外国文学哈姆雷特revision解析课件

1、哈姆莱特莎士比亚哈姆雷特莎士比亚William Shakespeare1558-1603 Characteristics:A. Religious toleranceB. Comparative social contentment(1)Social order and political stability(2)Great development of national economy(3)Expansion of foreign trade and markets - defeat of the Spanish fleet(4)Establishment of nationalistic

2、consciousness(5)Improvement of peoples life Age of dreams, of adventures, of unbounded enthusiasm and of great confidenceElizabethan Drama Shakespeares Predecessors The University Wits Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) Dr. Faustus William Shakespeare1564-1616Born April 1564 in Stratford-upon-AvonWilli

3、am Shakespeares HomeStratford Grammar SchoolLife in London1582 at age 18 married Anne Hathaway 1592 (28 years old) went to LondonWorking as actor and playwrightFirst accused of borrowing from other playwrights1592-1594 PlagueShakespeare Prospers1598 built Globe TheatreOwned shares in it GentlemenRec

4、ognized as a genius in his own time The Globe TheatreThe hell at the bottom was a space for devils and others to emerge.Roof or covering was called the heavens. Honored as Actor and PlaywrightQueen Elizabeth dies in 1603King James I takes the throneShakespeares company becomes the Kings MenMember of

5、 famous writers groupDeath and Burial at Stratford1610 retired from theatreDies on April 23, 1616 at age 52In death, he leaves a final piece of verse as his epitaph:Good friend, for Jesus sake forbearTo dig the dust enclosed here.Blessed be the man that spares these stones,And cursed be he that move

6、s my bones.His Career:Sonneteer : 154 sonnetsPlaywright: 38 playsRomantic comedies Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth. The Merchant of Venice His romantic tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness. Great tragediesHa

7、mlet OthelloKing LearMacbeth William Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark 活着，还是去死，这真是一个值得思虑的问题。哈姆雷特 有一千个读者，就会有一千个哈姆雷特。恩格斯William ShakespeareHamlet, Act IScene 1: The Ghost, the setting & contextScene 2: Claudius, Gertrude, & HamletScene 3: Laertes, Ophelia, & PoloniusScenes 4 & 5: Hamlet and the G

8、hostHamlet, Act IIScene 1: Polonius and ReynaldoScene 2: Rosencrantz and GuildensternPolonius, Gertrude, and ClaudiusPolonius and HamletHamlet and Rosencrantz & GuildensternHamlet and the PlayersHamlet, Act IIIScene 1: The plot thickens; Hamlet and OpheliaScene 2: Hamlet and the Players Hamlet and H

9、oratioHamlet and OpheliaThe Play within a PlayScene 3: Claudiuss PrayerScene 4: Hamlet & Gertrude; Polonius slainHamlet, Act IVScene 1: Disposing of the corpseScene 2: Hamlet and Rosencrantz & GuildlensternScene 3: In search of the corpseHamlet and CladiusHamlet departs for EnglandHamlet, Act IVScen

10、e 4: Fortinbras marches; Hamlet reflectsScene 5: Ophelias “madness”Laertes “storms” the castleLaertes and OpheliaScene 6: Letter from Hamlet re: pirate shipScene 7: Cladius and Laertes conspireOphelia diesHamlet, Act VScene 1: Clown and gravediggerHamlet and YorickOphelias burialScene 2: Hamlet expl

11、ains his trickOsric invites Hamlet to fencing matchMadness and mayhem ensueFortinbras claims DenmarkThe Ghost of Hamlets Father28He who hesitates is lostWhat the Ghost RequestsThe ghost tells Hamlet to avenge his death. This means that Hamlet will have to kill his uncle.The ghost tells Hamlet not to

12、 harm his mother, but let God determine what will become of her.What Hamlet DoesGets angrySwears to get revengeStarts to think about the ghostIs it a good spirit, telling me the truth?Is it an evil spirit, misleading me?He begins to think, hesitate, and feels he needs more proof before he can act.Ha

13、mlets PlanTo “put on an antic怪诞的，稀奇古怪的disposition”This means hes going to act crazy. Why? What advantage will this offer to Hamlet?Insert a scene in a play called “The Mousetrap” that the court will be seeing.The scene acts out the events of Hamlets fathers death.If the King acts nervous or upset, H

14、amlet will KNOW he is guilty.Plan BPlan AHamlets vengeancesClaudius prays, and Hamlet stops revengeHamlet mistakes Polonius for ClaudiusHamlet sends his friends to their deathsHamlets world falls apartThe Tragedy of HamletClaudiuss planLaureates helps the KingThe Queen changes thingsThe Final Confli

15、ctHamlet wins round one and twoLaureates poisons HamletThe Queen DiesHamlet stabs the KingHamlet diesFortenbrass invades经典台词 To be, or not to be- that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by o

