利用Nginx替代apache实现高性能的Web环境

1、利用Nginx替彳apache实现高性能的Web环境利用Nginx替彳apache实现高性能的Web环境Nginx介绍：Nginx发音为enginex,是由俄罗斯人IgorSysoev建立的项目，基于BSD许可。据说他当初是F5的成员之一，英文主页：。俄罗斯的一些大网站已经使用它超过两年多了，一直表现不凡，相信想了解nginx的朋友都读过阿叶大哥的利用nginx实现负载均衡的文章相关链接见（六）。测试环境：红动中国（redocn）提供运营服务器环境.关于红动服务环境：红动中国在早期利用apache环境，再加上一些优化的工作，一直是相对很稳定，但是最近由于网站发展，访问量越来越大，在线人数一多经

2、常出现，负载过高，性能急剧下降，经过双木站长的同意，考虑是否能利用nginx来代替apache,经过长时间的观察目前nginx工作很稳定，系统也不会再说现高负载的状况，占用内存也很低，访问速率从用户体验来看明显有提升.关于红动中国：红动中国（redocn）论坛经过近1年的快速发展，目前日均页面访问量超过100万，位居全球设计论坛（中文）第1位，是国内最具影响力的设计论坛之一。目前论坛拥有近20万会员，包括众多设计界领军人物在内的行业中坚力量、相关艺术院校师生以及部分设计爱好者等。迁移目标：实现网站论坛静态化，防盗链，下载并发数和速率限制，实现原站apache所具有的所有功能，将原apache环

3、境下的站点全部迁移到Nginx一.PHP（Fastcgi）编译安装rootattphp-5.2.4#catin.sh./configure-prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi-enable-fastcgi-enable-discard-path-enable-force-cgi-redirectjwith-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc-enable-zend-multibytewith-mysql=/usr/local/mysqlwith-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2with-gd=/usr/l

4、ocal/gd2mith-jpeg-dirmith-png-dirmith-bz2with-freetype-dirmith-iconv-dirmith-zlib-dirmith-openssH/usr/local/opensslwith-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt-enable-sysvsem-enable-inline-optimization-enable-soap-enable-gd-native-ttA-enable-ftp-enable-mbstringenable-exif-disable-debug-disable-ipv6makemakeinsta

5、llcpphp.ini-dist/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini复制代码注:关于如何安装gd库，mysql的编译安装，本文将不介绍，本文重点在于介绍nginx的安装与配置，如想了解其它相关的问题可以到LinuxPk去找相关的贴子( HYPERLINK )二.Nginx编译安装1.创建nginx运行用户和虚拟主机目录groupaddwww-g48useradd-u48-gwwwwwwmkdir-p/data/www/wwwrootchown-Rwww:www/data/www/wwwroot复制代码2.安装lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi，用来启动php

6、-cgi先编译安装lighttpd产生spawn-fcgi二进制文件.cd/usr/local/src/lighttpd-1.4.18 HYPERLINK / /cpsrc/spawn-fcgi/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/复制代码启动php-cgi进程，监听的8085端口，进程数为250（如果服务器内存小于可以只开启25个进程），用户为www：/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi-a-p8085-C250-uwww-f/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi3.nginx的安装与配置安装Nginx所需的pcre库： HY

7、PERLINK /exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gz /exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gztarzxvfpcre-7.2.tar.gzcdpcre-7.2/./configuremake&makeinstallcd./ HYPERLINK http:/sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz http:/sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gztarzxvfnginx-0.5.32.tar.gzcdnginx-0.5.32./configureuser=www-group=www-prefix=/usr

8、/local/nginx/with-http_stub_status_moduleth-openssl=/usr/local/opensslmake&makeinstall复制代码此模块非核心模块，需要在编译的时候手动添加编译参数-with-http_stub_status_moduleI，：fIlli配置nginx三.Nginx主配置文件及PHP支持.1.nginx.conf主配置文件的配置#cd/usr/local/nginx/conf/#cpnginx.confnginx.conf.cao#cat/dev/nullnginx.conf3GB ，wi#vinginx.conf/主配置文件u

