英语同步练习题考试题试卷教案高考英语关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题

1、专题复习：关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生 词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一 个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所 必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。常用的问题形式：He underlined word (phrasR in the passage meansThe word it (them) in th

2、e first paragraph refers toThe underlined sentence in the last paragraph meansWhich of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph?What does (do) the underlined word (words) refer to?According to the passage J probably means.The author uses the word “”to mean.T

3、he underlined word/phrase/team “means.The word In paragraph refers to .What does “”in the second paragraph stands for?The sentence “”means.例如：Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period

4、 is good for the tree.The underlined word yielded most probably means.A. sold B. bought C. improved D. producedAnother source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult

5、 for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveri

6、es of what had existed in this area long ago.In this paragraph the phrase this wide, confused wilderness refers to.A. personal experienceB. wild weeds among good plantsC. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices猜词悟义方法：、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所

7、作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义定义解释形式多样， 常由 be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, or , that is to say, in other words, be called1 词汇或破折号来表示。例如：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.In slang the term jam constitutes a state

8、 of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.A person who skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.2、根据复述猜测词义Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necess

9、aryif you are to speak and read intelligently.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.The new building, a five-story edifice, was completed last month. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric change, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.)Som

10、e organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers- those who can understand as well as speak many languages.Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.3、根据举例猜测词义The consequencesof ep

11、ochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.You can take any of the periodicals : The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.二、内在逻辑关系1、根据对比关系猜测义表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是while, not, but, h

12、owever, yet, otherwise,though, despite, in spite of , in contrast和 while引导的并列句等。在这些表示转折 意义的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通 过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义的。如：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.A good supervisor can recognize instantly the ade

13、pt workers from the unskilled ones.Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby .(4)John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things; his wife, however, is very thrifty.2、根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similariyoqu

14、acious.3、根据因果关系猜测词义Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.She wanted the hairdresser torim her hair a bit because it was too long

15、.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.4、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not

16、 want to jeopardize his future.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health, They also regard drinking as harmful.三、外部相关因素外部相关因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章 内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：Husband: its really cold out tonight.Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically n

17、umb .(How about lighting the furnace?)The snakeslithered through the grass.1、根据前缀猜测词义例如：He fell into a ditch and lay here,semiconscious, for a few minutes.I m illiterate about such things.2、根据后缀猜测词义Insecticide is applied where it is needed.Then the vapor may change intodroplets.3、根据复合词的各部分猜测词义Growin

18、g economic problems werehighlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Bullfight is very popular in Spain.综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。 在实 践中，我们可以灵活运用，综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍， 顺利理解文章的思想内容，提高阅读速度。真题欣赏(2005全国卷I第61题)The underlined word detour in paragraph 5 means.A. a drive through the townB. a race across

19、the fieldsC. a roundabout way of traveling D. a journey in the mountain area（2005全国卷I第68题）By saying Middle children are invisible “in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children.have to help their parents to serve dinnerget the least attention from the familyare often kept away from the dinner tab

20、lefind it hard to keep up with other children（2005全国卷II第44题）The underlined word chapter, in paragraph 2 means.A. one branch of an organization B. a written agreement of a clubC. one part of a collection of poems D. a period in a societys history（2005湖南卷，第60题）The underlined word pesetas in paragraph

21、2 is a kind of.A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin（2005 重庆卷，第 68题）The underlined phrase out-of-the-way in Paragraph 4 means.A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret（2005浙江卷， 第47题）When the writer says that animals seem to be catching orn, he means.animals begin to realize the d

22、angers on the road.animals begin to learn to use ecopassagesanimals are crossing the road in groupsanimals are increasing in number（2005安徽卷，第56题）The underlined word survey in the first paragraph most probably means. A. research B. review C. exhibitionD. examination（2005福建卷，第70题）The underlined part t

23、he area is a feast for the eyesin the passage meansA. the area is pleasing to the eye B. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the touristseye D. the area is crowded with tourists情景体验猜测各句中划线生词词义Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses. Pots, tools

24、 and weapons.A、地理学 B、生态学 C、心理学 D、考古学This strict officers is a martinet , a person who demands total obedience服从）to rules. Discipline and orders.A、专制的人B、软弱的人C、强硬的 D、要求严格服从纪律和命令的人Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than h predecess

25、ors.A、上级 B、前任 C、同事 D、下级The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was.A、昏昏欲睡的B、亢奋的 C、欣喜若狂的D、麻木的All his attempts to unlock the door wasfutile , because he was using the wrong key.A、成功的 B、徒劳的C、有效的 D、仓促的She did not hear what you said bec

26、ause she was completely engrossed in her reading.A、心不在焉的B、紧张的C、全神贯注的D、睡意浓的One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.A、症状 B、疾病 C、恐惧 D、威胁In the strong wind, the beggarshivered with the terrible cold.A、流泪 B、乞讨C、呻吟 D、颤抖The hot tropical weather created a feeling ofassitude and encour

27、aged laziness.A、兴奋 B、厌恶 C、清醒D、疲倦To quite a great many people, money is anrresistible temptation.A、不可抗拒的B、可抗拒的 C、接受的 D、不可接受的This fishing village of 1480 people is a bleak and lonely place, even in a country located at the top of the world.A、偏远的 B、平静的 C、海边的 D、荒凉的If and when these new measures arrolled

28、 out. They will be welcomed.A、试验 B、推行 C、滚出 D、起草Boys think of school as purgatory on the way to a future of finding riches at sea; for girls, it s their ticket out of school.A、受罪 B、关键C、阻碍 D、帮助Educations say they watch many bright girls suddenly recoil in the face of head-to-head competition with boys

