高三英语阅读三大文体阅读技巧

1、第二专题完形填空高考英语完形填空题是考查英语知识综合运用能力的试题，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。完形填 空题不单纯考查语言语法知识，而主要考查考生对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻 辑判断能力。记叙文记叙文是高考英语完形填空题考查最多的体裁，它因层次清晰、脉络分明和情节生动、真挚感人及容易人题、好发挥等特点而深受命题专家及广大考生的喜爱。 试题特征试题原材料往往以时间、地点、人物、事件为记叙要素，以交代故事发生、发 展、高潮和结局为记叙过程，以赞扬和批判特定对象为记叙目的。考查方向完形填空的试题特点决定着未来高考将会加强对考生发挥合理想象正确预测下

2、文能力的考查，加强对考生利用前后句和前后段相：互关系进行推理判断能力 的考查，加强对考生利用语境褒贬性进行完形填空信息推断能力的考查。因此， 利用语境的逻辑性、褒贬性和上下文的相互作用是解答完形填空题的关键。专家支招为了赞扬或批评特定人物，记叙文的内容往往情感浓烈，真挚感人，因此体现 主人公情感态度的褒贬语境贯穿始终。显然，以主人公处境好坏为线索分析语境 的褒贬性可以推断主人公对文章所描述事件的特定情感和态度，从而各个击破空缺未知信息。现以2007年高考英语试题天津卷完形填空题为例，谈谈如何利用 褒贬语境进行完形填空的信息推 断。第一招：寻找褒贬语境的产生标志，推断文意的发生。常言说得好，情随

3、事迁。在完形填空语言材料中，主人公的特定心情往往随着文意的发生而产生，因此分析褒贬语境可以推断文意的发生。褒贬语境的产生 往往有其特定的标志，对褒义语境的描绘往往采用一些快乐、 积极、赞扬的语言， 对贬义语境的描绘往往采用一些悲伤、消极、排斥的语言。认真阅读分析原文第 节内容可以看出, with a power she had never before experience等词?匚带有明显 的褒义色彩，反映出主人公从容不迫的精神状态和驾轻就熟的演出技巧。在这种褒义语境的影响下，原文已知语言和未知语言都必然带有浓烈的褒义色彩。 这种 褒贬语境的分析对推断文意发生阶段的未知信息大有裨益。原文:Ro

4、berta appeared on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to speak. Now she was Portia, a strong willed character in ShakespeareSThe Merchant of Venice.The theater was filled with people. She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced, the words flowing smoothly froha her.大意：罗伯塔出

5、现在舞台上。她做了一下深呼吸，然后开始讲话3在她已经 变成了鲍西亚，莎士比亚喜剧威尼斯商人中一个意志坚强的人物剧院坐满 了人。她讲话时有一种自己以前从来没有感受过的力量，语言顺畅地从她嘴里流泻出来。分析： 这部分内容中的褒义语言 with apower she had never before experienced 对smoothly等褒义性答案的推断有决定性作用，对其他各空信息的推断也有很 大帮助。第二招寻找褒贬语境的变化标志，推断文意的发展。众所周知，优秀的文章往往情节起伏跌宕，因此完形填空的褒贬语境也有所变 化，这种变化与主人公情绪的变化是完全吻合的。显然，只有分析褒贬语境是如何发生变

6、化的，才能准确分析主人公情绪的变化和思想行为的变化，才能最终推断文章未知信息。原文:In fact Roberta had never acted in her life before the audition （选拔试演） She hated being in front of other people. She was very shy at school. She had never thought she was good enough at anything to attract much attention. She stayed mostly to herself, making

7、 few friends. She had excellent grades, but she always thought that something was missing.大意：事实上在这次选拔试演之前罗伯塔从没有演过戏。她不喜欢待在别人面前。在学校里她非常害羞。她从没有想到会在某个方面好到能吸遍多关注的程 度。多数时候她独处一室，很少交朋友。她成绩很好，但总认为生活中缺少点什 么。分析： 这部分内容中的 had never acted, she had never thought she was good enough at anything, she stayed mostly t

8、o herself, she always thought that something was missing.等贬义性旬对 hated, shy, few, but 等贬义性答案的推断起 着决定作用，对其它各信息的推断也有很大的帮助。第三招：寻找褒贬语境的进一步变化标志，推断文意的进一步发展。不少完形填空的褒贬语境并不仅仅有一次变化，往往还会经历第二次甚至第三 次变化，这种变化与主人公心情的变化仍然吻合，因此寻找褒贬语境再次产生变化的标志性词句可以分析主人公情绪和心态的变化，从而成功推断文章未知信 息。Two weeks before the audition ,Roberta mothe