9、serwwwwww;worker_processes10;#error_loglogs/error.log;#error_loglogs/error.lognotice;#error_loglogs/error.loginfo;pid/var/run/nginx.pid;#Specifiesthevalueformaximumfiledescriptorsthatcanbeopenedbythisprocess.worker_rlimit_nofile51200;eventsuseepoll;#maxclient=worker_processes*worker_connections/cpu_

10、numberworker_connections51200;httpincludeconf/mime.types;default_typeapplication/octet-stream;log_formatmain$remote_add-r$remote_user$time_local$request$status$body_bytes_sent$http_referer$http_user_agent$http_x_forwarded_for;#access_log/data/www/logs/access.logmain;#sendfileon;tcp_nopushon;tcp_node

11、layoff;keepalive_timeout60;client_header_timeout3m;client_body_timeout3m;send_timeout3m;connection_pool_size256;client_header_buffer_size1k;large_client_header_buffers42k;request_pool_size4k;output_buffers432k;postpone_output1460;client_max_body_size10m;client_body_buffer_size256k;client_body_temp_p

12、ath/dev/shm/client_body_temp;proxy_temp_path/usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;fastcgi_temp_path/usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;#gzipgzipon;gzip_http_version1.0;gzip_comp_level2;gzip_proxiedany;gzip_typestext/plaintext/htmltext/cssapplication/x-javascripttext/xmlapplication/xmlapplication/xmlrsstext/javascri

13、pt;gzip_min_length1100;gzip_buffers48k;#Thefollowingincludesarespecifiedforvirtualhosts/以下是加载虚拟主机配置.# HYPERLINK includeconf/vhosts/www_redocn_com.conf;#includeconf/vhosts/bbs_redocn_com.conf;#includeconf/vhosts/blog_redocn_com.conf;#includeconf/vhosts/down_redocn_com.conf;复制代码2.配置支持Fastcgi模式的PHProot

14、redocnconf#catenable_php5.conffastcgi_pass:8085;fastcgi_indexindex.php;fastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWAREnginx;#newacupload#fastcgi_pass_request_bodyoff;#client_body_in_file_onlyclean;#fastcgi_paramREQUEST_BODY_FILE$request_body_file;#fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING$query_s

15、tring;fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD$request_method;fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE$content_type;fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH$content_length;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI$request_uri;fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_UR

16、I$document_uri;fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT$document_root;fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL$server_protocol;fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR$remote_addr;fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT$remote_port;fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR$server_addr;fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT$server_port;fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME$server_name;#PHPonly,requi

17、redifPHPwasbuiltwith-enable-force-cgi-redirectfastcgi_paramREDIRECT_STATUS200;复制代码四，多虚拟主机应用配置案例.#mkdir/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/建立虚拟主机配置存放目录1./首站配置rootredocnvhosts#viwww_redocn_com.confserverlisten80;server_;indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/data/www/wwwroot;error_page404 HYPERLINK ;rewriteA

18、/bbs/(.*) HYPERLINK / /$1;location.*.php?$includeconf/enable_php5.conf;复制代码注:关于rewite需求,红动中国希望当用户访问 HYPERLINK /bbs /bbs的时候自动转至 HYPERLINK 在原apache中利用redirect实现Redirect/bbs HYPERLINK 本文中在nginx下利用rewrite实现:rewriteA/bbs/(.*) HYPERLINK / /$1;2.rootredocnvhostsvibbs_redocn_com.confserverlisten80;server_;i

19、ndexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/home/www/htdocs/bbs;access_log/var/log/nginx/access_.logcombined;location/#bbsrewriterewriteA/archiver/(fid|tid)-w-.html)$/archiver/index.php?$1last;rewriteA/forum-(0-9)-(0-9).html$/forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2last;rewriteA/thread-(0-9)-(0-9)-(0-9).html$/view

