2015年中考语法专题复习------过去完成时 (2)

1、过 去 完 成 时-The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时： (The Past Perfect Tense)1 定义：表示在过去某一时间 或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，因此这个时态一定要有一个过去的时间或过去的动作。2 结构：助动词had（用于各种人称和数）+过去分词过去完成时1.构成：肯定句 (had + 动词过去分词)：By the end of last month we had/ wed studied four units.否定句 (hadnt + 动词过去分词)：Before 1988, I had not/ hadnt

2、heard of him.一般疑问句: -Had you left when he arrived? -Yes, I had./ No, I hadnt.特殊疑问句：Why had she done a lot of training before she sailed?2.用法：描述在过去某一时间以前完成的动作或事件。如：One of the men couldnt move because he had broken his leg. (过去的过去) （过去） （现在）Man broke leg. Man could not move. Now I am reporting it.注意：1

3、.并不是过去完成的动作就用过去完成时。它是一个相对的时态，强调在过去某一时间点或动作之前发生的动作。如只说明过去完成了某动作，应用一般过去时，如说明对现在而言，已经完成的动作，用现在完成时.比较:He has seen the film. (对现在而言)He had seen the film before he came here. (对过去的动作came而言)He saw the film in 1998. (过去某一确定的时间发生的动作)3. 过去某一时间点可以用by, by the end of, before,等时间短语表示,如：They had made 10,000 TV set

4、s by the end of last month.也可以用主句或从句中的另一个动词过去时表示。如果主句和从句的动作都发生在过去，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。Before he visited Polly, he had called her. (call 在 visit 之前)After she had trained hard, she left on the trip. (train 在 leave 之前)She did a lot of training because she had never sailed. (never sail在do training 之前)

5、 I thanked Mr.Smith who had given me so much help. (give 在 thank 之前)The boy said that he had never done such a bad thing. (never do 在 say 之前) 3 两种情况：(1)用于宾语从句，宾语从句中主句是过去时，从句必须用过去的某一种时态，如果从句是现在完成时，这时要变成过去完成时。eg:He says he has never seen such an exciting match. He said he had never seen such an exciti

6、ng match before. (2)过去的过去（定义） a.句子中有过去的时间 before + 过去的时间点 eg:I had finished my homework before 9 oclock yesterday evening. by + 过去的时间点 eg:I had learned 1,000 words by the end of 2004. b.句子中有过去的动作（通常用时间状语从句来表达，由when,before,by the time 引导）eg:1 When I got to there, the bus had already gone. 2 Before I

7、met her, I had heard a lot about her. 3 By the time we got to the shop , it had already been closed.注意事项：一、主语过去完成时when引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) by短语by the time引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) before引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) 1、1. Tom was frustrated that most of the friends _ when he _ at the party. A. left；had arrived B. lef

8、t；arrivedC. had left；had arrived D. had left；arrived 2、We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned 1.He told me that he (hear)of the door before I left.2.I really forgot if I (lock)the door before I left.3.By the time we got to the station,thetrain (leave)already.4.By the end of last year,they (