9、r had heard about it and encouraged her to join in.I can t think if anyone slse better suited tplay the part. Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? ”Her mother wouldnt let the matter drop. Youre just a little scared （害怕）. Everyone gets scared. You know you can do it. The trick is to loo

10、k past the fear to find the love ofwhat youre doing.So Roberta had made an appointment （预约）with the head of the Drama Club. She had read the play and found herself excited by the idea of speaking such rich words. In secret she practiced Portias part, memorizing the lines by repeating them over and o

11、ver. It wasnt hard she loved every minute of it. Every time she spoke the words, she had a new understanding of the lines, as if Shakespeare had written Portia on many levels.On the day of the audition, she performed two of Portias famous speeches for the auditors. When she had finished, the head of

12、 the Drama Club announced the part was hers.大意：选拔试演前两周，罗伯塔的母亲听到这件事，并且鼓励她参加。我想不出任何人比你更适合演这个角色，记得过去你为我们演的戏 吗?”她母亲不愿让这件事搁浅。你只是有点害怕。每个人都有点害怕，你知道你能演好这部戏，方法就是忽略害怕心理，找到你对演戏的真爱0于是罗伯塔与戏剧俱乐部的头头做了预约。她读了剧本，发现自己对能够讲剧本中这么丰富语言的想法感到很兴奋。她偷偷试演鲍西亚这一角色，一遍又一遍地阅读台词，以便记住台词。她一点都不感到苦，她喜欢其间的每一分钟。 每一次她讲台词时，都对其有新的理解,好像莎士比亚写鲍西亚

13、这一角色时有不 同的版本供不同水平层次的人阅读。选拔试演的那一天，她表演了鲍西亚的两段著名台词。结束时戏剧俱乐部 的人宣布这一角色将由她扮演。分析：这一部分内容中的 I can think of anyone else better suited to - the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? You re just a little scared,found herself excited , It wasn等褒的跄语言对 encouraged , can, loved 等褒义性答案的推断有决定性作用，对其它

14、未知信息的推断也有非常直接的作用。第四招：回读原文，检验褒贬语境。为防止对褒贬语境的推断有偏差而影响答题准确率，做完形填空题后，还应回读原文，看看褒贬语境的推断是否前后一致，是否与文意吻合。认真回读原 文可知， with a power she had never before experienced ,I candf anyorke elsebetter suited to the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? Youre just a little scared ,found herself excited

15、 ,It wasn等褒义色彩浓烈的词d.反映出主人公对角色的喜爱。对演戏的钟情和对成功的向往。而had never acted ,she had never thought she was good enough at anything,she stayed mostly to herself, she always thought that something was missing.贬义词句反映出主人公过 去害怕与人相处，羞与人交流，不敢和人交友的悲观心态。显然，褒贬语境的推断合情合理，与上下文已知信息和未知信息完全吻合， 因此，利用褒贬语境对原文未知信息进行的推断也准确无误。原文：I t

16、each biology at UNLIV three times a week. Last Monday, I cheerfully asked my I how their weekend had been. A young man said his weekend had not been so . 2_ .Then he asked me why I always seemed so 3 .His question 4 me of something Id read: Every morning you get up, you have a 5 about how you want t

17、o deal with life, I said. I choose to be cheerful.Let me give you an example, I continued, 6 my students. Besides teaching here, I also teach at a 7 in Henderson. A few weeks ago I drove to Henderson. I 8 the highway and turned onto College Drive. But just then my car 9 down. I tried to start it aga

18、in, but the10 would not work. 11 Iturned my flashers on,took my books, and 12down the road to the college.Immediately I got there, I called and13 for a tow truck () to meetme at my car after 14 . The secretary there asked me what had happened. This is my 15day. I replied, smiling.She was 16 . What d

19、o you mean?My car could have broken down anywhere along the highway. It didnt. I replied. 17 , it broke down in the perfect place: off the highway, 18 walking distance of here. Im still able to teach my class, and Ive been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car 19 to bre

20、ak down today, itcouldnt have been arranged in a more convenient way.I ended my story. Everyone was 20A. schoolmatesA. badA. cheerfulA. informedA. decisionA. coveringA. schoolA. exitedA. brokeA. instrumentA. ButA. marchedA. preparedA. classB. children C. teacherB. good C. sadB. grateful C. hopefulB.