16、pposing end them. 经典台词生存或毁灭, 这是个必答之问题: 是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击, 还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌, 并将其克服。 此二抉择, 就竟是哪个较崇高? 死即睡眠, 它不过如此! 倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患, 那么, 此结局是可盼的! 哈姆雷特的影响莎翁对自己作品的评价 （思想） “给自然照一面镜子，给德行看一看自己的面目，给荒唐看一看自己的姿态，给时代和社会看一看自己的形象和印记。”William Shakespeare名家评论 （语言） “看到这些强烈的词句你怎样想？它们是这样出人意料，不是迟缓地吃力地一个跟着一个而来，而是流畅地大量

17、地成千上万蜂拥而来，犹如泉水中涌出无数水泡，簇拥在一起，纷纭杂沓，层出不穷，使人来不及看到它们的扩展，也来不及看到它们的。” 法泰纳William Shakespeare “一千个读者就会有一千个哈姆莱特”，读完本文后，并请结合全剧，说说你心中的哈姆莱特是一个怎么样的人？人物形象哈姆雷特 哈姆雷特是有理想、好思索的文艺复兴时代人文主义者的典型。 在父死母嫁的悲剧发生之前，他对一节都充满了希望，相信理想是会实现的。他肯定人、相信人，由衷地赞美人。他能平等待人，不以王子自居。他反对封建的血统论，认为“胖胖的国王跟瘦瘦的乞丐是一个桌子上两道不同的菜。”他肯定尘世生活，赞美和追求爱情。剧中：身穿墨黑的

18、外套，脸色悲苦沮丧，酷爱思索而又一再延误行动的忧郁的王子。现在一般用“哈姆雷特”来比喻那些遇事犹豫不决、顾虑重重的人。 名 家 观 点 “从天性上说，哈姆莱特是一个强有力的人，他精力充沛，灵魂伟大，他在软弱时也是伟大而强有力的，因为一个精神强大的人，即使跌倒，也比一个软弱的人奋起的时候高明。” 别林斯基 哈姆雷特挑着理性的灯笼在寻找大写的人。 苏联阿尼克斯特 William Shakespeare名 家 观 点 “一个美丽、纯洁、高贵而道德高尚的人，他没有坚强的精力使他成为英雄，却在一个重担下毁灭，每个责任对它都是神圣的，这个责任却是太沉重他是怎样地徘徊、辗转、恐惧、进退维谷，总是触景生情，总

19、是回忆过去，最后几乎失却他面前的目。” 歌德William Shakespeare纤弱而又明达的心灵 Vs 无法承受的重任。歌德：“这是一株橡树给我栽在一个只应开放娇嫩的花朵的花瓶里。”哈姆雷特，一个纯洁，高尚，有道德，有知识，有决心，只能以思想代替行为，不可能成为英雄的人，就是那个“花瓶”；那项他承担不起，几乎连渺茫的希望都没有，但又决不可推卸的复仇重任，就是那株“橡树”。 一旦“橡树”的根须膨胀开来，“花瓶”就非给挤破不可，这就是悲剧。名 家 观 点 “哈姆莱特像我们每一个人一样真实，但又要比我们伟大。他是一个巨人，却又是一个真实的人。因为哈姆莱特不是你，也不是我，而是我们大家。哈姆莱特不

20、是某一个人，而是人。” 雨果如何看待哈姆莱特这一艺术形象？关于哈姆莱特，一般认为，忧郁、延宕（犹豫、拖延）是他性格中的两大特征关于哈姆雷特的“延宕”的问题 历代评论家和大作家都有关于哈姆雷特长于思考而短于行动的议论，甚至歌德也认为哈姆雷特缺乏行动的能力。哈姆雷特了解简单任务的全部复杂性，他可以一剑刺死克劳狄斯，为父报仇。但他肩负着更为重要的“重整乾坤”的责任，他要把以克劳狄斯为代表的邪恶势力全部铲除。要是采用暗杀的手段，哈姆雷特的斗争便失去了意义。由于双方力量对比悬殊，也使得哈姆雷特在行动过程中，要处处小心，时时谨慎。表面上也会使人理解为“犹豫不决”。 “上帝啊！上帝！ 这人世间的一切常行惯例对于我 显得多可厌、陈腐、乏味和无聊！ 呸呸！啊，这是个芜秽的荒园， 丛生着野草；到处是藜蒿与荆蓁， 塞地幔天。”“时代脱臼了，真糟糕，天生我要把它板正过来” 哈姆雷特意识到，他的责任不是单纯地复仇，杀死一个克劳狄斯，而是要重整乾坤，消灭一切罪恶，按照人文主义的理想来改造现实。哈姆雷特对克劳狄斯的忏悔后的反应：“现在我正好动手，他正在祷告。我现在就干，他就一命归天，我也就报了仇了。这需要算一算。一个恶汉杀死了我的父亲，我这个独生子把这个恶汉却