B5介词和介词短语课件

1、B 高频考点（高频 / 规律 / 技巧）B5 介词和介词短语 考 纲 解 读考纲要求考生能在真实的语境中恰当地使用介词，并正确判断意义相近的介词和介词短语。 考 情 解 读考点题量分布介词辨析固定搭配2019942009113201964201994201975 趋 势 解 读1考查具体语境下的介词或介词短语辨析 仍是2019年高考介词部分的试题立意。2题目设问角度细微化，题干结构复杂 化，综合趋势明显。易错警示I know nothing about him _he is an advanced engineer.A.apart from Bexcept forCbesides Dexcep

2、t that易误选A、B本题考生很容易误选A或B。apart from和except for都可表示“除之外”，但它们是介词短语，后面不能接句子，而此处空格后面是一个句子，因此A和B不对。C项besides表示“除之外(还)”，这与题意不符。except that的意思与B项相同，但其后接从句，因此，选D。Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are _everyones enjoyment.A.in BAt Cfor Dto易误选D不能准确地判断此处所填词与哪个词构成搭配，此处所填介词应该与空后的名词enjoyme

3、nt构成搭配，表示目的，意为“为了”。选C。考点精析 基 础 盘 点1表时间、空间的介词用法；2介词与动词、名词的常见搭配。 热 门 考 点1方位介词；2时间介词；3工具、手段、方式介词；4表示原因的介词短语；5against, for, at, in, beyond, across, of, over, off等常见介词活用；6besides, except in, except for, but, but，for等常见易混介词；7常见介词搭配。 关 注 节 点(2019全国卷)100 is the temperature _which water will boil.Afor Bat Co

4、n Dof答案Bat表示在一个点上，此处结合定语从句考查介词。热点51The sunlight came in _(穿过)the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.The bicycle is _(不能)repair.He hit his head _(对着)the wall and hurt himself.用介词in, to填空Japan is/lies _the east of China.Beijing lies _the north of China.完成句子用介词between, among填空The town lies _

5、the mountains.Switzerland lies _France, Germany, Austria and Italy.用介词from, out of填空The young student is _Tibet.When we were listening to the news, a man rushed _the room.用介词in，on填空There is a map of the world _the wall.Birds are singing _the tree.答案throughbeyondagainsttoinamong betweenfromout ofonin

6、Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _you and me.Awith Baround Camong Dbetween答案Dbetween意为“位于之间，处在之间，介于间”，根据所提供的情景you and me，可判断出是在两者之间，所以要用between。with意为“和一起”；around意为“在的周围”；among意为“在(多数)之中，在中间”。.单项填空(上海卷)Its a top secret.Abetween Bthrough Cacross Dbeyond答案Bthrough意为“穿过”，through着重从物体中间穿过。根据所提供的情景“The

7、re were a lot of people standing at the door”可判断出小女孩要从人群中穿过。between意为“之间”，表示两者之间；across意为“穿过”，指在空间上从一端到来一端；beyond意为“在远处，超过”。(全国卷)There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _Aoff Bout Cbehind Dover答案Cbehind意为“在之后”；leave

8、behind意为“留下”。I cant wait to leave this place behind.表示恨不得马上离开这个地方。leave off意为“戒除，停止”；leave out意为“忘记，忽视”；leave over意为“使延期，把留待后用”。(江苏卷)Are you going to have a holiday this year?方位介词1at, in, on 三个词均可和表示地点的词连用，表示“在处。”at用于指较小的地方，如在门牌号码前；in用于指较大的地方；on一般指与面或线接触的地方。 Well meet each other at the park.我们将在公园见面

9、。2in, on, to在方位名词前的区别 三个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内；to表示在某范围之外；on表示“毗邻”、“接壤”。 Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.(在某范围之内)二词均表示“在中间”或“在之间”。among指在三者或三者以上之间，而between表示在二者之间。有时between之后也可能出现三个或三个以上的宾语，但这时所强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。此外，当句中出现divide，share之类的词时，如果后面跟着几个单数名词，则用between；如果后面是复数名词，用among和bet