21、 told C. remindedB. choice C. preferenceB. touching C. faciB. college C. universityB. found C. crossedB. died C. wentB. wheel C. lightB. And C. SoB. droveC. rodeB. lookedC. waitedD. studentsD. freeD. thankfulD. warnedD. judgmentg D. reachingD. instituteD. enteredD. cameD. engineD. OrD. followedD. ar

22、rangedD. lunchA. usualA. shockedA. AnywayA. withinA. meantA. astonishedB. unusual 1B. excitedB. InsteadB. beyondfailedB. behavedC. unluckypuzzledC. AlsoC.underC. triedI C. touchedluckyD. pleasedD. StillD. insideD. managedD. scared有人喜欢悲观地看问题，有人喜欢乐观地看问题,他们用不同的方式度过workC. study时光。哪一种方式好？本文作者用自己的亲身经历证明了后

23、者。D由首句中的teach可以推断作者是一个老师，因此该空表示学生”，应填 studentsB 由上文how their weekend had been可以推出该空表示 好”，因此应填 good。A 由下文第5个空后面的cheerful可以推出该空应填cheerful。C remind sb of sth使某人想起某事，与语境逻辑吻合。B 由下文choose可以推出该空应表示 选择”，因此应填choice。C由常识可知，老师讲话时应面对学生，因此该空应填facing0B 由第12个空后面的college可以推出该空应填college。A 由下文turnedonto College Drive

24、可以推出该空表示 退出”，因此应填 exited。A 由第10个空后面的would not work可以推出作者的车子坏了，因此该 空应填brokeD由上文start可以推出车子发动不起来是发动机的毛病，因此该空应填engineC由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示努力无效后的结果，因此应填 So,表示 于是”。A 由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示前进”，因此应填marchedD 由最后一段中的arrange可以推出该空应填arrangeA由上文可知，作者是赶来上课的，因此该空应填class,第18空后面 的afterclass是一个验证。D由下文作者轻松愉快的心情可以推出该空含褒义色彩，因此应填lucky

25、0C 由下文秘书问话内容可知其感到困惑，因此该空应填puzzledoB由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示相反”，因此应填Instead。A由作者来得及上课的事实可以推出该空表示在范围之内”，因此应填 within。A mean此处表 打算”。C 我的故事触动了每个学生。议论文议论文是论述某一观点的文章，常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论四部分 构成。试题特征试题常在文章开头就提出论点，让考生对文章观点有一个清晰的了解。接着提供论据来论证论点是否正确。论证方法较多，最为常见的是正反论证，这种论证方法观点明确、思路清晰，说服力强，感染力强。最后，作者对论点是否正 确常给出明确的结论。考查方向试题要求考生弄清论

26、点、论据、论证过程和结论，并由此理解文章的细节， 从而准确推断文章未知信息。专家支招第一招：寻找论点，确定文章主旨，理解文章大意。论点为议论文最重要的因素，它体现了作者的写作意图，是文章主旨的完 备体现，而主旨又制约着文意的延伸和情节的发展，因此寻找论点确定文章主旨是解答议论型完形填空题的关键。值得注意的是，第一节最有可能包含论点。因此考生应认真阅读第一节，弄清作者到底想说什么，从而，抓住文章的论点，理解文章的主旨大意。下面以一篇完形填空题为实例加以分 析。Everyone has many things to believe. One of the things always believe

27、 is that no matter how bad something is, you can 1 something valuable out of it. The 2 I wasnt sure of that was on September 11.I hear older people _3_ about the attack on Pearl Harbor （珍珠港）and Kennedys being murdered and how greatly those events 4 them in their lives. For my 5 , the tragedy （悲居U） o

28、f September 11 can be 6 with that of Pearl Harbor. We will be talking about the terrible effect on our country, and on our as single human beings, for years to come.It wasnt until a few weeks 8September 11 that I began to see thatperhaps something good did come from this tragedy. People seem 9 now,

29、more understanding, more friendly. Little things that seemed to be such a bother before are no longer a big deal. 10_, I am more patient than I was. I realize life is too short, and 11, to letmyself get upset over unimportant things. Life is also too short to carry complaints and 12 Ive become more

