新概念二7-9课知识点整理(2)

1、Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚学必记单词detective n.侦探习airport n.机场目expect v.期待，等待标valuable adj.贵重的全parcel n.包裹解diamond n.钻石steal v.偷main adj.主要的airfield n.飞机起落的场地guard n.警戒，守卫precious adj.珍贵的stone n.后于sand n.沙子常考短语be tooto太曲/、能 detective story 侦探小说 at the airport 在机场 on the airfield在停机坪上 I think so.我认为是这样。I exp

2、ect so我指望如此口语 expect sb. to do sth.期彳人做 KWwait for sth./sb.动作上的等待 keep guard警戒 - stand guardto their surprise使他们吃惊的是be full of 充满=be filled with经典句型I.They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.Thieves would try to steal the diamonds.Two men took the parcel off the plane and

3、carried it into the Customs House.To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!重点语法过去进行时过去进行时的构成：be的过去式+现在分词过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去 进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况，一般过去时则表 示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词 when, while , as, justas等引导。when, while当时候（强调动作同时发生）while+从句，动词正是延续性动词when+延续性动词/瞬间动词whil

4、e能用 when代替,但是 when却不 足能用while代替。while通常只引导持续时1可较长的动作，并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时，而 when和as 一 般不这么用。John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.when也可以引导比较短暂的动作，while和as则，般不行。We were having supper when the lights went out.过去进行时往往与

5、表示一段时间的状语连用，如all morning, all night, all day, all evening, the wholeweek等，表小这段时间一直在干什么。What were you doing all evening? I couldn find you anywhere.过去动作同时发生的时态 过去两个动作同时发生，习惯个用一般过去时，另 一个用过去进行时；动作长用过去进行时，动作短用一般过去时；分工的情况，动作的开始时间和结 束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时；I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.When

6、my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV. 两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束,先发生的动 作未结束，另一个动作发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时.When I was opening the door, the telephone ran加开门When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door 电话先响 瞬间动词（如：arrive）没有进行时态，所以两个动作同 时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬间动词使用过去时态.When he arrived, I

7、was having dinner.I am arriving进行时态表示将要教材全解1、The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. 飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整 一上午。all 一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如： all day, all night, all week, all winter, all year等。但不说all hour。whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如 a whole day/year, two whole weeks。all mor

8、ning=all the morningThe plane was late 飞机晚（点）了The bus was late./The train was late.detectives没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探，强调侦探这种 人，笼统概念，可不加some, the2、They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重 包裹。expect v.期待，等待vt.& vi.预计，预料Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher e

9、xpected.正如他老师所预料的那样，吉姆数学考试没及格。vt.等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）They are expecting guests tonight.今晚有人要去他们那里作 客。expect所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作 出相应反应的意思，而wait for主要接续等待”这个动作本身。expect sth.I expect a letter from Jimmy.expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事I expect you to write back.I expect my mother to come back.wait for sth./sb

10、.动作上的等待I wait for my mother.vt.认为，猜想（一般用于口语）I expect so./I think so.我希望如止匕口 语I expect you ve heard the neWS你已经听到这个消息了a valuable parcel of diamondsvaluable adj.贵重的 & precious adj.珍贵的value n.&v.价值；valuable adj.有价值的sth.is valuable/sth. is preciousprecious adj.珍贵的（带有一定的感情色彩）precious photo 珍贵的照片拓展：-less表

11、否定；priceless adj.没有价格的，无价的valueless adj.没有价值,不足道的worthless adj.无价值的3、A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. 数小时前，有人向 警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。a few hours earlier几个小时以前=a few hours before/a few hours agowould +do过去将来时，间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来steal （stole, stolen

12、） v.偷 & rob sb.抢（某人）vt.&vi.偷盗，行窃英语中饰”用steal和rob来表达，宾语是物，用steal；宾 语是人，用rob;跟地点相连，也用robsteal sth.偷（某物）My wallet was stolen.John never steals.约翰从不偷东西。拓展：rob sb.抢（某人）I was robbed.rob the bankvt.巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手He has stolen away Mary s hear赢得玛丽的芳心。vi.偷偷地行动，悄悄靠近He stole into the room.他悄悄地进了房间4、When the plane

13、 arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内， 另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。代词others常常和some连用，表小 宥些（人），也有些（人）”或有的，其余的”onethe other 一个另一个someothers 一些另一些Some students are very hard-working, others are not.others=other铭 词复数5、Two men

