常用专业英文词汇

1、电路原理专业词汇表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits*Chapter 1Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)电路electrical circuit压控电流源电路模型circuit modelvoltage controlled current source(VCCS)电源source流控电压源负载loadcurrent controlled voltage source(CCVS)导线line流控电流源开关s

2、witchcurrent controlled current source(CCCS)电流current节点node电荷electric charge支路branch电压voltage回路loop电位potential路径path电位差potential difference网孔mesh电位升potential rise网络network电位降potential drop基尔霍夫电流定律参考点reference pointKirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)电动势electromotive force (e.m.f )基尔霍夫电压定律电动势electromotive for

3、ceKirchhoffs Voltage Law(KVL)功率power闭合面closed boundary / closed surface能量energy集总参数lumped parameter磁通链magnetic flux linkage集总参数电路lumped circuit线性电阻linear resistance集总参数兀件l umped element电阻器/电阻resistor / resistance分布参数distributed parameter电导器/电导conductor / conductance分布参数电路distributed circuit电感器/电感ind

4、uctor / inductance直流direct current(DC)电容器/电容capacitor / capacitance交流alternating current(AC)伏安特性u-characteristic有源器件active elementvolt-ampere characteristic无源器件passive element开路open-circuit无损电路lossless circuit短路short-circuit欧姆定律Ohms LawChapter 2Analysis methods to simple resistor广义欧姆定律 generalized O

5、hms Lawcircuits参考方向reference direction端钮terminal电压极性voltage polarity串联series connection正极positive polarity分压voltage division负极negative polarity并联parallel connection理想独立电压源分流current divisionideal independent voltage source等效电阻equivalent resistance实际电压源physical sourceY-A变换Wye-Delta transformation理想独立电

6、流源入端电阻input resistanceideal independent current source最大功率传输定理理想受控源Maximum power transfer theoremideal dependent / controlled sourceChapter 3Methods of Analysis输出/响应output / response支路电流法method of branch current线性电路linear circuit节点法node analysis代数和algebraic sumnode voltage method替代定理substitution pri

7、nciple回路电流法loop analysis戴维南定理Thevenins Theoremloop current method诺顿定理Nortons Theorem网孔电流法mesh analysis二端网络two-terminal circuitmesh current method开路电压open-circuit voltage节点法Nodal Analysis短路电流short-circuit current回路电流法loop current method特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem网孔电流法mesh current method功率平衡定理 power-balanci

8、ng theorem外网孔outer mesh互易定理reciprocal theorem自导纳self-admittance对偶原理principle of duality互导纳mutual-admittance对偶元件dual element矩阵matrix对偶图dual graph行row对偶电路dual circuit列column至土七上参考节点reference nodeChapter 5Nonlinear Circuit平面电路planar circuit非线性电路nonlinear circuit方程equation非线性元件nonlinear element消去法elimin

9、ation technique压控电阻voltage-controlled resistor克莱姆法则Cramers rule流控电阻current-controlled resistor代入法substitution method工作点operating point运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)静态电阻static resistance同向输入端noninverting input动态电阻dynamic resistance反向输入端inverting input小信号分析small-signal analysis输出端output小信号模型small-

10、signal model等效电路模型 equivalent circuit model分段线性化法 piece-wise linear mthod开环放大倍数 open-loop gain数值解法numerical analysis闭环放大倍数 closed-loop gain入端电阻input resistanceChapter 6First-order Circuit输出电阻output resistance动态电路dynamic circuit线性工作区linear region一阶电路first-order circuit正向饱和区positive saturation一阶微分方程 f

11、irst-order differential equation反向饱和区negative saturation过渡过程transient process/ transient同向放大器noninverting amplifier线性时不变电路 linear time-invariable circuit反向放大器inverting amplifier单位阶跃函数 unit step function加法器summing amplifier / summer单位脉冲函数unit pulse function积分器integrator单位冲激函数unit impulse function微分器d

12、ifferentiator单位斜坡函数unit ramp function自激振荡self-excited oscillation起始条件initial condition起始值initial valueChapter 4Circuit Theorems换路定则switch law叠加原理superposition principle零输入响应zero-input response齐性原理homogeneity property零状态响应zero-state response输入/激励input / excitation稳态响应steady-state response暂态响应transien

13、t response复数complex时间常数time constant衰减attenuation指数函数exponential function阶跃响应step responseChapter 8Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis冲激响应impulse response复数complex自由响应natural response幅值amplitude / magnitude自由分量natural component相位phase强迫响应forced response相位差phase difference强制分量forced component角频率angular

14、frequency全响应complete response周期period稳态值final value频率cyclic frequency卷积积分convolution integration正弦sinusoidal时域延迟time delay余弦cosine换路switching初相角initial phase angle跳变现象jump phenomenon瞬时值instantaneous value脉冲持续时间pulse duration最大值maximum脉冲重复周期 repeating period of pulse有效值effective valueroot-mean-square