30、forgiving and understanding. Ive learned also that you cant take things for granted. You know how we always say 13 you later.One thing I have realized from September 11 is that you cant ever say that forsure. 14 change in the blink （眨眼）of an eye. People go to 15 , and dont come back. One minute they

31、 are living and the 16 minute they are not.And, it doesnt 17 who you are because there is nothing you can do about it. We 18 know when our time here will be over, so we all need to make the 19 of every minute we have.You try to learn from what happened. You cant live byit. All you can do is just toA

32、. graspA. thingA. thinkA. affectedA. opinionA. connectedA. restA. afterA. happyA. LuckilyA. terribleA. thenA. See20B. catchB. timeB. knowB. taughtpeoplegoC. eventC. talkC. surprisedC. generationC. comparedC. sleepC. sinceB. followedB. livesB. beforeB. sad C. funnyD. takeD. placeD. learnD. improvedD.

33、 childrenD. mixedD. workD. fromD. differentB. Personally C. Generally D. ActuallyB. hard C. precious D. hopelessB. therefore C. yetD. howeverB. Call C. Meet D. VisitA. DemandsA. officesA. otherA. matterA. alwaysA. mostA. study1-5 DBCACB. Things C. Buildings D. PeopleB. factories C. work D. hospitals

34、B. another C. next D. lastB. trouble C. mean D, realizeB. ever C. possibly D. neverB. use C. effort D. senseB. work C. liveD. play6- 10 CBADB 11-15 CBABC16-20 CADAC原文:Everyone has many things to believe. One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is you can_take something

35、 valuable out of it. The time Iwasnt sure of that was on September 11.大意：每个人都有许多事情可以相信。我总是信奉的事情之一是无论一件 事情有多糟，你都能从中获得一些有价值的东西。我对那一点没把握的时候是9月11日。分析：认真阅读首节可以发现第二句就是论点，它是全文的主旨，是全文的中心思想，是全文的精神实质，有理由相信下文作者一定会举例说明自己是怎 样悟出这一道理的。第二招 寻找论据，理清论证过程，理解文章细节。围绕论点所展开的列举性说明就是论据，而整个逻辑推理过程就是论证过 程，当然这个论证过程需要由体现全文主旨的论点来引

36、导。认真阅读本文，我们可以发现说明论点的论证过程如下：论据划、节主要内容论点无论发生多糟的事，你都能从中获得有 益的东西。论据9 11事件；珍珠港事件；肯尼迪被杀的 事件。论证从前认识： 这些事件都是灾难，从中 获取不了启益的东西。后来认识，9 11事件后，人们彼此之间 更理解，更友好； 作者变的更耐心， /、再为小事烦心；作者更能宽容与理解 别人；作者认识到生活多变，不幸随时 后可能降临，因此应过好每一分钟。结论坏事也启益处，应从中吸取教训，让生 活的母大都启息乂。原文:I hear older people talk about the attack on Pearl Harbor （珍珠

37、港）and Kennedys being murdered and how greatly those events affected them in their lives. For my generation, the tragedy 蔗居U） of September 11 can be compared with that of Pearl Harbor. We will be talking about the terrible effect on our country, and on our lives as single human beings, for years to c

38、ome.大意：我听到年纪大一点的人谈论珍珠港事件和肯尼迪被杀事件以及这些事件 是如何影响他们生活的。对我这一代人来说，9.11事件这一悲剧可以和珍珠港事 件相比。今后多年我们将谈论它对我们国家和我们生活产生的可怕影口向。分析：一开始，作者完全沉浸于痛苦之中，只看到糟糕事件的负面影响。原文:It wasnt until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps something good did come from this tragedy. People seem different now, more u

39、ndertanding, more friendly. Little things that seemed to be such a bother before are no longer a big deal. Personally, I am more patient than I was. I realize life is too short, and precious, to let myself get upset over unimportant things. Life is also too short to carry complaints and therefore Iv

40、e become more forgiving and understanding. Ive learned also that you cant take things for granted. You know how we always say See you later. One thing I have realized from September 11 is that you cant ever say that for sure. Things change in the blink 眨眼）of an eye. People go to work and dont come b

41、ack. One minute they are living and the next minute they are not. And, it doesnt matter who you are because there is nothing you can do about it. We never know when our time here will be over, so we all need to make the most of every minute we have.You try to learn from what happened. You cant live

