than half the time _ Aallowing Bto allow Callowed Dallows 点拨 本题中过去分词allowed作后置定语修饰the time，表示被动，故选C。例3 Please remain _；the winner of the prize will be announced soon Aseating Bseated Cto seat Dto be seated 点拨 此题考查过去分词作表语的用法。remain在此是系动词，故选B。（四）作状语 过去分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步或伴随等情况。这些作状语的

53、过去分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。需要特别注意的是：过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 表示时间 Seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog When it is seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog 从山顶上看，我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。 Once published，the dictionary will be very popular Once it is published，the d

54、ictionary will be very popular 一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。 拓展 有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如： When completed，this railway will link many industrial cities to a seaport 这条铁路建成后，将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。 When told to go to the teachers office，the girl began to cry 当被告知去老师办公室时，这女孩开始哭起来。表示原因 Tired out by hard

55、work，he soon fell asleep Since he was tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep 由于干重活疲劳至极，他很快就睡着了。表示条件 Given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better If we had been given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better 要是我们有更多的时间，我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。 Beaten by the op

56、posite team，the players were not discouraged Though they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged 虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。表示伴随 The professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students 教授坐在那里，许多学生围着他。 He came back，utterly exhausted 他回来时疲惫不堪。 He came to greet us，dressed as a businessm

57、an 他来迎接我们，穿得像个商人。拓展 Easier said than done说比做容易。 Once bitten，twice shy一次被咬，下次胆小。 Well begun，half done良好的开端是成功的一半。 A penny saved is a penny gained省一文等于挣一文。 A burnt child dreads the fire一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 A word spoken is past recalling一言既出，驷马难追。 The used key is always bright常用的钥匙总是闪亮的。 例1 I deally _ for Bro

58、adway theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests Alocating Bbeing located Chaving been located Dlocated 点拨 句意为“纽约公园大酒店完美地坐落于百老汇剧场和第五大街之间，是许多客人最喜欢去的地方”。locate表示“位于；坐落于”，故选D。例2 _ by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more green houses ADriven BBei

59、ng driven CTo drive DHaving driven 点拨本题考查过去分词作状语。driven表被动，意为“受到驱使”，故选A。例3 _ not to watch TV，the boy got angry ATo tell BTo be told CTelling DTold 点拨 the boy与tell是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故选D。例4 _ at the sight，she couldnt go to sleep ASurprising BFeared CFrightening DFrightened 点拨 本题为过去分词作状语，如改为状语从句应是：As she

60、was frightened at the sight，故选D。针对性训练1 单项填空1You should understand the traffic rule by nowYouve had it _ often enough Aexplaining Bto explain Cexplain Dexplained2Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _ Aworried Bto worry Cworrying Dworry3The _ look o