音乐治疗本土方案系列：中医学对世界音乐治疗多元化发展的历史价值

1、中医学对世界音乐治疗多元化发展的历史价值刘小天Historical Value of Chinese Medicine to Diverse Development of Music Therapy in the WorldBy Liu Xiaotian关键词：民族音乐 和声 多元化 八纲辨证 文化认同 醒脾解忧 调式 抑郁症Key word: Chinese national music, Harmony, Diversity, Categorical identification in terms of Eight Classes, Culture recognition, Spleen-

2、improvement and sorrow-relief, tune and Depression 摘要：中国医学与中国传统音乐一样，同属中国文化的结晶。中国医学已有两千年的音乐治疗案例和理论，根据自然界五行与人体五脏的对应关系，创建了针对音乐五音的治疗理论，如果世界用上帝给予的七个音符造福于西方患者，那么，我们应该珍重和开掘黄帝给予的五个调式，以便融入先进的西方音乐治疗理论，解构国内现有的照搬程序，切实促动音乐治疗在中国、在东方的多元化发展进程。Abstract: Chinese medicine, the same as Chinese traditional music, belong

3、s to the elite of Chinese culture. The music therapy case and theory in Chinese medicine have 2600-year history. In accordance with the corresponding relationship between the five-substance (gold, wood, water, fire and earth) and viscera (spleen, lung, heart, liver and kidney), the therapy theory ai

4、med at musical five-tone (Do, Re, Mi, Sol and La) was created. If seven notes granted by the God are favored for the western patients, we Chinese should cherish and explore the five-tone granted by Huang Di to introject into the advanced therapy theory of western music, replace the domestic existing

5、 copying method and thoroughly motivate the diverse development progress of music therapy in China and oriental countries. 已经初具科学体系化的音乐治疗源于西方，近百年来，这一疗法已广泛应用于世界各国的教育学科建设和临床应用，形成了比较成熟的研究和治疗流派。我国学界给予关注与引进已经20余年，但真正中西方音乐治疗的比较和融合，是张鸿懿教授1995年应邀赴美国讲学，为中国与西方音乐治疗的多元化拓展架设起第一座桥梁，也为中国音乐治疗的开掘与发展奠定了一个高起点。尤其张鸿懿教授1

6、995年由美国返回后，随即在中央音乐学院创办了中美音乐治疗进习班，引起了国内各相关学科与实体的广泛关注，从而开创了中国音乐治疗与世界并轨的多元化发展道路的起点。The music therapy initially with scientific systemization originated from western country, and it has been used widely in construction of education and clinical application in countries of the world for hundreds of years

7、, forming the comparably matured study and therapy school. In China, the music therapy has been paid attention to and introduced in academia for more than 20 years. However, the contribution of real comparison and amalgamation of Chinese music and western music is that Professor Zhang Hongyi who was

8、 invited to give lecture in America in 1995, which erected the first bridge for diverse development of Chinese and western music therapy, and laid the firm starting point for exploration and development of Chinese music therapy. Especially when he returned to China in 1995, Professor Zhang Hongyi es

9、tablished the Sino-America Music Therapy Study Class, which drew wide attention in various related disciplines and entities in China, since then, the diverse development of Chinese music therapy was created to connect with the trend of music therapy in the world.西方音乐治疗的理论和方法，确实先进与我国，但是，目前世界心理学已经进入第四

10、代领域，代表着心理治疗领域新进展的艾伦艾维的多元文化咨询与治疗（MCT），已经被大多数中西方国家所认可。The theory and method of western music therapy are more advanced than that of Chinese music indeed. However, the world psychology currently has been in the 4th generation, the multi cultural consultation and therapy(MCT)with representative of Alan

11、Ivy on new progress in psychological therapy field, has been recognized by most of people in China and western countries.重温张鸿懿教授当年就提倡的多元化视角下发展我国音乐治疗模式，我们就更迫切感到，必须重审自己的文化背景与厚重遗产，把中国音乐治疗的科学发展目光，调整到对祖国医学与民族音乐的再发掘视角；必须站在历史高度定位中医和民乐，把对于世界音乐治疗综合实力的考量，对接到东方医学与东方音乐的多元融汇点上。Recalling that developing Chinese m

12、usic therapy mode with diverse view advocated by Professor Zhang Hongyi in the past, we are aware urgently that we mush cherish our own cultural background and abundant heritage, and adjust the scientific development of Chinese music therapy to re-exploration of Chinese medicine and national music;

