高二英语暑假作业3

1、高二英语暑假作业（3）第一局部阅读理解第一节阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。AArchitect Daniel Libeskind is the designer of some global landmarks such as New Yorks One World Trade Center and Berlins Jewish Museum. In his new book, he reviews his life*s work and its inspirationsincluding these books.Alices Adventures in

2、Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll. I love Lewis Carroll; hes a total genius （天才）His two classic works are childrens books for grown-ups because they show aspects of the creative mind that we all have but seldom use in adulthood. Inspired by Carroll, I make a habit of trying to

3、learn seven amazing things before breakfast.Ulysses by James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you could recreate the entire city from this novel. You cant do urban planning without Ulysses because it is a labyrinth （迷宫）you can never leave.In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust.

4、 Prousts great novel is really a book of reflections about how architecture-our living spaces一creates a blueprint （蓝图）for our dreams, our desires, our emotions, and our memories. Where we have lived, what we have eaten, and what kind of cups we useall of those aspects are examined here in minute det

5、ail.Emily Dickinsons Herbarium about Emily Dickinsons work. From childhood onward, Dickinson collected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in her garden in Amherst. Through the pictures in this book, you can see how her poetry-all her symbols, all her metaphors （隐喻）,the colors she mentions

6、mirrors nature. You dont even have to read her poetry to see what a great artist she was.1 .Which of the following books is set in Dublin?A. Ulysses.In Search of Lost Time.Alices Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass.Emily Dickinsons Herbarium.Who was interested in various plants?A. J

7、ames Joyce.B. Emily Dickinson.C. Marcel Proust.D. Lewis Carroll.What can be learned about the books mentioned in the text?They are all novels.They are written for children.They offer inspirations to Daniel Libeskind.They focus on the power of nature.答案以及解析第一局部阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3 ABC解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的U/

8、ysses by James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you could recreate the entire city from this novel.可知在 尤利西斯 书中，乔伊斯曾经说过，如果都柏林被摧毁了，你可以从这部小说中重建整个城市。由此 可知该书的背景为都柏林。应选A。.细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的From childhood onward, Dickinson collected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in her gard

9、en in Amherst.可知从孩提时代起，狄金森就开始 收集、整理和分类她在花园里种植的植物。所以她对各种各样的植物感兴趣。应选B。.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的In his new book, he reviews his lifes work and its inspirationsincluding these books.可知他在新书中回顾了他一生的工作及其灵感包括文 章中提到的书籍。由此可知文中提到的书为他提供了灵感。应选C。B答案：1-4 DBAC解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的The AlphaGo programs victory is an example of h

10、ow smart computers have become.”可知，AlphaGo的例子，是为了说明电脑非常聪明。应选D。.细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge J可知，具有挑战性的事情是教会人工智能有关伦理 道德的知识。应选B。.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but so

11、me people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler”可知，Taylor区分不清善与恶。应选A。.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中He thinks AI will be positive for humans.可知，他认为 人工智能对人类是有价值的。应选C。C答案：1-4 BACD解析：1.细节理解题。文中第一段提到Many believe that music helps boost creativity, but an international study

12、 conducted by British and Swedish researchers is challenging that belief.”作者 以莫扎特和金属乐队的音乐为例，提出人们在画画、写作的时候都会听音乐，很多人认为 音乐会帮助他们激发创造力，然而英国和瑞士的一项研究却发现事实正好相反。另外，分 析文章可知，本文为说明文，文章第一段通过举例子来引出文章的主旨，B项符合题意。 应选B。.词义猜想题。文中第一段第二句提到Many believe that music helps boost creativity, but an international study conduct

13、ed by British and Swedish researchers is challenging that belief.大多 数人都认为音乐能刺激创造力，但一项研究说明他们的发现可能会挑战大多数人的信仰， 即音乐会阻碍人们的创造力。block阻碍;boost增加；inspire激发；strengthen加强。A项符 合文意。应选A。.推理判断题。文章第二段提到participants were given three words, such as dress, dial, and flower.form a common phrase or word.”在这项实验中，实验者会给参与者

14、三个单词，然后 要求参与者找出和这三个单词相关联的词，同时还可以组成共同的短语或词。根据题意， work与这三个词可以组成相关联的词：fire+work=firework烟火，place+work=workplace工作 场所，book+work=workbook练习册。C项符合题意。应选C。.细节理解题。文中第二段提到The tasks were simple word games.”故A项错误。第二段最 后句提至Participants completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or a room with three different ty

15、pes of music”故B项错误。最后一段提至.regardess of the presence of the semantic (语义 的)content (no lyrics, familiar lyrics or unfamiliar lyrics)故C项错误。第四段提到the library background noises having seemingly no effect, the studys authors believe that was the case because library noises create a steady state11 environm

