Unit9TheTravelandHospitalityIndustry

1、Unit 9 The Travel and Hospitality Industry旅游与酒店餐饮业英语班级：2B4 专业：旅游管理 成员：付潇 学号：10451040107 成员：胡凯丽 学号：10451040228 成员：钟鸾娟 学号：10451040232Text A The Tourist IndustryThe tourist industry has been one of the fastest growing industries in modern times. Indeed, the growth rate of tourism has generally exceeded

2、 the growth rate for the worldwide economy. Sometimes it seems as though a new resort area springs up every day wherever there sun and sea. The shores of the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas and the Pacific coastlines of Mexico, Florid, and Hawaii are only a few of the areas that have been intensive

3、ly development in recent years.The purpose of tour and travel varies. Some people travel entirely for the purpose of recreation or pleasure; they are people on holiday. Some people travel for reasons of health. Other people travel to visit friends or relatives, a reason that has become more importan

4、t because of increased mobility throughout the world. Still others travel in order to educate themselves in accord with the old precept that travel is broadening. All of these people are generally considered tourists since the primary reason for their trips is recreation. Tourist statistics also inc

5、lude people who are traveling on business. Among them are business people and government official on specific missions, as well as people attending meetings or conventions, who often combine pleasure with their work.The marketing approach for the two major divisions among touristrecreational travele

6、rs respond to a greater degree to lower fares and other inducements in pricing and selecting the destination for their trips. In a technical phrase, they make up a price elastic market. The business groups, on the other hand, make up a price inelastic market. Their trips are not scheduled according

7、to lower fares, the destination is determined in advance, and the expense is usually paid by their employers. They are looking for dependable rather than inexpensive service. Business travelers also make more trips to large cities or industrial centers than to resort areas, although many conventions

8、 are now held at resort hotels. It should be noted, however, that some large cosmopolitan cities are themselves the most important tourist destinations in the world. Because of this, it is difficult to separate pure recreation travel from business travel. The development of tourism as a mass industr

9、y depends on modern means of rapid and inexpensive transportation. For example, the greatest growth in international tourism has paralleled the growth of air transportation. Industrialization has produced the other conditions that are necessary for tourism. Among them is the creation of a large numb

10、er of people with an amount of disposable incomeincome above and beyond what is needed for basic expenses such as food, shelter, clothing, and taxes. Another important condition is urbanization. Generally, residents of the big population centers take more holiday trips than residents of rural areas.

11、 Long weekends and paid vacations are among other important conditions for the development of modern tourism. In some countries, the cost of the holiday for employees is subsidized partly or wholly by government, unions, or employers. Tourism benefits not only airlines, hotels, restaurants, and taxi

12、 drivers among others, but also many commercial establishments and even the manufacturers of such varied items as sunglasses, cameras, film, and sports clothing.One of the principal reasons for encouraging a tourist industry in many developing countries is the so-called multiplier effect of the tour

13、ist dollar. Money paid for wages or in other ways is spent not once but sometimes several times for other items in the economy, such as the food and housing that tourist employees need. Another attraction of the tourist industry for the developing countries is that it is labor-intensive, a common fe

14、ature of service industries. Indeed, the tourist industry is not a single entity, but one that consists of many different kinds of enterprises that offer different services to the traveler, including transportation, accommodations, catering, guiding and interpretation.Text A 旅游业旅游业已经成为当今世界发展最快的产业之一。

15、的确，旅游业的增长速度已经超过了世界经济发张的速度。有时，无论是哪个地方只要有海和太阳每天就有新的旅游资源涌现出来。地中海，加勒比海，墨西哥的太平洋沿岸，弗洛里达，夏威夷只是近几年集中发展的一些资源。去旅行的目的是多种多样的。有些利用假期去旅游人的目的完全是为了娱乐消遣。有些人是为了健康。其他人旅游的理由是拜访亲友，这个理由变得越来越重要了，因为现代通讯的快速发展。还有一些人旅行是为了教育自己与在旅行中得知的那些古老的格言保持一致。所有的人一般来考虑旅游的最初目的就是为了娱乐和消遣。旅游统计数据也包括因公出差的人群。那些商人、政府官员、特殊代表团还有参加会议的人们，经常把他们的工作和娱乐结合起