13、we must focus on Chinese traditional medicine and folk music to develop the diverse combination of Chinese medicine and music based on the comprehensive power of world music therapy. 中西方音乐与中西方文化背景的参照Background References between Chinese & Western Music and Culture中国传统音乐与西方音乐的最大区别，前者是单音的单线型向前延伸，旋律单纯、

14、简洁，意境深邃，追求空灵。西方音乐以其和声构成纵横交叉音乐织体、网状铺叠型的旋律，由一个个乐音组成的和声追求实感。所以，中国传统音乐更多给人心灵撩拨，久久唤起人的陶醉、玩味和熏染，西方音乐大多体现在思想、观念以及对人行为的影响。The biggest difference between Chinese traditional music and western music is that the former is the simplex extension of single tone with character of simplicity, concision, deep concep

15、tion and pursuit of nature. By comparison, the western music, combining the music system and reticular rhythm with the harmony, is pursuit of the real feeling. Therefore, Chinese traditional music can mainly attract the peoples soul and edify the sentiment, and western music can influence the people

16、 with respect to thinking, concept and behavior. 由于几千年历史中排斥男女合唱，中国传统音乐都是单音功能性的，缺乏和声体系的支撑，无法体现对应多层面心理治疗需要的厚实、丰满和立体感，对生命张力的震撼呼应也就很难达到。故中国传统音乐多源自士大夫空灵恬淡或深邃舒情的自我表述，对于人心理模式以及行为的影响相对很小，尤其单音的局限，缺乏针对人类复杂矛盾心理结构的影响力度和强度，比如前一段很多医师以淡定、轻柔的中国民乐治疗抑郁症、失眠症，以柔和、舒缓的民乐去治疗焦虑、恐惧等情绪，往往起到适得其反的疗效。Since the rejection of fema

17、le male chorus for thousands of years in Chinese history, Chinese traditional music is the simple tune function, lacking of the support of harmony system, consequently, it fails to meet with requirements of firmness, abundance and stereoscopic sense in the multi-layer psychological therapy, nor the

18、requirement of response to the vigor of life. Thus, most of Chinese traditional music originated from the scholar-bureaucrats natural and unrestrained feeling or the deep lyric self-expression with little influence on peoples psychological pattern as well as the behavior. Especially the limitation o

19、f simple tone makes it lack of affecting power and strength for peoples complex psychological structure. For instance, most doctors cured the patients with depression and insomnia with placid lento, and gentle Chinese folk music, and cured the stressed and scared emotion with the lento and soft folk

20、 music months ago. As a result, the poor curative effect was obtained. 西方音乐则注重音乐配器的多层次、丰厚感和立体性，专注对人心理影响的力度和强度，“多用主调式的结构，追求旋律进行时的纵横交叉网状铺叠的立体效果；在音色上不追求乐器的独特音色，而重视乐器音色上有较好的渗透力和融和性”。（1）The western music, focusing on the multi-layer, abundant and stereoscopic sense of musical instrument, devotes to the p

21、ower and strength of influence on peoples psychological world, as the description of “ the principal tune is mainly adopted to realize the reticular rhythm and stereoscopic sense, and the sound impressiveness and synaesthesis instead of focusing on the unique timbre of musical instrument.”(1)对此，我尝试开

22、通了了民乐为体，西乐为用的通道。So I try to focus on the folk music with western music as auxiliary support.首先，我根据传统原则，立足民族背景与地域文化背景，尽可能详尽的了解咨询方的家庭背景、社会简历。然后，根据其综合反映出的文化个体差异，聚焦其文化认同感觉的维度，定向加强、加深自己对于相关内容的搜集和学习，努力以多元视角梳理出音乐治疗的多元化选曲方案。Firstly, I try to find out the consultants family background, social experience base

23、d on the traditional principle, the national and regional cultural background. Then, I focus on the dimension of their cultural recognition in accordance with the individual cultural difference reflected comprehensively, and strengthen the search and study of the related content to try to determine

24、the diverse music selection scheme of music therapy with multi-aspect of view. 其次，我针对来访者症状，尽可能使用取材中国传统音乐而改编或创作的交响乐等西乐曲目。比如我常去养老院做义工时，注意到一位患老年抑郁症老人，就主动去陪他聊天，也许年龄悬殊，代沟太宽，谈话常陷于冷场。语言无奈时，音乐会叩开心门。后来，我带了一些陕西民乐改编的CD做背景音乐，果然场面松弛些了。老人竟随着哼起了秦腔Secondly, I use the western music such as symphony adapted or create

25、d by Chinese traditional music on the consultants symptom. For example, when I was a volunteer in the rest home, I chatted actively with an old patient with depression, maybe it was the reason of wide age gap and generation, the talking was not successful. When we were in dilemma of talking, the mus

