数词和冠词的翻译解析课件

1、数词和冠词的翻译考考大家：几个A few; several; a number of好几百个Hundreds of几十万Hundreds of thousands of成千上万Thousands of 这是你第几次来杭州？Is this your first visit to Hangzhou?我十分愿意回答这个问题。I feel more than happier to answer this question.第一节、数词的翻译 数词通常用来表达精确的数目和数量，翻译过程中“一就是一，二就是二”不能含糊。 然而，在一定的语境中，数字已经失去了精确的概念，变得抽象、模糊、笼统，如在“三思而后

2、行”、“百战百胜”中，数词已不再表达原先的精确数值，翻译这样的数据时，就不能死抠数字本身。一、保持原来数字不变你好像一夜之间长高了十英寸。You look as if you grew ten inches in the night.一寸光阴一寸金。An inch of time is (worth) an inch of gold.你故意淹死两千两百个小工，每一个小工的性命你扣三百钱。You drowned 2200 coolies in cold blood, and for each life, you raked in 300 dollars.一些笼统数字的翻译十几个几十个几十年七十好

3、几了亿万More than/ no more than twentyDozens ofDecadesWell over seventyHundreds of millions of翻译磨刀石（数字直译）一个中心，两个基本点四项基本原则和平共处五项原则他们俩每人有十个孩子。一鸟在手，胜于百鸟在林。One central task and two basic pointsThe four cardinal principlesThe Five Principles of Peaceful CoexistenceBoth of them have ten children. (each?)A bir

4、d in the hand is better than a hundred in the wood.二、改变原来的数字 有的数据无法直译，如一些一语双关的歇后语，以及字面意义和实际意义完全不符的成语和俗语等。有的数词虽然可以直译，但与译入语的表达习惯不协调，易引起歧义。 这些情况下，只好牺牲某些形式上的特点，结合上下文的内容和译入语的习惯，采取意译法，酌情改变数字。他买了24本杂志。He has bought two dozen magazines.500年来，中国的戏剧有了很大的发展。The past five centuries witnessed great development i

5、n Chinese drama.他的数学在班上是首屈一指的。His math is second to none in his class.每次我们闲聊，她十有八九要说到你。She talks about you nine times out of ten when we have a chat.三五中秋夕，清游拟上元。（红楼梦）Mid-autumns fifteenth night is here again.As on the feast of lanterns we stroll round.一些序数词的翻译你们队得了第几名？Did your team win the champions

6、hip?这个孩子是你的老几啊？Is this your oldest / youngest child?一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。Once bitten, twice shy. (套译)三思而后行。Look before you leap. (套译)要遵照英语习惯普及工作若是停留在一个水平上那么教育者和被教育者岂不都是半斤八两？If popularization remains at the same level for everwill not those educators and those being educated be six of one and half a dozen of

7、the other?翻译磨刀石(意译)1 对于人性，我有研究，略知一二。2 你不该对此事说三道四。3 此乃千载难逢的好机会，你一定要抓住。4 别三心二意了，就这么办吧。5 五大三粗6 不管三七二十一。7 六神无主key1 I have studied human nature, and I know a thing or two.2 You should not have said anything about the matter.3 You must seize the chance. Its a chance of lifetime. (very rare chance)4 Dont b

8、e wavering. Go right ahead.5 big and tall6 do something regardless of the consequences7 restless （in a state of utter stupefaction）三、省略数词翻译活动中，总有一些数词在语法。语言形式上都不符合译文的表达习惯和文化背景，无法找到对等的词来翻译，这时该省则省，但译文在联想意义上应该和原文一致。如：身怀六甲：To be pregnantExamples:六街三市六亲六畜万紫千红一诺千金九死一生Downtown areaAll ones relatives and fri

9、ends(Six) domestic animalsA variety of colorA promise that will be keptA narrow escape from death (a near escape /go)此地无银三百两。A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence.那大汉已有七八分醉。(水浒传)Now the big fellow was already half-drunken.等他们赶来增援时，已是“正月十五贴门神，晚了半月啦”。But they wer

10、e too late for a rescue.有些商场的售货员态度冷若冰霜，拒人千里之外。Shop assistants in some markets are frosty in manner, repelling customers from a distance.翻译磨刀石1 百闻不如一见。2 乱七八糟3 沧海一粟/不足挂齿/不值一提/九牛一毛4 一个巴掌拍不响。5 孤注一掷6 一不做，二不休7 一失足成千古恨key1 Seeing is believing.2 at sixes and sevens3 a drop in the bucket4 It takes two to mak

11、e a quarrel.5 to put all ones eggs in one basket 6 In for a penny, in for a pound. orOne may as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb.7 A hundred years cannot repair a moments loss of honor. orA single slip may cause lasting sorrow.倍数的翻译1 倍数增加表示A 的大小是B 的N倍，或者A比B大N-1倍：A is N times as great (long, much