20、thread.php?tid=$1&extra=page=$3&page=$2last;rewriteA/space-(username|uid)-(.).html$/space.php?$1=$2last;rewriteA/tag-(.).html$/tag.php?name=$1last;break;#errorerror_page404/index.php;#redirectservererrorpagestothestaticpage/50 x.htmlerror_page500502503504/50 x.html;location=/50 x.htmlroothtml;#Preve

21、ntinghotlinkingofimagesandotherfiletypeslocation*A.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip)$valid_referersnoneblockedserver_names*.*.*.*.*.*.*.cn*.;if($invalid_referer)rewrite/ HYPERLINK /images/redocn.gif /images/redocn.gif;#return403;#supportphplocation.*.php?$includeconf/enable_php5.conf;复制代码注:红动中国采用高性能的Dis

22、cuz!论坛，原apache的rewrite规则几乎不要做什么修改即可全部移植到nginx下.静态化配置见面上面的:#bbsrewrite部分.一般论坛都希望实现防盗链功能，在apache很轻松实现？在nginx下是否容易实现呢？答案是肯定的.#Preventinghotlinkingofimagesandotherfiletypesvalid_referersnoneblockedserver_names*.你允许连接的网址if($invalid_referer)rewrite/ HYPERLINK /images/redocn.gif /images/redocn.gif;/让另II人盗链

23、时显示你指定的图片.#return403;复制代码3.rootredocnvhosts#viblog_redocn_com.confserverlisten80;server_;indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/data/www/wwwroot/blog;error_page404 HYPERLINK ;#supsiterewriterewriteA(0-9)/spacelist(.*)$index.php?$1/action_spacelist$2;rewriteA(0-9)/viewspace_(.)$index.php?$1/action_vi

24、ewspace_itemid_$2;rewriteA(0-9)/viewbbs_(.)$index.php?$1/action_viewbbs_tid_$2;rewriteA(0-9)/(.*)$index.php?$1/$2;rewriteA(0-9)$index.php?$1;rewriteAaction_(.)$index.php?action_$1;rewriteAcategory_(.)$index.php?action_category_catid_$1;rewriteAitemlist_(.)$index.php?action_itemlist_catid_$1;rewriteA

25、viewnews_(.)$index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$1;rewriteAviewthread_(.)$index.php?action_viewthread_tid_$1;rewriteAindex(.a-zA-Z0-9*)$index.php;rewriteAhtml/(0-9)/viewnews_itemid_(0-9).html$index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$2;rewriteA/(0-9)/spacelist(.)$/index.php?uid/$1/action/spacelist/type$2;rewr

26、iteA/(0-9)/viewspace(.)$/index.php?uid/$1/action/viewspace/itemid$2;rewriteA/(0-9)/viewbbs(.)$/index.php?uid/$1/action/viewbbs/tid$2;rewriteA/(0-9)/(.*)$/index.php?uid/$1/$2;rewriteA/(0-9)$/index.php?uid/$1;rewriteA/action(.)$/index.php?action$1;rewriteA/category(.)$/index.php?action/category/catid$

27、1;rewriteA/viewnews(.)$/index.php?action/viewnews/itemid$1;rewriteA/viewthread(.)$/index.php?action/viewthread/tid$1;rewriteA/mygroup(.)$/index.php?action/mygroup/gid$1;location.*.php?$includeconf/enable_php5.conf;复制代码注:blog采用功能强大的Supesite作为Blog站点:/1.Blog如何在Nginx里实现静态化，具体设置见，上面的#supesiterewrite.root

28、redocnvhosts#vidown_redocn_com.conflimit_zoneone$binary_remote_addr10m;serverlisten80;server_;indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/data/www/wwwroot/down;error_page404/index.php;#redirectservererrorpagestothestaticpage/50 x.htmlerror_page500502503504/50 x.html;location=/50 x.htmlroothtml;#Zonelimitlocation/limit_connone1;limit_rate20k;#servestaticfileslocationA/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|stat