26、ic worked. Later I used the CD adapted by Shaanxi folk music to realize the perfect effect. Finally he hummed the Qin opera actually. 我首先用纯民乐格式的二胡独奏兰花花，并适度催眠后暗示他回忆，对方闭目沉思，他说听着很美、但让人难受。 I tried to hypnotize properly and suggested him to recall with the Eerhu solo “Lanhuahua” with form of pure folk mu

27、sic, he closed the eyes and pondered for a while, and told me that the beautiful music made him feel sentimental.第二次我用了余隆指挥中国爱乐乐团演奏的管弦乐兰花花，由于该乐曲改编为呈示部、展开部、再现部程序逻辑，使用了西洋管弦乐配器加上少量民族乐器演奏。我看到，当第一乐章柔美的双簧管和热情的大提琴信天游般对话，以亲切的秦地韵味讲述兰花花甜蜜情感，中段以铜管的强暴威严为开场，以弦乐的秦腔般悲恸哭诉象征兰花花的抗争和愤怒，鼓和大锣的哀鸣预示了悲剧的结局，乐曲结尾，定音鼓沉闷地奏出主题的

28、微弱呼唤时老人时而扬起的脸庞上，竟然泪花闪烁。Next, I adopted the orchestral music “Lanhuahua” performed by China Philharmonic Orchestra with chief conductor of Yu Long, and the performance with western orchestral musical instrument and a few national musical instruments since that music is adapted into the display, expan

29、dedness and recurrence parts. In the first movement, the performance played by the mellow oboe and the vivace cello told the sweet feeling of Lanhuahua with kind charm. In the middle movement, the performance started with grave brass, the orchestral music with form of deep Qin opera seemed to reflec

30、t the objection and indignation of Lanhuahua and the ululating of drum and gong predicated the ending of tragedy. At the end of music, the timpani performed the weak indicated theme tonelessly, the old patient listened to the music and cried actually. 下来，我继续使用赵季平先生大漠孤烟直组曲中的第四乐章悼歌。继续支持他对悲哀的痛述反应，鼓励他对细

31、节回忆，当乐章最后的四声管钟响起，他几乎泪雨滂沱。我任由他反复哭泣、重复诉说场景片段。很多新生，是由伤口开始的。I used the forth movement “Mourning Music” in the “Straight Plume of Smoke Group Music” composed by Zhao Jiping, to support the painful response to the sadness continuously and encourage her recollection of the details. When the tubular bell pe

32、rformed at the end of movement, she cried grief-stricken to pour the miserable scene repeatedly with drops of tear. Many new lives begin the wound.类似的治疗，还曾针对一位患闭塞症的老工人，西方音乐很难使他进入角色，我同样采用了根据他故乡闽南民乐改编的交响乐土楼回响和钢琴与萧低吟浅叹的闽乐妆台秋思，那份亲切孤寂中的乐思，曾使我默默介入他尘封的心（上两案例见拙文音乐使老人安享晚年香港商报2008年4月13日）。The similar therapy h

33、as been for an old worker with obliterans, at the beginning, the western music seemed to have the poor effect. I adopted the “Clay Buildings” (“Tu Lou Hui Xiang”), a symphony adapted by Fujian folk music, his local music, and the “Pondering in Cosmetic Mirror” (“Zhuang Tai Qiu Si”), the Fujian folk

34、music performed by piano and flute with grave tune, with which his lonesome heart was opened (above two cases are excerpted in the “Music Creates the Happy Senectitude” published in “Hong Kong Commerce Daily” on Apr. 13, 2008).中华文化与祖国医学对音乐治疗的烛照Influence of China Culture and China Traditional Medicin

35、e to Music Therapy中国音乐五行，对应医学的五行与人体的五脏，更影响人的情致与心态，应该是一个世界性丰富的历史遗产。这些理论精彩的历史记录历历在目。礼记乐记魏文侯篇说：“君子听钟声则思武臣。石声磬，磬以立辨，辨以致死，君子听磬声则思死封疆之臣。丝声哀，哀以立廉，廉以立志，君子听琴瑟之声则思志义之臣。竹声滥，滥以立会，会以聚众，君子听箫管之声则思畜聚之臣。鼓鼙之声欢，欢以立动，动以进众，君子听鼓鼙之声则思将帅之臣。君子之听音，非听其铿锵而已也，彼亦有所合之也。”The five-tone (Do, Re, Mi, Sol and La)of Chinese music, corr