16、来。进行市场营销时应该注意到休闲旅游者和商务旅游者的不同。休闲旅游者在选择线路时对低价和价格的诱因具有更高的关注度。用一个专业术语，他们组成了有价格弹性的市场。另一方面，商务旅游者组成了无价格弹性的市场。他们的行程是之前就决定好的，并不考虑低价，因为花费是由雇主提供的。相比低价来说他们更倾向于找一些自由的目的地。商务旅行者更多去一些大城市和工业中心于资源景点相比，尽管现在好多会议都选择在度假酒店召开。然而，值得注意的是，那些世界性的大城市其本身就是全球主要的旅游目的地。因此，从商务旅游中区分出来休闲旅游是十分困难的。旅游业的发展同大多数产业一样依靠于快速廉价的交通运输业的发展。比如，最高级的国

17、际旅游增长是与飞机的发展平行的。工业化的生产为旅游业的发展提供了必要的条件。除此之外还有人们手中可支配收入的增加，可支配收入是除了基本的花销比如食物，房子，衣服，税费等之外的收入。另一个重要的条件是城市化的发展。一般而言，相比于乡村地区，居住在大城市的居民有更多的假日旅行。黄金周和带薪假期都是现代旅游业发展的主要因素。在一些国家，员工假日的花费部分或全部是由政府，公会或雇主承担。旅游不仅有利于航空公司、酒店、餐厅、和出租车司机除其他外,还有许多商业场所等,甚至制造商的如此不同的项目,如太阳镜、相机、电影、运动服装。其中最主要的理由鼓励一个旅游产业在许多发展中国家是所谓的乘数效应的旅游美元。 钱

18、支付工资或以其他方式不止一次而是有时花几次其他物品经济,如食品和住房,旅游员工需要。另一个吸引旅游业的发展中国家是劳动密集型的常见特色服务行业。 事实上,旅游业是不是一个单一的实体,但是是一个由许多不同类型的企业提供不同的服务的旅行者,包括交通、住宿、餐饮、指导和解释。 （by 付潇）Text B The Hospitality IndustrySize and scope of the industryThe hospitality industry is probably the worlds fastest-growing, jop-creating profession, employ

19、ing one in ten people worldwide. In the UK alone, the industry employs over 1.8 million people. It is estimated that the industry will require 30,000-35,000 trained people at management and supervisory level year on year until 2010, if it is to fulfill its potential. There are currently too few stud

20、ents taking college and university courses in hospitality to sustain this requirement. You can imagine, therefore, that there is enormous scope for those who want to pursue a career in the industry, plus a huge range of employment opportunities across the varied subsectors. You might want to manage

21、a hotel, run a restaurant or maybe your interests lie in accountancy or information technology. You want to start your own business or be part of an international one. Whatever your talents, the hospitality industry offers variety and opportunity.Structure of the industryHotelsrange from small, inde

22、pendent country hotels to luxury five-star hotels. There are around 48,000 of them in the UK and they employ some 250,000 people at all skills levels. Thats 17% of the total number of hospitality workers. According to Caterer & Hotelkeeper, December 2005, hotel occupancy leveled off in October 2004，

23、but the rise in room rates will allow UK hotels to achieve the forecast annual growth in the coming year.Restaurantsthis subsector includes takeaway food outlets, fine dining ethnic restaurants and coffee bars. It remains relatively resilient，as even in an economic downtown，people still enjoy eating

24、 out and their taste in food is eclectic. There are around106,500 outlets employing more than 500,000 full and part-time staff. 70% of businesses are owner-operate with the other 30% owned by groups such as the Restaurant Group and Whitbread. The large groups offer management training schemes to gra