42、by it. All you can do is just to live.大意：直到9. 11事件几周之心我才意识到也许一些好的东西的确从这次悲 剧中产生了。人们现在似乎不同了、变得彼此之间更理解更友好了。 过去看起来 是一个大麻烦的小事也不再是那么大不了。就我个人而言、我也比过去更耐心。 我意识到生命太短暂，太宝贵了，因此不能让自己被小事所困扰。生活太短暂了而不能再承载抱怨。因此我变得更能宽容别人，理解别人。我还认识到我们不能 想当然。你知道我们总是说 再见”。从9. 11事件中我意识到的一件事是我们有 时不一定能说再见。眨眼间事情就可能会变化。人们好端端去工作、却没有能回来。一分钟前他们

43、还活着，上一分钟他们就没了。而且不管你是谁都没有多大关 因为你根本无能为力。我们从来不知道我们的时间什么时候会结束，所以我行都需要充分利用我们所拥有的每F钟。你应该努力从所发生之事中吸取教 训I。你不能靠它生活。你所能做的一切就是活下去。分析：作者看到9。11事件给自己和别人带来的认识和行为上的可喜变化， 认识到再糟的事情也会有好的一面。人生苦短，世事难料，因此善待自己，善待 别人，善待生活，过好每一分钟才是最重要的。试题分析：A true apology is more than just acknowledgement 母认）of a mistake. Its recognition th

44、at something youve said J done has damaged a relationship and that you care 2 about that relationship to want it 3 .Its never 4 to acknowledge you in the wrong. Being human, we all need the 5 of apology. Look back and see how 6 youve judged roughly, said unkind things, pushed yourself ahead at the e

45、xpense of a friend. Some 7 thought in us knows when even a small mistake has been made, your feeling will stay out of 8 until the mistake is acknowledged and regret 9 .I remember a doctor friend, the late Charence Lieb, telling me a man who came to him with different 10 : headaches, insomnia （失眠）， s

46、tomachaches and so on. No 11 causes could be found. Finally the doctor said to the man,12 you tell me whats on your conscience 良心）,I cant help you.After a short 13 the man told the doctor that he 14 all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was 15 . His father had died, so only he himse

47、lf knew the 16. The old doctor made the man write to his brother 17 an apology and enclosing a 18_. In the post office, the man 19 the letter into the mail chute （由B件滑行槽）.As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears.Thank you, doctor, he said. I think Im all right now.And he 20.1.A. orB. andC

48、. butD. while2.A. littleB. enoughC. ofD. for3.A. builtB. formedC. repairedD. damaged4.A. difficultB. easyC. shyD. shamed5.A. skillB. wayC. artD. reason6.A. longB. oftenC. muchD.soon7. A. deepB. newC.otherD. simple8.A. timeB. bodyC.breath D. balance9.A. expectedB. explainedC. describedD. expressed10.

49、A. actsB. mannersC. illnessesD. feelings! 1.A. singleB.realC. physicalD. serious12.A. IfB. UnlessC. BecauseD. Although13.A. restB. stayC. absenceD. silence14.A. acceptedB.receivedC. seizedD. robbed15.A. presentB.deadC. abroadD. lost16.A. matterB. resultC. causeD.relation17. A. givingB. showing C. ha

50、vingD. making18.A. cardB. stamp C. checkD. photoA. droppedB. stored C. hitD. drewA. shouldB. didC. hadD. was道歉是对所做错事认识过程的坦诚的表白，也是想对所做错事加以弥补之情的表白。本文作者用典型事例证明了这一点。ABC道歉是对你说的或做的所造成损害你和别人之间关系的事情的发自内 心的认识，它必须建立在你对那种关系重视到想去修补的基础上。BC承认过错绝不是一件简单的事情，作为普通人，我们都需要道歉的 艺术。B回顾过去，看看多少次你粗鲁地评价过别人、跟别人说过不友好的 话或为了自己的进步而

51、以朋友的损失为代价。ADD内心深处的想法告诉我们，即使，一个小错误也会使我们的心情失去平衡直至错误被承认、后悔之情被表达。C下文所介绍的头痛、失眠、肚子痛等都是疾病。C根据常识，身体上有病一般都能检查到。B分析语境可知，该空表 除非”，引导条件状语从句，应填 Unless。D 不得不向别人说出不光彩的事常需先沉默一段时间，这是一个思想斗 争的过程。C 语境逻辑制约该空表 扣押”，应填seizedoC由下文讲述主人公发邮件给兄弟可以反推，主人公的兄弟出国了。A 分析语境可知，该空表 事情”，应填matter。D making（原形为 make）an apology 道歉”，固定搭配。C 主人公要

