轻型木结构防火-加拿大（中英文）

1、多层住宅建筑木结构防火Fire Control in Wood-Frame Multi Family BuildingsCanada Wood ShanghaiHerbert Otto B. Arch., MRAIC木结构施工指南在隔声和防火设计方面提供了很多的信息This Best Practice guide provides essential information on both sound and fire control火灾统计 Fire Statistics在北美，木结构房屋的火灾伤亡记录和不燃材料房屋建筑的火灾伤亡记录是相当的。 In North America, the f

2、ire casualty records of wood-frame houses is similar to that of non combustible apartment buildings大部分的伤亡和破坏是由家具等物品引起的 Most casualties and fire damages are caused by dwelling contents小型建筑物的规范 Code for small buildings加拿大国家建筑规范第9章Part 9 of the National Building Code建筑面积小于600 m2 Building area under 600

3、 m2 较大的建筑要用防火墙隔开，每个区域的面积小于600 m2 Larger building divided by fire walls into building areas of less than 600 m2小于3层 Less than 3 storeys in height适用于住宅，商业和轻工业 Used for housing, commercial, and light industrial 加拿大住宅不同的设计：Canadian housing accommodates a variety of designs:商业和公寓额混合结构Mixed use commercial

4、& apartment防火 Controlling Fire加拿大规范明确的规定了安全等级Canadian Codes have clearly defined occupant safety criteria所有的住宅都要安装烟感装置 Smoke detectors are required in all houses建议安装一氧化碳监测装置 CO detectors are recommended.距离逃生通道的距离不能超过规定的要求 Travel distances to exits must not be exceeded上层要求设置额外的避难平台和出口 Additional area

5、s of refuge and egress required from upper storeys隔离并控制烟气 Smoke separations and control家用报警装置Alerting Home Occupants 所有的住宅都要安装烟感装置 Smoke detectors are required in all houses 建议安装一氧化碳监测装置 CO detectors are recommended.加拿大规范中生命安全是最根本的原则 Life safety is a fundamental priority in Canadian codes安全是指按照规范要求的

6、逃生方式Safe means of escape from housing are required in Codes.防火-火源Controlling Fire - Ignition到热源的距离 Clearance from heat sources电气安装标准 Electrical installation standards机械安装标准 Mechanical installation standards保护易燃材料Protection of flammable construction materials防火-火势的发展Controlling Fire - Growth控制易燃的表面和装

7、修 Limiting flammability of surfaces and finishes自动喷淋系统 Automatic sprinkler systems保护可燃的结构 Protected combustible construction不燃的结构 Non combustible construction防火-单元之间Controlling Fire Between dwellings防火墙 Fire resistant walls防火楼盖 Fire resistant floors建筑区域采用防火墙分隔 Building compartmentalization with fire

8、walls空腔内的防火挡块 Fire stopping of cavities管道内的阻火装置 Fire dampers in ducts限制距离 Limiting distances不同的防火分区Various types of Fire Compartments单元内的划分 Unit compartmentalization防火挡块Fire stopping建筑尺寸Building Size喷淋系统Sprinklered结构Construction构造Assembly耐火极限Fire-resistance防火分隔Fire Separation建到4层，面积有限制Up to 4 storey

9、s, area limits是Yes轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frame or heavy timber *j楼盖 Floors 1 h是Yes夹层 Mezzanines 1 h否No内部楼盖 Internal Floors 1 h k否No建到3层，允许面积稍大Up to 3 storeys, greater area limits否No轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frame or heavy timber *j楼盖 Floors 1 h是Yes夹层 Mezzanines 1 h否No屋盖 Roofs 1 h否No内部楼盖 Internal Floors 1 h k否No建到3层，

10、面积有限制Up to 3 storeys, area limits是Yes轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frame or heavy timber *j楼盖 Floors h是Yes夹层 Mezzanines h否No内部楼盖 Internal Floors h k否No建到3层，面积有限制Up to 3 storeys, area limits否No轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frame or heavy timber *j楼盖 Floors h是Yes夹层 Mezzanines h否No内部楼盖 Internal Floors h k否No* 可以使用不燃材料 Non-combust

11、ible construction is also permitted.j 重木结构构件耐火极限要按1小时设计 Heavy timber members need to be designed to provide 1 h. fire-resistance rating.k 单层的住宅单元没有耐火极限的要求 No rating is required for unstacked dwelling units.耐火极限Fire-resistance rating楼层Storeys最小建筑面积Maximum building area (m2)面向一条街Facing 1 Street面向两条街Fa

12、cing 2 Streets面向三条街Facing 3 Streets1 h12,4003,0003,6001 h21,2001,5001,8001 h38001,0001,2000.75 h11,8002,2502,7000.75 h29001,1251,3500.75 h3600750900无喷淋系统-和建筑面积、高度和街道朝向相关的要求Ratings as they relate to building area, height and street exposure - unsprinklered耐火极限Fire-resistance rating楼层Storeys最小建筑面积Maxi

13、mum building area (m2)7,2001 h23.6001 h32,4001 h41,8000.75 h15,4000.75 h22,7000.75 h31,800有喷淋系统-和建筑面积、高度相关的要求Ratings as they relate to building area & height - Sprinklered防火 Controlling fire墙体细节 Wall details墙体细节 Wall details墙体细节 Wall details非承重隔墙的细节（两个单元之间）Detail of non load bearing party wall (between two units)双拼墙骨柱隔墙在走廊处的细节Detail of double stud party wall meeting a corridor天花板防火挡块和隔声构造的细节Detail of fire stopping at a bulkhead at the ceiling at fire and sound separations.(Bulkheads used for services)典型的木结构多层住宅建筑Typical Wood Multi Family Building使用前就要设置的防