14、 took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.两个人把包裹拿不飞机，进了海关。take sth. off =take sth. away from and carried it intocarried# 着彳艮重Customs House 海关6、While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. 当两个侦探把住门口时，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。表面上是分工，两个动作同时发生，不是同时开始同时

15、结 束，延续时间不一致,长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时.When someone knocked at the door, I was having dinner.keep guard 守卫They kept a close guard over the thieves.at the door在门边（固定搭配）two others=two other detectives7、To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!to ones surprise,让某人惊讶的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的

16、 全是石头和沙子。To my surprise, the teacher was late.To one sl+4人情绪的名词to ones joyTo my joy, my mother came here yesterday.to ones excitementTo our excitement, our team wins.be full of装满My bag was full of books.The cup is full of water.最好的和最坏的Lesson 8 The best and the worst学 习 目 标 全 解必记单词competition n.比赛，竞赛

17、 neat adj.整齐的，整洁的 path n.小路，小径 wooden adj. 木头的 pool n. 水池常考短语keepneat 保持整洁every time每次work hard努力工作grow flowers种花make a path修路a wooden bridge 一座木桥enter for报名参加(各种竞赛，考试等活动)win a prize 赢得奖励经典句型Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.Bill Frith s garden is larger than Joe s.Bill works har

18、der than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joerdens igamore interesting.Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town.重点语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.比较级、最高级的构成一般情况下，比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est eg. small fsmaller fsmallestort fshorter

19、 shortest (2)在重读闭音节(即：用+元音+中，先双写末尾的辅首子母，比较级加-er,最局级加-esteg. big fbigger fbiggesotfhotter fhottest(3)以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后力口 -r,最高级在原级后加-steg. large flarger TargeSte fnicer fnicest(4)以辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-esteg. easy feasier feasihstavyfheavier fheaviest(5)多数多音节词，比较级在前面加 more,最高级在前面加 most

20、eg. beautifulfmore beautifulfmost beautifuldifferentfmore differentfmost different(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必 须熟记eg. good fbetter fbebadfworsefworse old feldereldestmany/muchi-morefmostarthestlittle fless fleast f further/fartherf furthest/f.形容词、副词比较级的用法表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有：(1)A+be+形容词比较级+than+B意思是A比

21、B更eg. This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。become+W容词比较级+and+形容词比较级 意思是变得 越来越，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。eg. It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。(3)在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的 形容词要用比较级形式。eg. Who is taller, Tim or Tom?谁更高，Tim还是Tom?.形容词、副词的最高级的用法形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上 人或事物的比较，表示

22、 最”的意思。句子中有表示范 围的词或短语。如： of the three, in our class, amon舒等。 eg. He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。She is the prettiest one of the six girls.六个女孩中，她最漂凫。LiuXiang is the best hurdler in our country.刘翔是我国最好的跨栏选手。不定代词both&all 的用法(1)both意为例者都”，指两个人或物，句中谓语动词用复 数，常和and连接。eg. Both she and I are stud

23、ents.她和我都是学生。Both plans are good.这两个计划都不错。(2)all指三者或者三者以上都eg. All of us should go there.我们所有人都应该去那里。They all agree to stay here.他们都同意待在这儿。each&every 的用法(1)each表示 每一个”之意，用来指两个或两个以上的人或 事物，强调个体。可作名词或形容词，在句中充当主语， 定语，宾语等。直接作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。eg. There are trees on each side of the road.这条街的一边都有树。Each of us

24、 wears a yellow T-shirt.我们每个人都穿着一件黄色T恤。(2)every表小 张-个 之思，指二个或三个以上的人或事， 强调整体，在句中只能作定语，修饰名词时谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。eg. Every student passed the exam.每个学生都通过了这次考试。Each &Every共同特点：二者都只能修饰单数可数名词， 句中谓语动词要用单数。3. either&neither 的用法(1)either指两个人或物中的任何一个，表示肯定含义。eg. There are many trees on either side of the street.这条

25、街每边都有树。Either you or I am going to America next week.下周要么你去美国，要么我去。(2)neither指两个人或物中一个也不，表示否定含义。eg. Neither of the books is good.这两本书中没一本是好的。Neither he nor I am student.他不是学生，我也不是。Either&Neither共同特点：都可作主语，宾语，定语，作 主语时，谓语动词用单数。、教材全解1. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year

