教案呼吸系统lec

1、RESPIRATORY SYSTEM呼 吸 系 统chapter6 李月英西安交通大学医学院人体解剖与组织胚胎学系 General Description * Constituents: Respiratory tract（呼吸道）: - upper respiratory tract nose（鼻）, pharynx（咽）, larynx（喉） - lower respiratory tract trachea（气管）, principal bronchus（主支气 管）and its branches Lung（肺） Pleura（胸膜） Mediastinum（纵隔） * Functio

2、n: to exchange O2 and CO2 mainly Nose 鼻Nose: Nasal cavity nasal vestibule proper nasal cavity nasal septum Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus 额窦 maxillary sinus 上颌窦 sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦 ethmoidal sinus 筛窦 Nasal mucosa olfactory mucosa and respiratory mucosa Larynx 喉 * Position: It is located at anterior

3、 part of neck, in front of 46 cervical vertebrae * Framework: It is formed by laryngeal cartilages and their articulations 1. Cartilages: Thyroid cartilage （甲状软骨） Cricoid cartilage （环状软骨） Epiglottic cartilage （会厌软骨） Arytenoid cartilage (paired) （杓状软骨）laminaAnterior angleMuscular processVocal process

4、2. Articulation: Cricothyroid joint（环甲关节） Cricoarytenoid joint（环杓关节） Conus elasticus（弹性圆锥） vocal ligament（声韧带） Quadrangular membrane（方形膜） vestibular ligament（前庭韧带） Thyrohyoid membrane （甲状舌骨膜）laminaAnterior angleLateral viewLateral viewQuadrangular membrane* Laryngeal muscles 1. Posterior cricoaryten

5、oid 环杓后肌 It can open the glottis 2. Transverse arytenoid 杓横肌 Oblique arytenoid 杓斜肌 Lateral cricoarytenoid 环杓侧肌 They can close the glottis 3. Cricothyroid 环甲肌 Posterior cricoarytenoid They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold 4. Thyroarytenoid 甲杓肌 It can relax and shorten the vocal fold * Laryngeal

6、cavity3 parts: Laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭 Intermediate cavity of larynx Infraglottic cavity 声门下腔 by 2 fissures Vestibular fissure 前庭裂 Fissure of glottis 声门裂Laryngeal inlet 喉口 Vestibular fold 前庭襞Vocal fold 声襞Ventricle of larynx 喉室 The trachea and principal bronchus Lung 肺 * Position: located in the thor

7、acic cavity, both sides of mediastinum, above the diaphragm * Features: apex 尖 base 底 surfaces mediastinal and costal surfaces borders anterior, inferior, and posterior borders* Fissures: oblique and horizontal fissures* Lobes of lung: left lung 2 lobes superior lobe inferior lobe right lung 3 lobes

8、 superior lobe middle lobe inferior lobe * Hilum of lung (medial view of the lung) from up downward- left pulmonary a., principal bronchus, pulmonary v. right bronchus of sup. lobe, pulmonary a., bronchus, pulmonary v.from front backward- pulmonary v., pulmonary a., principal bronchus * The Segments

9、 of the lung The Pleura 胸膜 The definition The Parts: Visceral pleura 脏胸膜 Parietal pleura 壁胸膜 The divisions of parietal pleura- Cupula 胸膜顶 Costal pleura 肋胸膜 Mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜 Diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜 The plural cavity and plural recess The pleura (胸膜)肺和胸膜下界的体表投影 锁骨中线腋中线 肩胛线脊柱旁线 Lungs 6th rib 8th rib 10th rib11th spine Pleura 8th rib 10th rib 11th rib12th spine Mediastinum 纵隔The definitionThe Parts: 三分法： superior mediastinum inferior med