直击高考高考英语语法重难点系列专题10名词性从句考点

1、（直击高考）2013高考英语 语法重难点系列专题10名词性从句考点在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses ）,引导名词性从句的词叫连词。名词性从句又分别称为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句：是在复合句中充当主语的从句，常放在谓语动词之前或者用形式主语it代替，将其本身放在句尾。例如：1. That he came here just now has been proved.他刚才来的这里得到了证实。解析： That he came here just now在谓语 has been proved的前面， 所以是主语从句。2. It s true tha

2、t we are going next week .我们下星期走是真的。解析：真正的主语是 that we are going next week ,前面的it是形式主语。宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词） 和介词之后。例如：1. We all know what he is .我们都知道他是干什么的。解析：what he is 作及物动词know的宾语从句。2. His worry is about whether he can succeed .他的担忧是关于他是否能成功。解析：whether he can succeed 作介词 about的宾语从句

3、。表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是：主语+ 联系动词+表语从句例如：1. His question is where he can buy a house .他的问题是他能在哪里买房子。解析：where he can buy a house 是联系动词is后面的表语从句。2. This is why we can t get their support .这就是我们得不到他们支持的原因。解析:why we can t get their support是联系动词is后面的表语从句。同位语从句：是用以说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰的词语通常可以划等号。例

4、如： We heard the news that our team had won .我听说了我们球队获胜的消息。解析hat our team had ivon是修饰的名词“2工写的内容，消息就是 “我们球队获胜”,“我们球队获胜也就是我们听说的消息”的内容.如果 用句子 we heard the new5 （我们听说了那个消息）是完整句，如果说 琳电heard that our team had won （我们听说我们球队获胜了）也是完整句.名词性从句的T语序：名词性从句一律甲厂3淄序时态二主要是在宾语从句中（在后UJi专门要讲）连词:名词性从句必须要由连词来引导名词性从句的难点;连词为了

5、思维的连贯性，此专题我们不以从句的分类来讲，而以连词的分类讲。引导名词性从句的连词主要有以下几类：.具有词汇意义的连词（what, how, who, when, where, why,whose, which ）.没有词汇意义的that （that在句中没有如何意义，只起连词的作用）f/whether（是否）.具有双重身份的 what.疑问词 + ever （whatever、whoever whomever however whenever wherever、whichever ）一、具有词汇意义的连词I know when he was born.我知道他什么时候出生的。Where he

6、 lives is known to us all.他住在哪里我们大家都清楚。My question is how you came to school. 我的问题是你 怎样来的学校。He told us why she was late. 他告诉我们她为什么迟到。Please let me know what you are . 让我们知道你是干什么的。Which team will win isn t clear. 哪只队将要赢还不清楚。从上面的例句我们可以看出上述引导名词性从句的连词都具有词汇意义。二、that的用法know that your name is Tom. （宾语从句）我知

7、道你名字叫汤姆。.The news that they won the match excited us very much.（同位语从句）他们获得了比赛胜利的消息使我们都非常兴奋。. That he often helps my sister makes me happy.(主语从句)他经常帮我妹妹使得我开心。.My demand is that you (should ) try to study hard.(表语从句)我的要求是你们尽力努力学习。从上述四个句子我们可以看出that在句中不具有任何词汇意义，也不充当任何成分。一)that引导主语从句常用it作形式主语的情况：L It ?t

8、tfaat 从句out mH ether vou can go.我们正在八足你是都出解析：介词后面只能用vi hMhe】一9. Tell me si hether to go.告诉我是否去.解析：动词不定式前面百辨f hethej103Ve are discussing，： 小丁。口 can go.我正在讨论你垦否会去.H AVe 口 针 L .：， whether vou can go.我们将次定你是否能去.；解析工动词dkcu写decide等后面的宾语从句只能用whedigr引导412J want co know if vou dont like hi】，我想知道你是否不喜欢他。解析.宾语

9、从句是否定句时只能用if .又充当一个四、what：在从句中具有双重身份。即：既引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中 成分。LWhac we can* -terns better than what we have.我们不翻M到面好像比我们拥有的要好些.了工、.gt既引导主语从句，在主语人斗.口get的宾语.Lalieve what vou said vesterdap. 我相信你昨天说的。解析工what既引导宾语从句，在从句巾又作空汨的宾语.This is what I want to tell vou.这就是我要告诉你的。解析：飞：导表语从句，在从句巾又作切中工-言&She is * . J：:

10、U with b har vou have done, 拗苛你己投做的满意.F iJr： what既引导介词with的宾语从口，又在从句中作do的宾语。讣 hat should be done has been done.该做的已缉攵了偏析：*hat既引导主语从句J在从句巾又作主语。My parents have brought me up and made me si liat I ait】.我父母把我培养成我现在的样子。解析：这里的 what相当于the person who/thatAfter what seemed five years , he came . f After five

11、 years , he came. 似乎过了五年之后，他来了。解析：这里的 what相当于the time thatFinally he went to what is called America.f Finally he went to America.最后他去了叫美国的地方。解析：这里的 what相当于the place thatI live in what people call Wuhan . f I live in Wuhan.我住在人们称作武汉的地方。解析：这里的 what相当于the place thatA modern city has been set up in what

12、 was a wasteland 10 years ago.一座现代化的城市已在10年前还是一片荒地的地方建起来了。解析：这里 what相当于the place thatI would like to play what is called rock music.我想演奏所谓的摇滚音乐。解析：这里 what=the thing that-ever.五，疑问词-ever（无论）：这类词既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导状语从句，在引导 状语从句时可以换成 no matter +疑问词，而在引导名词性从句时只能用疑问词.1 will believe whatever vou sav.(引导宾语从句)

13、TOC o 1-5 h z 我相信你说的任何话.,2Whatever you say (No matter what vou 5ay), I will believe it.(弓|导状语从句)不管你说什么，我都相信.二.Whoever goes there is the 筝ame. (引导主语从句) 无论谁去上-样的. Whoevei g - here (Nd matter who goes there)*he S3】电(引导状语从句)无论造点情况是一样的.-_. You can take whichever you want to,(弓 I导宾语从句) 你可以享走你想享的随便哪T。.Whic

14、hever you take CXo matter which you take). I will agree. (引导状语从句) 无论你拿哪T,我都同意.难点：whoever/whomeverwhoever/whomever 在句中才目当于 anyone who/anyone that , Wh whomever只作宾语。 ou can give the book *r rver is in the classroom.你可以才巴这本书少在教室的任何人0 (whoever=aivorr ；. mar)解析.，小一.上后面的句子中作主语,所以黛.：；wh口的针而不能用 whomeverYou

15、can give the book to whoever whomever you want to help.你可以把这本书给到你想帮得任何人心(whoever whomever=anyone who that)解析: F hoew Mioniew在后面的句子中作help的宾语口I am xviDing to workp ii ：, r hoever is good.我愿意和人好的由行人一起工作.(ivlioever=anyon 1 that)解析：vK 一在后面的句子中作主语，所匚二能铝whoever而不能用whomeverI am willing to work with whoever

16、whomever you are interested in.我愿意和你感兴趣的任何人一起工作*(W hoer n homevei-a ny o newho that)解析: whoever whomever 在后面的句子中介词由的作宾语。however1)不管怎样 However =No matter how you come to school, you must arrive on time.不管怎样来上学，你都必须准时。2)形容词或者副词要紧跟在后面However hard English is , I want to study it well.= No matter how har

17、d Englishis,不管英语多难，我都想学好。However busy he is ,he will come to see me.=No matter how busy he is, 不管他多忙，他都要来看我。However carefully he writes, he always makes some minor mistakes.=No matter how carefully he writes, 不管他写得多认真，他总是犯一些小错误。注意下面这类完成句子题： (不管发生什么事),I will go. (what )答案：No matter what解析：在做这道题时，许多学生

18、的答案可能会是Whatever.在这里是引导的状语从句,但 由于是要求用括号内的单词完成句子，所以答案就只能是No matter what( 不管你什么时候方便),please come to my home .(when)答案： No matter when it is convenient to you。解析：在这里就不能是Whenever it is convenient,理由是括号里给的是 when。六、由what和hotv引导的感叹句式的名词性从句1 remember what a fint voice she had.我记得他曾有多好的盖讯hI u as astonishef1 :

19、1三4 out how fast she could run.我惊奇地华盛瑶抛得有多快叫ODo* . t know wliar a selfish girl she is?难道，大知道她是个多自私的女孩吗？I was told that clever a student he is.有人告诉我他是T多聪明的学生“We all know what an important part cellphones are plaving in our daih- Life. 我们都知道手机在我们的日常生活中起着多重羲的作用啊.七，表语从句的补充：.This is where he lives.这就是我住的