15、 valueChapter 7Second-order Circuitu领先i (pu leads i by p二阶电路second-order circuitu落后i pu lags i by p齐次微分方程同相in phasehomogeneous differential equation反相opposite in phase常系数微分方程实部real partconstant coefficients equation虚部imaginary part特征方程characteristic equation直角坐标形式 rectangular form特征根characteristic r

16、oot极坐标形式polar form特征值eigenvalue指数形式exponential form特征向量eigenvector相量phasor特解particular solution参考相量reference phasor通解general solution旋转相量rotating phasor自然频率natural frequency电压三角形voltage triangle衰减系数damping factor瞬时功率instantaneous power谐振角频率resonant frequency / undamped平均功率average powernatural freque

17、ncy阻抗impedance谐振频率resonant frequency阻抗角impedance angle过阻尼情况overdamped case阻抗三角形impedance triangle欠阻尼情况underdamped case导纳admittance临界情况critically damped case电抗reactance固有频率natural frequency电纳susceptance固有振荡角频率 damping frequency/damped感性inductivenatural frequency感抗inductive reactance衰减振荡damped oscilla

18、tion感纳inductive suspectance无损lossless容性capacitive正弦响应sinusoidal response容抗capacitive reactance波形waveform容纳capacitive suspectance实数real正弦稳态响应 sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain瞬时概率 instantaneous power 视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三角形power triangl

19、e复共轭complex conjugate有功分量active component有功功率active power无功分量reactive component无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power 阻抗匹配 impedance matching 共轭匹配 conjugate matchingChapter 9Magnetically Coupled Circuits 耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-induc

20、tance磁通magnetic flux互感电压 mutual / induced voltage 线圈coil铁心线圈 coil with iron core 匝数turn耦合系数 coupling coefficient 变压器 transformer 空心变压器 air-core transformer 原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings弓 |入阻抗 reflected impendence 理想变压器 ideal transformer 全耦合 unity coupling coefficient 全耦合变压器

21、unity-coupled transformer 变比turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合变压器auto-transformer 多绕组变压器 multiple-winding transformer 激磁电感magnetizing inductance右螺旋定则right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity 漏感leakage inductanceChapter 10Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel

22、 resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11Frequency Response 复频率complex frequency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数loga

23、rithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth无源滤波器passive filter 有源滤波器active filter 低通滤波器low-pass filter 高通滤波器high-pass filter 带通滤波器 band-pass filter 带阻滤波器 band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12Three-phase Circuits 对称三相电源 balanced three-phase sources 三相电源 thre

24、e-phase sources 对称三相电路 symmetrical three-phase circuit 中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制 three-phase four-wire system 相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 13Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitati

25、onChapter 15端口Two-port Networks port信号signal二端口网络two-port network周期函数periodic function四端网络four-terminal network / quadripole周期性非正弦激励Z参数impedance parametersnonsinusoidal periodic excitationY参数admittance parameters三角形式的付里叶级数H参数Hybrid parameterstrigonometric Fourier seriesT参数Transmission parameters指数形式

26、的付里叶级数短路导纳short admittanceexponential Fourier series开路阻抗open impedance付里叶系数Fourier coefficient策动点driving point基波fundamental harmonic（二端口）级联cascade connection基波频率fundamental frequency传播常数transmission constant谐波harmonic wave衰减系数attenuation constant高次谐波higher harmonic相位系数phase constant频谱frequency spect

27、rum回转器gyrator谱线spectrum line复合二端口composite two-port线状频谱line spectrum奇次oddChapter 16Basis of Network Graph Theory奇次谐波odd harmonic图graph偶次even拓扑图topological graph偶次谐波even harmonic子图subgraph奇对称odd symmetry连通图connected graph偶对称even symmetry有向图oriented graph半波对称half-wave symmetry树tree帕斯瓦尔定理 Parsevals the

28、orem树支tree branch连支linkChapter 14Fourier Transformation and割集cut setLaplace Transformation降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix付里叶变换Fourier transformation增广矩阵augmented matrix拉普拉斯变换 Laplace transformation秩rank原函数original function基本回路矩阵象函数transform functionfundamental loop matrix积分变换integral transformation基本

29、割集矩阵频域frequency domainfundamental cut set matrix幅度谱amplitude spectrum单位阵unit matrix相位谱phase spectrum转置阵transposed matrix矩形脉冲rectangular pulse正定矩阵positive definite matrix线性性质linearity非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix时域微分time differentiation逆矩阵inverse matrix时域积分time integration方阵square matrix时域平移time shift零矩阵ze

30、ro matrix频域平移frequency shift行列式determinant拉普拉斯反变换 inverse Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairsChapter 17 State Variables ApproachAppendixMagnetic Circuit状态变量state variable磁路magnetic circuit状态方程state equation铁磁物质ferromagnetic substance输出方程output equation磁导率magnetic permeability状态空间state space磁感应强度magnetic induction列向量column vector磁通magnetic flux特