26、, but Joe wins evetiyne. 几乎每个 人都参加每年举办的 最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。nearly&almost adv.nearly和almost意义相似，表示 几乎、差不多”、差点 儿”的意思。在肯定句中可以相互替换，与否定词连用时通 常用 almostoeg. I have nearly/almost forgotten his name.我几乎记不起来他的名字了。He nearly/ almost fell into the river.他差点儿掉进河里。Almost no one believed her.几乎没有人相信她。enter&enter for

27、v.enter+地点：进入，走进eg. You always knock on the door before you enter.你总是会在进入之前敲门。A stranger entered the building ten minutes ago.一个陌生人十分钟前进入了大楼。enter for sth:报名经加（活动，比赛），强调报名eg. Mary entered for the test.玛丽报名参加考试。She entered for the mathematics competition.她报名参加数学竞赛拓展：join / join in参加（加入）attend出席，参加（主动

28、去）take part in 真正的经加，力口入petev.辨析：competition, contest, match, race, game（1）competition比赛，克争（正式）eg. chess competition 类比赛commercial competition 冏业兑争(2)contest比赛(赛场上的较量)eg. beauty contest 选美folk song contest 民歌比赛baby contest宝宝大赛(3)match比赛(球英)eg. tennis match 网球赛 football match 足球比赛(4)race比赛(速度)eg. hor

29、se race赛马 Marathon race 马拉松赛跑car race 赛车(5)game比赛(广义上)，游戏eg. the Olympic Games奥林匹克运动会computer games电月而游戏win v. (won, won)(1)vi.赢eg. I win. / I lose.(输了)vt.恻彳寸win+sth (后面往往th奖口口，不目匕接对手)eg. I have won a book.我赢得了一本书。I win the race/game 我赢 了 比赛。win a prize IM 了 奖 win a prize for 因为， 叩获奖eg. My brother w

30、on a pair of shoes for this race.我弟弟参加赛跑，得到了一双鞋作为奖励。拓展：beat sb或defeat sb:赢了某人、打败某人eg. They were defeated in the basketball match.他们在篮球比赛中输了。I defeat you.我打败了你。Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe s garden is more interestingK 比乔 更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔乔的花园更富 有情趣。grow

31、 v.vt.种植，扩大eg. grow plants / rice种植植物/种植水稻vi. 生长，发展，渐渐变得eg. Babies grow fast.孩得快。grow up长大He has grown up.他已经长大了。The village is growing into a town.这个乡村止在发展成一个城镇。vt.&vi.（使）留长，蓄长grow a beard 留胡子辨析： plant&growplant种植（强调种的动作）grow种植，生长（强调种植以后的栽培、生长、管理过程）He has made neat paths and has built a wooden brid

32、ge over a pool.他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上 架了一座小木桥。neat adj.（1） neat adj.整齐的，整洁的，井井有条eg. Keep your desk neat.保持桌间整洁。（2） clean adj./v.干净的 /打扫tidy adj.整洁的，整齐的二neatv.使整洁，整理tidy uptidy up the room 整理房间pathn.（1）（行人走出来的）小径，窄路We followed the path around the office building.我们沿着办公大楼周围的小路走。通道,通路；轨道the path of the e

33、arth地球的轨道（3）（文明、思想、行动等的）方向；前进的路线a path to success走向成功之路wooden adj.eg. She has a piece of wooden furniture.她有一件木制的家具。woodn.木材，木头,树林（可数名词）e.g. There are many kinds of woods on the hills.在山上有许多种木材。拓展：wood （木头）+ en （形容词后缀）fwooden木制的：wooden desk 木桌；wooden window 木窗wool （羊毛）+ （l） en （形容词后缀）fwoolen/ woolen

34、 羊毛的：woolen sweater 羊毛衫； woolen suit羊毛西服gold （黄金）+en （形容词后缀）一 golden（金黄色的； 宝贵的）：golden voice 金嗓子；golden hours幸福的时刻make&build v.make&build在文中是同义词，修建，建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为 做、作出、制 造”等eg. Have you made the skirt by yourself?这条裙子是不是你自己做的build主要限于建筑业，指 建造，建设，盖房子，修筑 （桥梁）等”eg. They have made/built a road