20、地方。. That s where I first met her.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。. That s how he studies his lessons.他就是这样学习功课的。. That s why he didn t come.这就是他没有来的原因。.This is why he ran so quickly .这就是他跑得这样快的原因。.That was when I was fifteen .这是我15岁的时侯发生的事。根据上面的例句大家注意到了where, how, when, why在引导表语从句时的中文意思。where的意思是的地方”、 why的意思是原因、how的

21、意思是这样、 when的意思是“的时候”,否则他们的词汇意义就会有变。在这种情况下其句子的主语都是“ this ”或者“that.My problem is how he can arrive so early. 我的问题是他 怎样能那样早到。.His doubt is when they will finish the project.他的疑问是他们什么时候将完成那项工程。.What I want to know is why you always sleep in class. 我想知道的是你为什么上课总睡觉。.His question is where he must go.他的问题是他

22、必须去哪里。请大家注意下面句子不同的结构：.Tlie reason whv he didnt go is that he was UL 他为什么没有去的原因是砥了 -解析：why he didnt go是定语从句，修饰the reason, k是联系动二L that he was ill是表语队句“. That he didiif . i亏 because he was ill.他这有去是因为池病了 *,解析，Ihe didnt go是主语从句，is是联系淳同，because he was ill是表语从句。.He didn t so because be ivas ill. 他没有去由为他病

23、了。解析；Hedichi t go是主语从句，beunu牌hdasill是原因状诘从句八、同位语从句在句中作同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句.它用以进一步说明与它同位的名词所表示的具体内容。常可带同位语从句的名词有advice,belief,doubt,dream,hope,idea,message,news,order,possibility , promise, problem, question, suggestion, thought, truth, view,wish,word 等 1.The news that they have won the match is true.他们获得

24、比赛胜利的消息是真的。解析：that they have won the match 是前面 news 的内容。You are sure to live your dream that you can find a good job . 你肯定能实现你找到好工作的梦想。解析：梦想的内容就是找到好工作。Do you remember your promise that you will buy me a computer ? 你记得你要给我买台电脑的诺言吗？ 解析：给我买电脑就是诺言的内容。Word came that he would give us a talk . 有消息说他将给我们做演讲

25、。解析：that he would give us a talk就是前面 word 的内容。注意：在某些名词(如： demand,advice,suggestion,idea,decision,wish,order等)后面的同位语从句谓语动词要用(should ) +动词原形的虚拟语气。1.I like youridea that we (should) do some readingevery day.我喜欢你的我们每天读书的想法。.The suggestion that they （should）go next week is reasonable. 他们下个星期走的建议合乎情理。. Yo

26、u must obey the order that you （should） drill on time.你们必须听从你们准时操练的命令。九、同位语从句、定语从句的区别.同位语从句进一步说明前面名词的具体内容；定语从句则对其先行词起修饰，限制的作用。.引导同位语从句的连词没有任何词汇意义，也不在从句中担任成分，但不能省略，而引导定语从句的关系词则代表先行词的词义，在从句中必须担任成分，作宾语时常可省略.试比较：l）Mike told rue his idea tin: e（ should ） ask the teacher for advir （同位语从句）迈克告诉我我方向名师征求意见的想法

27、.解析，后和打旬子是前面名词“想法”加J的中二工2）The idea . h=t） vou told me just now is ven good （定语从句） TOC o 1-5 h z 你刚才告诉我由想法很好.解析：dimt是d的宾语.所以是定语从句.一The information Ithr） I mention just now is the latest. （定i吾从句）我刚才提到的情报是最西的。解析hat是meE匕?宾语。、4）The inform- a fire happened there is just a jc （同位语从句）那里发小I少天的消息是个感，解析 a fire

28、 happened （here 是 inf or ma no ti 尸7 内容已5）1 have no idea where we should have the match .（同位语从句）我不知道我们该在哪里匕矮 .解析:where we should have the match 是 idea 的内容。 Bb.M，.，二一 二1! Lit（定沿从句）在暖和又常下雨的地方竹子长得很好。解析：where在后面的句子中作状语。十、与名词性从句有关的常用句型There is no doubt that 毫无疑问（同位语从句）There is no doubt that we can succee

29、d only by hard work.毫无疑问只有通过努力我们才能成功。It is no wonder that 难怪（主语从句）It is no wonder that you both often play together.难怪你们两个常在一起玩。There is no possibility tha t不可能（同位语从句）There is no possibility that it will snow tomorrow.it will snow tomorrow?明天不可能下雪。Is there any possibility that明天有可能下雪吗？There is no de