25、duates.Pubs, clubs and barsthe licensed retail sector is worth 20 billion and it currently employs over 900,000 people in total. There are around 64,000 on-licensed premises in the UK. They range from small, country pubs to large, city nightclubs and bars. Labour turnover is high mainly due to the l

26、arge number of students employed and there is high proportion to part-time staff. However, promotion can be quick and branded chains can offer excellent management opportunities.Contract cateringany catering business unit that is separately operated and managed. Some of the outlets supplied by contr

27、act caterers are schools, hospitals, local authority and in-company catering and food services. It is a rapidly expanding subsector of the industry and is dominated by a handful of large players. The newest of these to emerge is Baxter Storey, which was created in 2004 and now forms the fifth larges

28、t contract in the UK.Hospitality servicesincorporates all those working in establishments where hospitality is not the main function and is not contracted out. Areas include medical，educational，industrial，retail，culture，sport，public administration and transport. Future growth in linked to the streng

29、th of the economy and, therefore, the demand for in-house services, although this could be offset by an increase in outsourcing to contract caterers.Graduate recruitmentDegrees in a hospitality-related discipline are preferred but many employers will accept candidate from other discipline so long as

30、 they have experience in a hospitality environment. Most hospitality degrees develop experience through industrial placements and many students can gain experience through part-time and vacation work. Whilst language skills can be a bonus when applying.Of course，degree is important but it is the wor

31、k experience and understanding of the sector alongside key skill that employers seek most. It is unlikely that high emphasis is given to A-level grades when recruiting.A feature of most schemes is that employers want their candidate mobile，particularly in the early year of career progression. This i

32、s to gain a greater understanding of the business and to gain as wide an experience as possible.Many of the large employers run specific graduate recruitment schemes but there also opportunities with small business, e. g. exhibition venues and events management companies, and independent restaurants

33、, bars and hotels. these areas also provide scope for self-employment.Text B 酒店业行业规模和范围酒店业可能是世界上发展最快，提供最多就业机会的行业，全球有十分之一的人在这个行业工作。仅仅在英国，酒店业就雇用了180，000，000的人。如果潜力完全实现，据估计酒店业直到2010年在管理与督导层比去年同期还需要30，000-35，000的培训人员。目前有太少学生修读大学酒店业来维持这一要求。因此，你可以想象，对于这些想要横跨不同部门寻求一份职业和巨大的就业机会的人是多么大的范围。你可能要管理一家旅馆经营、一家餐馆或也许

34、你的兴趣在于会计或信息技术。你想开始自己的生意或成为国际范畴的一部分。无论你有什么才能，酒店业提供丰富的机会。行业结构酒店从小型独立经营的乡村旅馆到豪华的五星级酒店。在英国的约 48,000家酒店，他们聘请一些各级别的技术人员 25 万。这就是酒店的工人总数的 17%。2005年12月，根据Caterer & Hotelkeeper，酒店入住率在2004年10月平稳发展，但是酒店房间数量的上升可以使英国酒店实现未来一年的年度增长预测。餐馆这个部门包括外卖食物来源,美食特色的餐馆和咖啡馆。相对来说，餐馆的适应性依然很强。因为即使在经济低迷时期，人们仍喜欢外出就餐，而且他们的口味非常广泛。有大约1

35、06,500网点雇佣超过500000名全职和兼职员工。70%的参观是个人经营，30%是集团经营像the Restaurant Group and Whitbread。较大的集团对毕业生提供管理培训方案。酒吧，俱乐部和各种吧许可零售业价值200亿，而且它雇用的员工总数超过900，000人。在应该大学有64，000家有堂饮卖酒执照的营业场所。它们涉及的领域从小的乡村俱乐部到大的城市夜总会和酒吧。劳动力流动的主要原因是大量的学生被雇用和高比例的兼职员工。然而，可迅速推广和品牌连锁可以提供优秀的管理机会。合同餐饮任何餐饮业单位是独立经营和管理的。一些有合同餐饮提供的网点是学校、医院、当地机构和公司内部