16、ent that doesnt disrupt concentration1, D 项符合文意。应选D。D 答案：1-3 DBA解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的In the 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia.KT知，19世纪60年代, 随着氯喳开始失效，疟疾开始在东南亚重新出现。由此可知，氯喳过去对疟疾是有效的。 应选D。2,推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的But later, when

17、Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Tsin Dynasty, it occurred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinins effectiveness it needs a low temperature to work properly.可知后来屠呦呦发现了晋朝葛洪的一 篇相关文章，她意识到高温会破坏青蒿素的功效，它需要低温才能正常发挥作用。由此可 知，屠呦呦读了葛洪的一篇文章后，她试图用低温加热提取物。应选B。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的At t

18、he age of 39, Tu began to devote her life to her research.In 2015, at the age of 85, she received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.可知从 39岁开始，屠呦呦开始献身于她的研究。2015年，85岁的她获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学 奖。由此可推知，屠呦呦脚踏实地，毕生投入到青蒿素的研究当中，故”种瓜得瓜，种豆得 豆”最能概括屠呦呦成功的主要原因。应选A。弟一下答案：-DEAGB解析：根据上文提示”我们都认为自己知道如何放松。但是在电视或电脑前放松并不是真

19、 正的放松。（这取决于你在看什么或做什么，它甚至会让你更紧张。）酒精、毒品和烟草 也是如此。”可知，此处承接上文，D 项They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but its a false and temporary state of relaxation.（它们似乎可以缓解焦虑或压力，但这是一种虚假的、 暂时的放松状态）”切题。该项中的they指代上文提到的酒精等东西。应选D。根据上文提示“想让你的身心感到平静和强大，足以应对生活的起起伏伏吗？ ”和下文提 示”吃得好：选择水果、蔬菜、精益蛋白和全谷物，以获得长期的能量（而不是因为摄入过 多的

20、糖或咖啡因而导致的短暂能量爆发）”可知，此处承上启下，E项Get the right amount of sleep for your needs一not too much or too little.（根据你的需要保证适当的睡眠，不要睡得 太多或太少）”切题。应选E。此空是一个小标题，应该用短小精悍的祈使句，所以在A和B中选择。根据空格下文内 容”花时间和朋友或家人在一起。有组织的活动很好，但只是闲逛也行。”推知，A项 “Connect with others.（与他人联系）”切题。应选A。根据下文内容”（选择一个你觉得平安的地方，这样你可以放松，享受周围的环境。）步 行、徒步旅行、越野自行

21、车或雪鞋健行提供了锻炼的额外好处。”可知，空格引出下文，G 项Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help too.（去公园散步或在树林 里远足也有帮助）”切题。应选G。根据上文提示“让我们的思想远离烦恼的一个好方法是把我们的思想集中在好的、美丽 的、积极的事情上。”和下文提示”允许自己去梦想，去许愿，去想象可能发生的最好的事 情”可知，此处承上启下，B项Appreciate the small, everyday blessings.（感激每天的小恩 惠）”切题。应选B。第二局部语言知识运用第一节答案：1

22、-5.BACBD; 6-10.CADBD; 11-15.ACCDA解析：1 .考查动词。句意:但不管他学了多少，参加了多少测试，他从来都没有被选上在太空飞 行。A.注意;B.选择;C.邀请;D.允许。此处可以理解为一种选拔，通过后文的关键词selection 也可知选B。.考查名词。句意:也就是说，他永远也无法实现他的梦想了。A.梦想;B.任务;C.闲暇;D.信 念。根据上文可知，成为宇航员是Parker从小的梦想。应选A。.考查名词。句意:想想Parker为成为一名宇航员所付出的所有时间和努力，人们都为他感到 遗憾。A.名誉;B.力量;C.努力;D.实践。上文说Parker为了成为宇航员学了

23、很多，参加了很多 测试，这些都是他为梦想付出的努力。应选C。.考查形容词。句意同上。A.开心的;B.遗憾的;C.紧张的;D.关键的。根据上文可知,Parker为 成为一名宇航员付出了很大的努力，却一直未能如愿,人们为他感到遗憾。应选B。.考查动词。句意:尽管Parker被告知的是他必须放弃他的梦想，但是他继续训练和学习，仿 佛下个月他就要去考试一样。A.忽视;B.忘记C开展;D.放弃。上文说他已经超过了参加选 拔考试的最大年龄，所以这里指他被告知放弃自己的飞天梦。应选D。.考查连词。句意同上。A.以便;B.既然,由于;C仿佛;D.即使。Parker继续训练和学习，仿佛 下个月他就要去考试一样。