10、ween都可以。表示国家等之间的位置关系，用between。This secret is only between you and me.这个秘密只限于你我知道。3among, between二词均表示来源或出处。from平面概念，意为“从离开”；out of立体概念，侧重于从里向外，意为“从里出来”。The train from London arrives here at nine oclock.从伦敦开来的列车9点到这里。4from, out of二词均可表示“在上”，描写两个物体的接触情况。on侧重于表面接触，而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达常用in或on。若打击某人的脸、

11、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时，用in。而打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时，用on。表示植物本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等“在树上”，用on the tree，但表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”，用in the tree，意指被枝叶遮掩其中。The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him.老师轻轻拍着那名男孩子的头安慰他。5in, on(2019山东卷)Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy _the past couple of weeks.Abeyond Bwi

12、th Camong Dover答案Dover段时间“在期间”。热点52说明：当时间名词前有this, that, last, next, some, every等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。二者均表示在某一段时间后，但该时段的起点不同。in加段时间表示以此时此刻为起点的将来一个时段之后，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用。My father will be back from abroad in three days.三天后，我的父亲就会从国外回来。I cannot see you now; come back in half an hour.我现在不能见你，半小时后回来。2after, in说明：(

13、1)in the past意为“在过去”，与过去时态的谓语动词连用。(2)in the past/last时段意为“在过去的中/内”，表示从现在算起过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时态连用。for后跟时间段from表示时间起点，from.on；from.to/till可表示一段时间since表示时间起点，但暗含终点在现在或过去，有始有终可表示一段时间，可作介词、副词、连词3for, from, since(2019北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _color.Aby Bfor

14、 Cwith Din答案Din color“用彩色”。热点53.句型转换(每空一词)He went to Beijing by car. He went to Beijing _ _ _I prefer to travel by ship. I prefer to travel _ _用by, over, in, on填空This form is to be filled _ink.This toy is not machinemade. It is made _hand.In the morning I usually listen to the news _the radio. 答案in

15、this/a carby water/seainbyover/on(2019北京西城期末)How can I reserve the tickets?_phone.AOn BWith CBy DIn答案Cby phone“用电话的方式”，固定用法。故选C。.单项填空 工具、手段、方式介词三个词都表示旅行的方式。(1)不涉及交通工具的名词而用相应的抽象名词时用by，名词前不带冠词。如：by sea, by water, by land, by air等。(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词须用单数，其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by

16、ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。1by, in, on(3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如：travel to New York in this plane, leave on an early train, go to school on my bike等。说明：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如：on foot, on horseback/on a horse, on the camel。三个词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。(1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名

17、词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。(2)by, in, on, over, through等多用于无形的工具或方式、手段之前。如：by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。说明：使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示，如：in English/Japanese; in blue ink表达“用方法/方式”时，所用介词分别为：in this/that/the same wayby means ofby this/that meanswith this/that method2with, by, in(浙

18、江卷)The openair celebration has been put off _the bad weather.Ain case of Bin spite ofCinstead of Dbecause of答案D根据句意，天气不好导致露天庆祝会延期。热点54.单项填空(2019山东烟台调研)She was told to wear flat shoes _her back problem. Aon account of Bregardless of Cin terms of Din case of 答案A句意：因为她背部有问题，她被告知应穿 平底鞋。on account of表示原因

19、，根据句意选A。(2019河北质检)An average of RMB 77，000 is spent on each wedding, excluding the cost of the wedding ring and honeymoon, _the China Wedding Industry Development Report. Adue to Bbecause of Cin spite of Daccording to 答案Daccording to意为“根据，按照”。根据句意选D。.用because of, due to, thanks to填空I came back late

20、_the rain.His absence is _the heavy rain.The company has had a successful year, _the manager.答案because ofdue tothanks to 表示原因的介词短语because of, as a result of，owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to等表示原因1以上常见表示原因的介词短语多可以相互替换，类似 的还有by reason of; on the ground of; in view of等。2considering/given.考虑到，鉴

21、于，也可表示原因 Considering/Given his health，wed better have him stay at home.(2019北京卷)Do you think this shirt is too tight _the shoulders?Aat Bon Cto Dacross答案D考查介词。句意为：你觉得这件衬衣的肩部是不是太紧了？across此时表示从一边到另一边。热点55 The kite looks prettier against the blue sky. 在蓝天映衬下，那只风筝更漂亮了。2across从一平面上“横穿”，或在对面 I cant get my