36、的餐饮和食物服务。它是这个行业快速扩张的部门，也是有一群人占优势的。这些出现最新的是Baxter Storey成立于2004年，现在是英国第五大合同餐饮公司。热情的服务合并所有在这里工作，热情并不是主要功能，也不是外包。这些区域包括医药、教育、工业、零售、文化、运动、公共管理和运输。因此，未来增长和经济力量、内部机构需求服务有关，尽管这些可以通过合同餐饮外部资源弥补。毕业生招聘许多雇主都偏爱那些专业与酒店业有关的求职者，但也会接受其他专业的应聘者，只要他们有酒店业的相关经验。大多数酒店相关专业的人通过工业人员配置发展经验，许多学生可以通过兼职和假期工作得到相关经验。同时，在申请时，语言技巧是一

37、个额外加分点。当然，专业相关很重要，然而，工作经验和部门关键技巧的理解力也是雇主寻求的。在招聘的时候是不可能只强调需要高级证书的。大多数方案的特征是，雇主希望他们的应聘者是灵活的，特别是在职业发展的早期。这是为了获得对商业的更大的理解力和尽可能多的经验。许多大企业的雇主都会制定明确的毕业生招聘计划。但是小企业也有一些机会，比如，展览场和会展管理公司，独立的饭店、酒吧和酒店。这些领域也为自主创业人员提供了机会。 （by 钟鸾娟）Text C HotelsThe hotel of today is a highly organized commercial entity. Both in its

38、operational departments and supporting departments, and teamwork is essential in the running of a good hotel. Therefore, its employees must be cooperative with one another and loyal to the management. The aim of the hotel is to create a home away from home for all the traveling guests who need rest,

39、 food, and drink.The Front OfficeThe Front Office of a hotel is not only its “shop window” but also its “never center”. The Front Office staffs efficiency and personality are great important to the realization of the hotels aim. It is within this department that the guests vacation or business, and

40、indeed, the hotels operation itself are made or ruined. The Front Office staff seem to do it all-receive reservations register guests, assign rooms, distribute baggage, store guests, valuables, provide information, deliver mails and messages, exchange foreign currencies, check room occupancies, chec

41、k guests out and soon. Besides, Front Office staff should encourage and settle the guests complaints. That will soothe an unhappy guest and reveal the hotels problems so that the operation can be bettered. In order to fulfill these tasks, the staff must have a neat and smart appearance, good manners

42、, adaptability, knowledge of languages and a head for people and a warm desire to help them.The Housekeeping DepartmentThe Housekeeping Department is the backbone of hotel. In a sense, it is possible to say that a clean and attractive guest room is one of the products that the hotel sells. Its main

43、duty is to see to the cleanliness and good order of all rooms and public areas in the hotel. The laundry and valet service and many personal services are also part of its jobs. And the staff must coordinate the work closely with the Front Office. This department as a whole is required to make the gu

44、ests stays comfortable and pleasing. Any reasonable request must be fulfilled. But good service means more than fulfilling request. Whenever and wherever possible, the staff should offer to do extra things for the guests. What is more, whenever there is an opportunity to “sell”, the staff should tak

45、e it and suggest that guests use the hotel as much as possible. They should make sure that they are selling what the guest really wants to buy. The most important characteristic in the House-keeping staff is the willingness serve and please the guests. They can do a great deal to assure a high busin

46、ess repeat rat and a high occupancy rate, not only through the efficiency in their jobs but also through their heartfelt warmth in serving the guests.The Food and Beverage DepartmentMore and more hoteliers come to realize that food and beverage service is major factor in hotel operation. In many lar

47、ge hotels, it brings in more income than room rentals. The Food and Beverage Department involves many people working together as a team. So group cohesiveness is of particular significance there. There are a number of different areas offering a variety of meals and services all within a hotel- the restaurant, the grill room, different bars. Cafeteria and coffee shop as well as room service lounge service and banqueting. The operation of a restaurant is complex mixture of components in a total system. Moreover, the Food and Beverage