36、esponding to five-substance (gold, wood, water, fire and earth) in nature and the viscera (spleen, lung, heart, liver and kidney) of human body, affects the humans emotion and attitude, which should be a abundant historical heritage in the world. These splendid theories have been recorded in the his

37、tory respectively. It is recorded in “Music” in “Book of Rites” (“Wei Leud Part”) that the emperor would think of his military chancellor when hearing the toll. The clangor Chinese Qing (musical stone) showed the distinctive loyalty which encouraged the warriors to make contribution for the country

38、when he lived bravely even the self-sacrifice. When the emperor listened to the Chinese Qing, he would miss the deceased military chancellor and warriors who had made self-sacrifice for the country in the battlefield. The melancholy music could excite the righteousness which made people with full of

39、 ambition. When the emperor heard the grave music, he would think of his ambitious chancellor and warriors. Various tune performed with the bamboo musical instruments symbolized the aggregation which could unite the mass. The music performed with diverse musical instrument would remind of the empero

40、r the ministers who can unite the mass. The ebullient drum made people excited that could boost the demos forwarding, which made the emperor remind of the ministers who can lead all the demos. The music enjoyed by the emperor was not only the tune, but also his thinking and resonance with the music.

41、 五行与五脏对应的疗效，中国文化与中国医学也有学科间严谨辨证的交叉，虽然很多失传，但仍可依据中医理论推演。宫调式音乐入脾，沈练稳健、厚重绵绵，具备土地特质。商调式音乐人肺，高蹈昂越、铁戈雄健，类似金戈气息。角调式乐曲入肝，春光灿烂，欣欣向荣，充斥着春的讯息， 油然一派秀木新芽景象。徵调式乐曲入心，奔放热情、惬意宣泄，明朗愉悦，火热温度几近撩人。羽调式音乐入肾，阴柔委婉、凄美滋润，潺潺流淌，水的属性皆在曲中。The corresponding curative effect of five-substance (gold, wood, water, fire and earth) in natu

42、re and the viscera (spleen, lung, heart, liver and kidney) of human body has the religious dialectic relation with Chinese culture and medicine, though some of them have been lost, it can be inferred based on the Chinese traditional medicine theory. The music mainly with “Do” cadence is ponderous co

43、ntinuously to be favored for the spleen with character of earth; the music with “Re” cadence is majestic and high-spirited to be good for the lung as if the wielding dagger. The music with “Mi” cadence is vivace and bright to be favored for the liver as if the flourishing spring in which the new and

44、 fresh scenery are reflected. The music with “Sol” cadence is ebullient and cheerful to moisten the heart and the music with “La” is mellow as if the flowing water.对此，我在此次对灾后儿童心理援助的过程中，立足多元化论点，引用类似中医理、法，方药配伍的五音对应学说，在治疗中导入了相应的中改西曲目。效果获得一致认可。Thus, I cited the similar five-tone (Do, Re, Mi, Sol and La)

45、 ) that corresponds to the theory, approach and prescription in Chinese traditional medicine theory, based on the multi-aspect of view during the psychological relief for children suffered in earthquake, and selected the relevant western music adapted by Chinese music, the effect has been appraised.

46、 我认为，针对灾后儿童单纯大量慰问或放松式的心理干预，反而加深儿童残酷记忆与美好场景间的内心矛盾，造成儿童对心灵创伤的防护和锁闭。In my opinion, the simple relief or the opening psychological intervention for children who suffered in the earthquake may increase the contradiction between the cruel memory of inner heart and the sound scene of children to strengthen

47、 the childrens mental blocking protection.但是，大多数儿童都具有与生俱来的“心理韧性”，虽然灾难带来创伤，但只要我们审慎滴依据多元化方案，采用相应的艺术治疗给予心理修复，儿童扫除心理阴影的进度，往往超过成年人。对此，我针对儿童的文化特点，家族背景，个体差异，心理症状的辨证，融合五种中国调式音乐的对应特点与和声的改编优势，借助中西音乐，中西医学各自优势，多元化贯穿了接触期、认同期、感受期、促动期、辅导期。However, most children have the instinctive psychological tenacity. The ment

48、al relief such as the proper art therapy can heal the childrens mental wound quickly though they suffer in the disaster. The progress of elimination of childrens psychological wound exceeds that of the adults. Consequently, in accordance with the cultural character, family background, individual dif

49、ference and psychological symptom of children, I combined the corresponding feature of China cadence music and the adaptation predominance of harmony with the help of Chinese and western music as well as their own advantages to execute the acquaintance, recognition, awareness, motivation and instruc