29、.A、盘旋 B、退缩 C、胜出 D、反弹The vocabulary of dress that learn includes not only items of clothing but also hairstyles. Jewelry, and other bodydecoration .A、形状 B、状况 C、装饰 D、奖章短文阅读理解：(A) Yet, shopkeepers mayhave to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters , who always take away things from

30、 the shop without paying for them.What does the underlined word shoplifter mean?A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C商店里的老顾客D商店里的搬运工He was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month- longYouth Summit”. The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary of President Nixons journey to China, which was the tu

31、rning point in ChinaU.S. relation.The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions.The words Youth Summit “ refer to.A. visit to the Nixon Library B. the Chinese students visit to the U.Sa meeting discuss

32、ing relations between China and U.S.activities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students.(C)You should see words as part of a whole sentence or paragraph, not just in isolation.The underlined phrase probably means.A. in a word B. separately C. one word D. slowly(D)The largest

33、player - Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices- deluxe sedans, munivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.The word deluxe sedans, minivans and station wagons used in the text refer to.A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars fo

34、r rent D. car makers(E)The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their liv

35、es.The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King s baker(面包师)in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery(面包房)into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street.

36、That was the beginning.The underlined word family in the second paragraph means.A. home B. children C. wife and husband D. wife and children2005年高考英语全国卷I (B)Montreal(Reuters)-Crossing the US-Canada border to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen $10,000 for breaking Washingtorns strict new secu

37、hty(安全)rules.The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to chur

38、ch.There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the USwhich in some cases actuallyruns down the middle of streets or through buildings.As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to th

39、e US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs station in this area is closed on Sundays, so he just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appearedlast May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later, Albert was told to go to the cu

40、stoms office, where an officer told him he had been caught on camera crossing the border 川egally.Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That force

41、s the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint. Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since,. I feel like Im living in a prison, he said.The underlined word detour in

42、 paragraph 5 means.A. a drive through the town B. a race across the fieldsC. a roundabout way of traveling D. a journey in the mountain area 2005年高考英语全国卷I(D)As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis

43、 has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping (录像)the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They fond that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the num

44、ber of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. in general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children s IQ scores, Lewis says, And the more children there are, the

45、 less question-asking there is.The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings (兄弟姐妹).Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child. Who has the most to

46、 talk about,. And the youngest, who needs the most attention. Middle children are invisible, says Lewis. When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are its the middle child, There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from havin

47、g attention: When the TV is on, Lewis says, dinner is a non-event.68. By saying Middle children are invisible, in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children.have to help their parents to serve dinnerget the least attention from the familyare often kept away from the dinner tablefind it hard to ke

48、ep up with other children 2005年高考英语全国卷II (B)They days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society-a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.My grandmothers didnt do anything but keep house and serve everybody. They were progr

49、ammed to do that. said Emily Comette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat society.While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf, women have sometimes seemed to became unnoticed as they age. But the penetration now turning 50 is the baby boomers往育高峰期出生的人 ），and the same people

50、who refused their parents way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old.If you take into consideration feminism（女权主义），a bit of spare money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable（、然的）.In this society, women over 50 wear red hats and purple clothe

51、s, while the women under 50 wear pink hats and light purple clothing.The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins; When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple. With a red hat which doesn t go, ” said Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society in 1998. When the ladies sta

52、rted to wear the red hats, they attracted lots of attention.The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else： Cooper said. Women feel so ashamed and sorry when they do something for themselves. This is why chapters are discouraged from raising money or doing anyt

53、hing useful. We re a ladies play group. It couldnt be more simple,” added Coopers assistant Joe Heywood.44.The underlined word chapter in paragraph 2 means.A. one branch of an organizationB. a written agreement of a clubC. one part of a collection of poemsD. a period in a societys history2005年高考英语湖南

54、卷（B）Collections were the inspiration for a project at Thomas Tallis School, which formed part of the Imagine Children s Literature Festival last autumn. Each child（aged 12-13） beautified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it. The boxes were spread within the Royal

55、Festival Hall s Ballroom. Some were left empty to encourage visitors to wrote own stories.The subject chosen by Lauren was an imaginative one. It s a sort of Cinderella story,“ she told me, inspired by a collection of letters from her cousin. In the story these become love letters, burned by a cruel

56、 stepmother. Laurens best friend Charlotte is the stepmother. Im in Charlotte s story too, says Lauren, and I get run over. Charlotte s tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. We ve collected foreign coins for years- since our families went on holiday to Tenerife, she explains. That was befo

57、re the Euro, so we put pesetas in. Lauren continues: f find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. Im in hospital and then I die. Charlotte adds:Or she might not die. I haveH t decided yet.”Millie Murray, who is a teen-novel author, thinks that setting the subject of collections was a us

58、eful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction. In the beginning I though, Will the children be able to do it? she says, But its been fruitful. Some have their own collection, some have parents who do, and some have written complete stories. It made them think about something they wo

59、uldnt have otherwise, which can only be a good thing.60. The underlined word pesetas in Paragraph 2 is a kind of.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin2005年高考英语重庆卷（D）Everyone should visit a lighthouse at least once.The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestor

60、s battled nature with the basic tools they had. They had only basic ways of creating light, and yet they found a way of using this simple technology in isolated（孤零零的）places to save ships from hitting rocks.Secondly, visiting lighthouses will help us to understand the lives of lighthouse keepers. By