52、承认错误、改正错误就必须退还被其扣押的金钱，因此该空 应填check。A 主人公把信丢进邮件滑行槽。D 认真分析语境逻辑可知，该空应替代上文Im all right中的am。说明文说明文写作的宗旨，就是要把想写的内容写得明白，让读者明了事实、弄 清真相，所以，除了词汇或句型因素，相对而言，说明文的完形填空难度不会很 大，做起题来也应该比较得心应手。试题特征试题所选材料语言朴实严谨，说明清楚明确，结构清晰合理。考查方向因说明文不重在表达情感而重在陈述事实，说明道理，因此试题多要求考生根据语境逻辑判断空缺词的意义。专家支招请先看一篇完形填空实例：Eating less may bring long

53、er life?A study by the National lnstitutes of Health 1_that reducing calories by 30 percent 2 to slow the rate of aging in monkeys,providing 3 evidence that humans might live longer by eatingless.The study has shown that a 4 diet that includes a sharp reduction in calories caused the animals to 5 a

54、lower body temperature, a slower metabolism （新陈代谢）and 6 changes in the biochemical markers for aging.Dr. George Roth, a 7 at the research center of the National Institute on Aging said, This shows that what has been demonstrated in mice 8 can apply in monkeys.We have 9 for 70 years that 10 you feed

55、laboratory mice less food, they age slower, they 11 longer and they get diseasesless 12 , he said. We find thatmonkeys respond in the same 13 and that the same biological changes may be in 14 here.Dr. Roth said 15 biochemical measurements also showed thateating less was 16 for the monkeys.The study

56、is 17 and involves 200 monkeys. Dr.Roth said the diets of the monkeys included all of the 18vitamins and other nutriments 19 halfof the monkeys received about 30 percent fewer calories than the other half becausethey are 20.A. remarksA. aimsA. strangebelievesB. appearsB. newcausesC. demandsC. noD. s

57、howsD. agreeslittle4. A. well-balancedB. well-prepared C. well-plannedD.well-cooked5. A. produce B. give C. haveD. changeA. moreA. scientistA. stillA. heardA. ifA. liveA. carefullyA. directionA. playA. someA. healthyA. startingA. requiredA. forA. guided15 DBBACB. fewerC. fasterB. doctorB. alreadyB.

58、knownB. whenB. stayB. obviouslyB. wayB. workB. sameB. happyB. growingB. askedB. thereforecontrolled6 10 BADBAD.deeperlawyerC, yetC.doneC. thoughC. sleepC. frequentlyC. methodC. peaceC. otherC. luckyC. developinghelpeddesignerD. alsoD. madeD. sinceD. standD. definitelyD. instructionD. battleD. allD.

59、fortunateD. continuingD. referredD. as第一招：了解说明文的结构模式C. bdtC. mixed D. kept11- 15 ACBAC 16-20 ADACB理清文章的主旨大意。说明文主要向读者介绍新发明和新发现，因此有固定的结构模式， 全文往往由新发明（发现）的介绍、新发明（发现）的依据、新发明（发现） 的过程和新发明（发现）的实验背景等几个角度构成。了解说明文的框架结构有助于我们弄清文章层次，了解文章主旨，把握文章大意。认 真阅读本篇完形填空可知，全文由 少食长寿”观点的提出、少食长寿” 观点的依据、少食长寿”观点的发现过程和 少食长寿”观点的实验背

60、景等四个角度构成。了解这一点有助于我们理解文章主旨大意。第二招：弄清各结构的内部构成，理解文章的事实和细节。理清文章的框架结构后，还应了解各结构的内部构成，这样才能在脉 络分明、层次清晰的基础上理解文章的事实和细节，从而据其逻辑关 系推断全文未知信息。认真阅读分析原文我们可对其各结构内部构成作如下理解：各结构内部构成事实和细节少食长寿”观 点的提出研究表明减少百分之三十的热量似乎 能减缓猴子衰老速度少食长寿”观 点的依据研究表明热量急剧减少导致动物体温 下降，新陈代谢减缓。少食长寿”观 点的发现过程七十年来，科学家们一直知道如果给实 验室的老鼠较少的食物，它们的衰老就 变得缓慢，患病频率也不那