30、ny that 不可否认（同位语从句）There is no deny that China is developing very quickly.不可否认的是中国正在迅猛发展。There is no den - he fact that.-的事实是不可否二3 （同位语从句）There is ih w the fact that China is developi+ m qukkh 中国正在出猛发展的事实是不可否的.，、There is a good chance that 有可能（同位语从句）There k a good chance that the Third M orld VS ar

31、will break out. 有可能爆爰第三次世界大城.Despite In spite of the that.,.虽然、尽管（同位语从句）Despite In spire of r that he 靠心 busv .he came to h % h 虽然他忙，他近后来帮了我们，8Word l 有消息说（同位语从句）Word ijie that maiiv measures had been taken protect the environ men t .有消息晚已经采取了许多措施来保护环境.9Jt 5 53id considered reported anuounced that.,.

32、据说认为报道宣布（主语从句）Its said considered reported announced that there would be violent stormsoon.据说/认为/报道/宣布不久将有狂风暴雨。It s universally acknowledged that 是大家公认的（主语从句）It s universally acknowledged that America is a superpower.美国是一个超级大国是大家公认的。What they have in common （with）is that（与.）共同之处是（主语从句）What they have

33、 in common is that they are all fat.他们的共同之处是他们都胖。What they have in common with me is that we are all fat.他们和我的共同之处是我们都胖。It turned out that 结果是（主语从句）It turned out that all of them succeeded.结果是他们都成功了。How does/ did it come about that ？ 是怎么回事（主语从句）How does it come about that you are so sleepy every day

34、 ?你每天昏昏欲睡是怎么回事？. It happened that 碰巧（主语从句）It happened that the Taikonaut Wang Yaping was my neighbour.碰巧宇航员王亚平是我的邻居。It occurred to me that 我突然想到.（主语从句）It flashed upon me that It struck/hit me that It crowded in on me that.It crowded into my mind that.It occurred to me that I still had many words to

35、remember.我突然想到我还有许多单词要记。What struck me most is.给我印象最深的是 What impressed me most is.What struck/impressed me most is the way he solved the problem.给我印象最深的是他解决那个问题的方法。17Jj weU-known krior to all that.（主语从句）What is vell-kr 1 .aowii to all is that. （主语从句）As is well-k i： known to all.（定语从句）介V;Its b ： i-kj

36、iown known to all that knovledge 3 u.ver.Wliar is ivell-known known to all is that knowledge is power.As is eLl-known known to all .knowkdse H power.众所周知知识就是力量：IS. Ifs hoped that.希望（主语从句）It-s hop电d that “ be admitted into a good univerr希望我铲:立一所好大学。191t j difference to me没二三家影响区别（主语从句）It . A es no di

37、fference to me whether he ca:; nake iionev.他是否能赚钱对解说没有关系.20. It follows that是必然的（主语从句）It foUoivs that people tend to look down upon the poor.人们倾向于瞧不起穷人是必然的*高考模拟题再现：（2012 高考湖北卷 80） Things aren t always（appear）. 事情往往不是他们看上去的那样。答案： what they appear （to be）解析：这里的 what既引导表语从句又在从句中作主语。（2012 高考福建卷） Wepromi

38、se attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever答案：C解蚱 promise动词后面跟宾语（从句），后面的句子有谓语attend,所以就差主 语，填进去 的词既要引导句又要作一个成分，就只有C和D 了.但由于是 在后面的句中作主语，所以只能选 C 了，wioe er-anyone wb - 一 ；七 “我们承诺 给来参加晚畲的和影星拍照合影的机会”，考的安厂.句中的连词.（2012 宫二再高卷）Evenone in the v

39、illage is vf i 工 idly. Ir doesnt marrer you h:，井 lix ed （here for a short or Long time.A, why B. how C. whether D. Avhn答案: C应析！.村子里的每个人都友好，你住在那里的时间是起还是长没有关系2句 首的在是形g主语，后面是一个主手从句，所以要选连词.根据句意要选（2012高考新？I卷） made a proinise to myself _? Lar : my first year inhigh 牌ho, -ra be differentA. vvhertir B. v hat C that D. iiciv答案 C亮云我时自己许苒 今年也是我上中学的第一年将不同（于往年）2后面 的句子是前面诺言的内容，所以选连词dm引导同位语从句,50012高考江西卷） It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys id the