50、tion stages.比如，给一位失去父亲的女童进入第三心理治疗阶段时，我选用了由宫调式古琴曲目改编的钢琴古琴协奏曲临安遗恨，以及羽调式古曲童谣改编的钢琴古筝曲集小白菜当半催眠状态下乐曲进行中，和声多层次旋律一再展开的张力，烘托出凄风残雨中无家可归的孤苦无援，我给她暗示失去爸爸的孤独和悲切，但绝不提及她失去亲人。紧闭的双眼间，她长长睫毛终于没能留住一颗颗不断溢出的泪珠。木然呆滞多日的小脸松弛了。古琴古筝类羽调式的水性音质，疏脾化郁、滋阴降燥，轻轻的叩开心扉，使紧闭的幼小心灵打开了一条缝.For example, I chose “Eternal Regret in Linan “(Linan

51、 Yi Hen), the concerto performed with piano and ancient lyre adapted by the music with “Do” cadence performed with the ancient lyre, and “Little Cabbage”, a Chinese zither music adapted by ancient “Nursery Rhyme” with “La” cadence when I helped a girl whose father is deceased go into the 3rd psychol

52、ogical therapy stage. During performing the music, the harmony rhythm extended to reflect her homeless, lonely and sorrowful emotion. I hinted the solitude and sadness when she lost her father instead of telling her fact of deceased father. Drops of tear rushed out of the closed eye and the long eye

53、lash and the tightened graved face loosed. With the gentle and mellow music of “La” cadence performed with the ancient lyre, her inner heart was opened and the crack shown in her childish and younger heart. 进入第五阶段，我选用了钢琴组曲和平之月中的春光灿烂，因为选自中国古曲改编的旋律，竭力诠释了从凛冽的冬天醒来，陶然沐浴在璀璨阳光之中的勃勃万物，满是新鲜色彩对心灵萌芽的呼唤。角调式乐曲入肝

54、，调理肝经，通达顺畅，固化了前面对悲哀的认可和接受。她治疗后的状态，正如中国音乐治疗学会会长张鸿懿先生的精确表述：“音乐治疗像一把钥匙，打开了孤独儿童紧闭的心扉。内心世界通过音乐治疗找到了释放、发泄和表达的特定的渠道”。In the 5th stage, I selected the “Sunny Spring” in the piano cento “Ode to the Peace”. With the cantus adapted by Chinese classical music, I tried to show that flourishing and vivid spring i

55、s cultivating the bud of heart after chilly winter. The music with “Mi” cadence that is favored for the liver can opsonize liver meridian to solidify the recognition and acceptance of the previous sorrow. The fettle after therapy for her is as the accurate statement by Mr. Zhang Hongyi, president of

56、 China Academy of Music Therapy, “the music therapy seems to be a key to a childs closed heart. Her or his inner heart can be opened, abreacted and expressed via the music therapy”. 纵观目前音乐治疗多元化发展研究的现状，人不禁深感负荷沉重。因为，当前中医音乐治疗中普遍存在一个误区，认为使用中国民族音乐给予患者愉悦的放松就是治疗，给予患者暂时的宁静就是干预这完全违背了整固、疏泄、认可、辅导、激励的心理学治疗原则。Ta

57、king a wide view of status quo on diverse development of music therapy, we feel the heavy burden. Since there are the mistakes in Chinese traditional medicine music therapy at present, it is believed that the relaxation given to the patients with Chinese national music is the therapy but the tempora

58、ry serenity for the patient is the intervention, which is fully against the principle of psychological therapy characterized by consolidation, expression, recognition, guidance and prompting. 宋代著名文学家欧阳修曾患有严重的抑郁症，遍请名医，医治无效，后来“退而闻居，学琴于孙友道滋，受宫音数引，久而乐之，不知疾之在体矣”（寿亲养老新书置琴）。古人尚能以宫音醒脾而解忧，疏经以养心，遵循音乐的发乎情，源于地，

59、依据个体差异，因人而异的八纲辨证，五调论治，平其心，养其疾。我们就更该致力于发掘这些珍藏在历史天空中的天籁之音，在引用西方音乐模式烛照这些旷古天音的同时，为世界多元化音乐治疗的学科建设添加宝贵的东方元素。Ouyang Xiu, the famouslitterateur in Song dynasty, had severe depression. He saw the famous doctors widely but received poor effect. Then he began the new life style as described in the “Music -Health Preservation for Olds”, “Ouyang Xiu retired to play the musical instrument. With the edification of music, he got better.” We are informed that ancient people can boost the spleen and relieve the sorrow with music of “Do” cadence. Complying with the principle of music, they