12、) as B.A is N times greater (longer, more) than B.A is N times the size (length, amount) of B.这本书比那本书厚两倍。This book is three times as thick as (three times thicker than) that one.注：当相比对象B很明显时，英语中的than (as, of)B常被省略。表示“增加到”Increase to N timesIncrease N times /n-foldIncrease by N timesIncrease by a fac

13、tor of N动词increase常用raise, grow, go up, step up, multiply等替换集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.化肥产量比1996年增加了4倍。The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times (by a factor of five) as against 1996.那样可以使代谢率提高

14、一倍或两倍。That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.There is a “N-fold” increase / growth句型据报道，价值破纪录地增长了三倍。There is a four-time increase in value according to the report.A record high increase of four times in value was reported.Double, treble (triple), quadruple这些机器的效率已经提高了两倍或三倍多。The effi

15、ciency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.百分比表达倍数美国移民研究中心1999年9月发表的一份报告指出，移民的贫困率1979年至1997年间增长了123%，移民贫困人口由270万增至770万。1989年至1997年间，新增贫困人口中，移民达300万人，占75%。A report by the American Center for Immigration Research in September, 1999 pointed out that the poverty rate of the immigran

16、ts increased 123 percent between 1979 and 1997, and the population of poor immigrants soared from 2.7 million to 7.7 million. Indeed, between 1989 and 1997, among the newly increased poor population, 3 million (or 75% of the total) were immigrants, accounting for 75 percent of the total.用Again表示倍数A比

17、B多一倍A is as much (large, long) again as B.=A is twice as much as BA比B多一半（A是B的一倍半）A is half as much again as B.A is one and a half times as much as B.2 倍数减少A is N times as small (light, slow) as B.A is N times smaller (lighter, slower) than B.Decrease N timesDecrease by N timesDecrease by a factor of

18、 NThere is a N-fold decrease/ reduction这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半。This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了2/3。Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.该设备的误差率降低了4/5。The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.这种产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。The principal

19、advantage of the product is a two-fold reduction in weight.第二节、活用英语冠词定冠词（the）、不定冠词(a/an)、零冠词汉译英时要注意冠词的适当添加。一、补足不定冠词 a/an1 补充a/an表示次数概念我有权要求你对你的话作一番解释。I have a right to demand an explanation of your words.做了一番视察To make an inspection of 进行一场辩论To have an argument with 汉语动词转化成英语抽象名词时，或使用there be结构时，注意根据

20、上下文和语法需要添加不定冠词气温突然下降。There was a sudden fall in temperature.城里发生了麻疹病。There has been an outbreak of measles in town.2 表示种类或部分概念一种宁静的幸福充满了他的心田。A serene happiness filled his heart.她干工作有惊人的坚忍不拔的毅力。She did her work with a perseverance that was truly amazing.3 添加不定冠词表示具有某种品质的人或物百岁以上的人是很少见的。A man over a hu

21、ndred years old is a rarity.这种红黄纹路的贝壳真是稀奇物。This red and yellow striped seashell is quite a curiosity.drill1 我们的折叠桌是个很方便的家具。2 摄影是一种艺术。3 他以幽默大师闻名，但他现在没有什么幽默了。4 在村与村之间，你几乎看不到一个人。5 少校真诚地喜欢并尊敬他的嫂嫂。+a/ankey1 Our folding table is a great convenience.2 Photography is an art.3 He was famed as a wit, but he h

22、as no wit now.4 You saw hardly a soul between the villages.5 The major had a sincere liking and regard for his sister-in-law.二、补足定冠词、限定词这起犯罪行为很快被发现了。犯罪行为在增加。The crime was soon discovered.Crime is increasing.比较：比较：你觉得这音乐怎样？他的工作是制作音乐。What do you think of the music?His work is to compose music.某些表示人体部位

23、的名词前需加定冠词这种场景会很悦目的。The scene will please the eye.她想方设法训练青年学生的听力。She tried to train the ear of young students.某些表示工具、容器等意义的名词前要加定冠词文强于武。The pen is mightier than the sword.汤姆很喜欢喝酒。Tom is too fond of the bottle.从生到死from the cradle to the grave独一无二的事物前和专有名词中要用定冠词太阳从东方升起。The sun rises in the east.长城The Great Wall在白天In the daydrill1 生活的浮沉使他变得颓废。2 这首歌很好听。3 我总感到对妇女有欠公平。4 他又厚着脸皮要钱了吗？5 她做了富有诗意的动作。6 跟同班同学不和睦是很烦人的。+thekey1 The ups and downs of h