22、 idea across to him.我无法与他沟通。3at：在一点/小地方对做出反应 At my request, he came to help me. 应我的请求，他跑来帮助我。4after：在后(时间、地点)追求/寻 与长得像 The boy looks after his father. 这小孩长得像他的父亲。5beyond超出某范围(具体、抽象) The road extends beyond. 公路消失在远处。6behind在后(地点、具体、抽象) Theres something behind his words. 他话里有话。He longs for a watch.他想要

23、一块手表。You can find much honesty in Tom.你会发现汤姆很诚实。8in在里(时间、地点、具体或抽象)远离海岸处有一个小岛。动作状态延续Rain still on, we had to stay there.雨还下个不停，我们只好留在那里。Lets discuss the matter over the meal.咱们吃饭期间讨论此事。Her love saw me through the hard time.她的爱使我度过那个艰苦的时代。11on：在之上(具体、抽象)12over：在正上方，跨越经过一段时间、距离翻滚13through：从(内部)穿过经过一段时间

24、或距离经 历/穿过(困难等)(2019福建卷)Nothing is so easy as _parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.Aof Bto Cby Dfor答案Dfor sb对来说。热点56.用for或of填空It is very considerate _you to remind me.It is necessary _the students to know some learning methods.It is possible _him to come here soon.用介词on或in填

25、空The patients life is _danger.The guard is _watch now.The house is _fire.用except, except for, besides填空I know nothing about the young lady _that she is from Beijing.I dont mind picking up your things from the store. _，the walk does me good.The car is nice _the color.We all went to the park _Tom. Tom

26、 was ill in hospital.答案offorforinononexceptBesidesexcept forexcept.单项填空(广东卷)I feel that one of my main duties _a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. Afor Bby Cas Dwith 答案Cas后接名词的意思是“作为”。表示“我认为作 为老师的主要责任之一是帮助学生成为更好的学习者”。(北京卷)_two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard

27、 this weekend. AWith BBesides CAs for DBecause of 答案Awith表示原因或理由，意思是“因为，由于”。 表示“由于对两次考试担心，这个周末我不得不真地努力工 作”。on用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中。如：on business在出差；on a visit在访问；on strike在罢工；on sale在出售；on show在展览；on watch在站岗/放哨；on fire着火了；on vacation/holiday在度假。in多用于表示静态状况，如安全、危险、健康、情绪好/不好等。如：in trouble陷入困境；i

28、n danger处于危险中；in order有序，有条理；in surprise惊讶地；in silence沉默地；in high/low spirits情绪高涨/低落。1on与in表示处于某种状态2besides, except, but, other than, except for的区别3except和but/other than都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形，可以互换；但except后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时，but/other than不可替换except。 He has always been in high spirits except recently. 除近来外

29、，他总是精神饱满。(副词) The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏季外，这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语) He has always been busy except when it is Sunday. 除星期日外，他总是很忙。(when从句)4but, except后都可接that从句作宾语；but, except可以互换。 I asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week. 我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。5以上比较了excep

30、t, besides, but作介词时的区别，另外，besides还可用作副词，意为“in addition; also; moreover; furthermore(而且，还有)”。 I dont want to go; besides, I am too tired. 我不想去，再说，我也太累了。(2019江苏卷)Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, just _to avoid the racing car.Ain time Bin case Cin need Din vain答案Ain time to do来得及做某事。热点57(1)at: at d

31、awn在黎明；at daybreak拂晓；at sunrise日出时；at sunset/sundown日落时；at noon在中午；at dusk在黄昏；at night在夜晚；at home在家；at table在用餐；at school在上学；at college在上大学；at risk有危险，冒险；at last最后；at rest静止不动1at, in的有关表达(2)in：in addition to除了之外(还有)；in celebration of为庆祝；in case of假设，万一；in search of寻求；试图发现；in place of代替；in need of需要；in charge of对负责；主管；in the charge of由负责(表被动意义)；in spite of尽管；即使；虽然；不管；in time of在时刻；in a state of处于状况中；in course of在进行中；in the course of在期间；in favour of赞同；有利于；in hon