35、along the river.他们沿着河岸修了一条路。over prep.（在上方）横跨，越过eg. He jumped over the fence.他跨过栅栏。eg. The bird flew over the field.小鸟飞过田地。Lesson 9 A Cold Welcome 冷遇学必记单词welcome n.v 欢迎习crowd n.人群目gather v 聚集标hand n.(表或机器的)指针全shout v.喊叫解refuse v.拒绝laugh v.笑常考短语a cold welcome 冷遇Town Hall巾政厅a large crowd ofin twenty m

36、inutes 花m0 分钟之后at that moment 在那时经典句型It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time.重点语法1.引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till与until(1)用in的时间短语：表示某一段时间表示f中的某段时

37、间：在早上/下午/晚上 in the morning/afternoon/evening表示月份、年份 in march在3月in September在 9 月in 1984 在 1984 年表小季下：in (the) spring在春天in+段时间”：1)在某段时间之内，这时它可以与现在时、过去时或将来 时连用，一般与完成某个动作有关：我总是在10分钟之内吃完早饭。I always eat/have my breakfast in ten minutes.我在两小时之内做完了考题。I finished the examination in two hours.2) 时间之后，与将来时连用:母

38、亲 10 天后回来。Mother will be back in ten days.(2)用on的时间短语：具体到某一天表示星期： on Monday; on Friday在星期一早上 on Monday morning/evening表示日期： on June 1ston 23rd March/ on March 23rd表示星期十日期:on Monday, June 1st表示具体时间:on that dayon that evening我哥哥的生日是8月12日。My brother isbday is on August 12th.(3)用at的时间短语：具体到某一时间点表示确切的时间：

39、at 10 o clock at 5 o clock表示用餐时间：at lunch/dinner timeat teatime表示其他时刻:at noon/night/midnightat this timeduring后必须跟一个名词，指某个时间段中发生了什么 事情。那年夏天很热。It was very hot during the summer.在这半小时内他打了四次电话。He has phoned four times during the last half hour.我是在这一周的某天遇见他的。I met him sometime during the week.整个冬季一直没下雪。

40、During the whole winter it never snowed.(5) fromtill 指一段明确的时间：旅游季节从6月一直到10月。The tourist season runs from June till October.(6)当所用动词只表示一个短暂的动作(如finish, leave)时， 则只能在否定句中用till/until我要到星期一才离开。I won t leave till/until Monday.2.否定句的两种形式：not any与no对于一般疑问句， 可以有两种否定的回答：你有时间吗 Have you got any time?no time.我没

41、有时间。I haven t got any time. / I ve g 否定词 no 比 not any 的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是 相同的。 no可构成复合词 nobody, none, nothing, nowhere; any 可构成三合词 anybody, anything禾口 anywhere:你见至U谁了 吗 Have you seen anyone?我谁也没见至4。 I ve seen no one/nobody.I haven t seen anyone/anybody. 你今天干了什么吗 Have you done anything today? 我今天什么也没干。I

42、 ve doneothing.I haven t done anything. 在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词(包括never, hardly)我买/、到鸡蛋。I can t get any eggs. / I can get no eggs.而除黑人央语外一般不说：I can get no eggs.教材全解A cold welcome. 冷遇拓展：welcomen.欢迎，接待 greeting, receptiona cold welcome 冷遇a warm welcome 热烈的欢迎v.欢迎，迎接The children flew to welcome their mother.孩子

43、们飞奔着迎接他们的妈妈。welcome to+地点welcome to Chinawelcome backwelcome to do sthadj.受欢迎的welcome news受欢迎的消息You are welcome不客气。It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. 那世一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。拓展：crowdn.人群in the crowd在人群中I saw him in the crowd.我在人群中看到了

44、他。a crowd of people没有次序的人群a group of people有次序的人群v.拥挤，挤满Many people crowded into the bus.艮多人挤进公共汽车里。gather v.聚集vt.使集拢，集合，召集A crowd soon gathere仆群人立亥U聚集了 起来。vt收集，采集，收（庄稼等）The children are in the field gathering flowers.孩子们在地里 米花。It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.收集所有 这些书花了我一辈子的时间。v.获知，推测with herI gathered from her remarks that she wasn t satisfied job.我从她的评论得知，她对工作并不满意。It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. 再过 20 分钟，大钟将敲响12下。strikestrike -struck -struckv.打，击She struck the man in the face4打了那个男人的脸。v.敲，弹（钟，乐器等）strike the clock （人）敲钟Str