学术论文写作2——摘要篇

1、Academic English WritingLecturedBy Cui HTel 十三页Topical HighlightsThe successful circulation of a professional paper depends to a great extent on its abstract. General Functions of Abstract: miniaturizing the text, deciding “yes” or “no”, expending the circulation.Lingusitic Features of

2、Abstract: limited length, categories of abstracts, complete content, formalized structureWrtiting Requirements for Abstract: integrated, concise, consistent, and concentrated. 共十三页General Functions of Abstract:Miniaturizing the textShort concise and highly generalized text, a condensed statement of

3、the contents of a paerA mini-version or a miniature of the document, summarizing the content of main body.A useful tool in searching for information, enables readers to identify the basic content of a document more quickly and conveniently, to determine their interest, and finally to decide whether

4、they need to read the whole document. Deciding “yes” or “no”Directly influences the papers acceptence to a learned journal: the reviewer or editor may be perilously close to a final judgement of the manuscript after reading the abstract alone. Many international conference sponsors just review the a

5、bstract and make the decision without referring to the whole text. Expending the circulationWith the growth of electronic data storage, abstracts dramatically facilitate information retrieval. It may be recorded, sometimes verbatim, by various abstracting services that publish reference volumes used

6、 for literature searching, e.g. Science Abstract, Engineering Abastract, Linguistics Abstracts, etc. 共十三页Lingusitic Features of AbstractLimited lengthNormally, 200 words should be a sensible maximum for a relatively long paper. 50-100 words may suffice for a short article.The length of an abstract g

7、reatly varies depending on the length of the paper and where the abstract appears: each journal or abstracting index has a different requirement. As a general rule, an abstract will be approximately 3-5% of the length of the paper, but is seldom more than 2/3 rds of a page. 共十三页Categories of Abstrac

8、ts1. Descriptive(Indicative) AbstractsUsually states the general subject matter of the document that follows. It tells in a qualitative(定性) way what the paper or report contains.Tells readers what information the report, article, or paper contains.Include the purpose, methods, and scope of the repor

9、t, article, or paper. Usually do not provide results, conclusions, or recommendations. Are always short, usually under 50 words. 描述性摘要，多用于理论(lln)性较强的论文，如专论、评论、综述、数学计算、理论(lln)推导等，主要概括论文的主要论点、分析过程和结论。该类摘要很少传递具体数据，而只告诉读者本文采用了什么方法、讨论了什么问题、得出了什么结论。内容宏观，篇幅较短。综述性、评论性或资料性论文宜写成概括型摘要。这类摘要一般不分段。共十三页Terms： Conv

10、ersion efficiency:换能效率； thermalperformance：热力性能；solar collector array：太阳能集热器阵列(zhn li)；reflected refracted light ray：反射/折射光线；dynamic operating characteristics：动态运行特性 E.g. The Design of a High-efficiency Solar Energy System共十三页2. Informational (informative) AbstractCommunicate specific information fr

11、om the paper, should be specific and quantitative.Include the purpose, methods, and scope of the paper. Highlights the papers findings, results, conclusions and recommendations, briefly but quantitatively（定量(dngling)）, giving mainly essential data. Most of academic journal aricles use informative ab

12、stracts, and the word limit is in general between 100-150 words. Components of Informational Abstract:共十三页E.g. 信息型摘要(informative abstract ) 也称报道型摘要,主要用于实验性和技术性较强的论文,报道论文的研究成果、数据和结论,对于(duy)最佳条件、成功的数据及误差范围、结论及适用范围如实给出。综述论文的主要内容、要旨、重点,还需列出有关的具体数据、实验结果以及采用的方法。内容微观,篇数较长。文字简明准确,很少用修饰语。句子之间没有必然的联系,一句话说明一件事

13、。征文时提交的摘要和独立成篇的文摘属该类型。这类摘要可分段。Terms： Steady state:定态，恒稳态；equation：方程式；nonlinear mode：非线性模型；linearity：线性共十三页摘要(zhiyo)写作的注意事项 为了(wi le)便于检索，科技论文英文摘要结构比较固定，通常由主题句(陈述研究的目的及研究和解决的问题) 、展开句(介绍作了哪些研究及研究的途径、采用的模型、实验范围与方法) 、结尾句(陈述研究结果及评价论文的价值) 组成。其写作要求逻辑连贯(Coherence) 、表达明晰(Clearness) 与畅达( Fluency) 。下面分别从时态、语态

14、、常用句式、篇幅等方面就科技论文英文摘要写作中应遵循的原则逐一进行阐述。共十三页时态 写作(xizu)时常用三种时态:1 一般现在时：这是最常用的时态，描述没有时间性的“评述”、“讨论”、“报导”、“提出”、“认识”、“研究”等客观存在的背景信息介绍，常用现在时态；2 一般过去时：表示撰写论文前已作的工作或分阶段研究中的情况(如描述实验(shyn)活动中实验(shyn)样品的制备、成分、实验(shyn)现象，以及描述实验(shyn)结果、数据、观察结果、得到的效果性能.3 现在完成时：表示某项研究或状态已经完成，强调其影响与作用，或是这种研究或状态到撰写论文时还在持续。共十三页共十三页Thank You !共十三页内容摘要Academic English Writing。描述性摘要，多用