24、应选C。.考查动词短语。句意:随着年龄的增长，他继续学习和训练，当他很老的时候,他听说他们正 在做一些非常重要的医学实验。A.继续;B.呈现;C关掉:D.下车。应选A。.考查形容词。句意:为了进行那些实验，他们需要一个年纪非常大的字航员。A.生病的;B.有 经验的;C.积极的;D.老的。根据下文was the only old man in the whole world可知，他们所需要 的是一位年纪大的宇航员。应选D。.考查动词。A.计划;B.训练;C.被迫;D.拒绝。根据上文可知，尽管Parker因超龄而被告知必 须放弃梦想,但多年来他一直坚持学习和训练。应选B。.考查名词。句意:因此,P

25、arker发现自己在太空遨游，这完全是在科学的帮助下进行的。A. 寂静;B.危险;C.行动;D.太空。根据第一段中的“he was never 1 to fly in space”可知此处指”在 太空遨游”。应选D。.考查名词。句意:显然，在那些任务中所获得的知识有助于治愈老年人最严重的疾病 之。A.知识;B.友谊;C.钱;D.机会。应选A。.考查动词。句意:Parker被人们称赞为英雄。A.代替;B.教育;C.赞扬;D.影响。根据“as a hero”可知,Parker被人们称赞为英雄。应选Co.考查动词。句意:这个拄着拐杖没有牙齿的宇航员的照片在全世界传播开来，这些照片成 了“你再怎么训练

26、和学习都不为过。”这句话的象征。A.移动;B.飞;C传播;D.拿走。根据”疝 over the world”可知,此处指”在全世界传播开来”。应选Co.考查名词。句意:这说明了坚持不懈的努力总会带来回报，即使这种回报的形式可能不像 我们开始期待的那样。A.奖，奖品;B.奖赏;C.结果;D.回报,报偿。Parker凭借坚持不懈的努力 最后才实现了飞天梦，这充分证明了努力终会换来回报。应选D。.考查动词。句意同上。A.期待;B.猜;C建议;D证明。根据上文的讲述,Parker年轻时为了 实现自己的飞天梦一次次尝试却一次次失败，没想到在风烛残年的时候实现了自己的梦想，但 梦想并不是以最初他所期待的那

27、种形式实现的。应选A。第二节答案：where held (Dawareness a Dating to make guidance were given enjoyable on解析：句意为:众所周知，江西景德镇是世界瓷器的中心，当地的瓷器非常抢手。分析句子 结构可知，设空处引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词Jingdezheno故填 where o根据时间状语Last year可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填held。设空处作build的宾语,其前有名词所有格students修饰,应用名词。故填awarenesso 句意为:我们的第一站是中国陶瓷博物馆,它收藏了一批独特而精美的瓷器,

28、这些瓷器是用 陶土和石头等材料制成的。collection为可数名词,此处泛指”一批独特精美的瓷器收藏品二 且unique的发音以辅音音素开头,其前应用不定冠词a。故填a。句意为:早在新石器时代,陶土就被用来制作陶器,人们用它们来装水和食物。was used为 主句的谓语,动词date与其之间无连词连接,应用非谓语形式作状语。动词date与其逻辑主 语clay之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Dating。be used to do为固定短语，意为”被用来做故填to make。设空处作介词Under的宾语,且前有定冠词the,后有介词of,应用名词形式,表示“指导”。 故填 guidanceo

29、此处讲述的事情发生在过去,且复数主语we与give之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的 被动语态，故填were given o句意为:这个为期两天的活动非常令人愉快且意义非凡。设空处作表语，修饰activity,且 与meaningful并歹U,应用形容词。故填enjoyableoon one*s own为固定搭配，意为独立地；单独地”。故填on。第三局部写作第一节答案：Dear Tony,Learning that you are fond of the ancient Chinese buildings, I strongly recommend the Forbidden City to y

30、ou. Located in the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City has a history of over 600 years. It is the largest wooden royal palace in the world, where you can see various buildings and decorations featuring the splendid Chinese culture and reflecting the wisdom of ancient Chinese architects. To get a b

31、etter knowledge of it, I suggest you go with a professional guide.I heartily hope you can come and visit the Forbidden City. Im sure it wont fail you.Yours,Li Hua 第二节 答案：Inspired hy his own life story, David decided to do something for that boy. He went to the woman, who immediately recognized him b

32、ecause she had read his books and seen his pictures. David started to chat with her. He told her that what she said to her boy was not appropriate. Then he told her about the encouragement he once got from Mrs Brown. In the end, he said, nI couldnt have become a writer if I had believed T was good a

33、t nothing.nThe mother was ashamed when she heard that. She realized that she shouldnt have called her son a stupid boy, which would make him lose confidence in himself. So she said, nThank you for your advice. Til never say such things to him again. Instead, Til find out what he*s good at and encour

34、age him. The woman then left with the boy. Looking at the back of the boy, David felt relieved, hoping his action could make a difference to the boy.The AlphaGo programs victory is an example of how smart computers have become. But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically-can they be

35、honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they

36、will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself not to the passengers?Perhaps there will

37、 be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGos victory, Microsofts chatbot took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to a

38、nswer messages from people aged 18一24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned

39、 her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGos victory and Taylofs defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of

40、 the real world may bring a troubling software problem to the surface.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He says people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just

41、 better human beingsH.1 .What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo*s victory?Computers will surpass human beings.Computers have unmatched potential.Computers are mans potential opponents.Computers can become highly intelligent.What is said to be the bigger challenge in the AI age

42、?How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.What do we learn about Microsoffs nchatbotn Taylor?She could not distinguish

43、 good from bad.She could turn herself off when necessary.She was not made to handle strange situations.She was good at performing routine tasks.What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?It will be superior to human beings.It will keep improving as time goes by.It will prove to be valua

44、ble to human beings.It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.CFrom Mozart to Metallica, tons of people enjoy listening to various types of music while they paint or write. Many believe that music helps boost creativity, but an international study conducted by British and Swedish researchers is c

45、hallenging that belief. Their findings indicate that music actually stymies creativity.To come to their conclusions, researchers had participants complete verbal insight problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room, and then again while music played in the background. They f

46、ound that background music significantly damaged the participants ability to complete tasks associated with verbal creativity. The research team also tested background noises such as those commonly heard in a library, but found that such noises had no impact on subjects* creativity. The tasks were s

47、imple word games. For example, participants were given three words, such as dress, dial, and flower. Then, they were asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word. The single word, in this case, would be nsunn (sundress, sunflower, etc).

48、 Participants completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or a room with three different types of music: music with unfamiliar lyrics, instrumental music, or music with familiar lyrics.nWe found strong evidence of damaged performance when playing background music in comparison to quiet background co

49、nditions,1 says co-author Dr. Neil McLatchie of Lancaster University.Dr. McLatchie and his colleagues theorize that music interferes with the verbal working memory processes of the brain, blocking creativity. Also, as far as the library background noises having seemingly no effect, the studys author

50、s believe that was the case because library noises create a “steady state* environment that doesnt disrupt concentration. Its worth mentioning that even familiar music with well known lyrics damaged participants1 creativity, regardless of whether or not it caused a positive reaction, or whether part

51、icipants typically studied or created while listening to music.To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music strengthens creativity, and instead demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of the semantic (语义的)content (no lyrics, familiar lyrics or unfamiliar lyrics ),

52、consistently disrupts creative performance in insight problem solving, the study reads.1 .Why are Mozart and Metallica mentioned at the beginning?To prove they are very creative.To introduce the topic of the text.To show the importance of music.To offer some background information.2.What does the un

53、derlined word stymies, in the first paragraph probably mean?A. Blocks.B. Boosts.C. Inspires.D. Strengthens.3.1f the participants were given the words fire, place and book during the game, a proper answer could be.A. manB. storeC. workD. birth4.What do we know about the study?The tasks were very diff

54、icult for participants to finish.All participants were exposed to two different types of music.Music with famous lyrics didnt harm participants* creativity.Library background noises hardly affected participants* creativity.DThe disease malaria （疟疾）has caused mankind trouble throughout history. In th

55、e 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia. Every country in the world then poured large quantities of human resources into discovering another antimalarial drug. In 1964, China put forward the plan to break new ground in t

56、raditional Chinese medicinal herbs. There was no great discovery until 1981, when Chinese scientist Tu Youyou gave a speech titled Chemical Research into Artemisinin （青蒿素）at an international conference of the WHO. The speech was regarded as a lifeline for malaria sufferers.Tu Youyou graduated from P

57、eking University Health Science Center. In 1969, just as the research into treating malaria had reached a dead end, 39-year-old Tu, in order to overcome this terrible problem, took on the job as head of a research team of this problem. The first thing Tu did was interview experienced doctors of Chin

58、ese medicine. Then she and her colleagues conducted various kinds of experiments on hundreds of kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs, including the artemisia. However, the results were disappointing: even those involving artemisinin, which had been universally well-regarded, were less than satisfactory.

59、But later, when Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Tsin Dynasty, it occurred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinins effectiveness: it needs a low temperature to work properly. The discovery helped Tu and her research team to think outside the box. Finally, in 1972, art

60、emisinin was found to be one hundred percent effective against the disease!In 2000 WHO announced artemisinin was a leading antimalarial drug, and promoted it worldwide. So far, it has been playing a great role in the battle against malaria. At the age of 39, Tu began to devote her life to her resear