2017年考研英语考级真题与翻译

1、大学英语2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2

2、to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined t

3、he effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hug

4、ging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen,

5、 a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attach

6、ment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1A BesidesB UnlikeC ThroughoutD

7、 Despite2A equalB restrictedC connectedD inferior3A viewB hostC lessonD choice4A avoidB forgetC recallD keep5A collectingB affectingC guidingD involving6A onB inC atD of7A devotedB attractedC lostD exposed8A alongB acrossC downD out9A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated10A servedB restoredC explai

8、nedD required11A ThusB StillC RatherD Even12A defeatsB symptomsC errorsD tests13A highlightedB increasedC controlledD minimized14A presentedB equippedC associatedD compared15A assessB generateC moderateD record16A in the name ofB in the form ofC in the face ofD in the way of17A attributeB commitC tr

9、ansferD return18A unlessB becauseC thoughD until19A remainsB emergesC vanishesD decreases20A experiencesB combinesC justifiesDinfluences拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过400名健康成年人进行了研究。他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持

10、”和“受到别人拥抱”这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒，研究人员推算出，这种对健康的有益影响，大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、愈发增加的感冒的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。”一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生素，其通常被称为“结合激素”，因为它能促进依附关系，包括母亲与新生婴儿之间的依附关系。催生素

11、主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放进血液里。但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hoursthis is how far in

12、advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which t

13、errorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, n

14、ot to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in ai

15、rline travel due to the improving economy and and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not antic

16、ipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, thou

17、gh the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to

18、use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risks, saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to

19、 process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cann

20、ot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to_. A stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwideB highlight the necess

21、ity of upgrading major US airportsC explain Americans tolerance of current security checksD emphasis the importance of privacy protection22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry-on bagsB The declining efficiency of the TSAC An increase in th

22、e number of travelersD Frequent unexpected secret checks23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to_.A fasterB quieterC widerD cheaper24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_.A A dramatic reduction of its scaleB Its wrongly-directed implementationC The governments reluctan

23、ce to back itD An unreasonable price for enrollment25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck-a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck LanesText 1 全文翻译以前是2小时，现在是3小时这就是航空当局建议旅客提前到达机场赶国内航班的时间，至少美国一些大的机场是这么建议

24、的，因为安检队伍正变得越来越长。美国人现在愿意忍受费时的安检程序，以换取更高的安全性。被恐怖分子袭击而坠入地中海的埃及航空804号航班给了大家为什么这么做的一个悲剧提醒。但是对飞机乘客要求太多或者在安全保障方面的成效不足反过来又会降低公众对这一程序的支持。其就会演变成：浪费的时间耽误了美国的经济和私人生活，也会使乘客感到愤怒。去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，管理局的便衣调查员在尝试偷运武器的时候（无论真假），屡次通过了安检。随后，机场加强了安检措施，同时经济复苏和低油价也导致了国际航班的增加，这些因素就导致包括芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场在内的主要机场的安检队伍变长。目前，安检措施是否变

25、得更加有效尚不得而知，但安检队伍确实变长了。导致这一问题的部分原因是政府没有预料到乘飞机出行的乘客数量会猛增，所以美国运输安全管理局现在正紧锣密鼓地在各机场增加新的安检人员。另一个原因是，机场只有这么多空间，能容下的安检队伍有限。还有一个因素可能是，越来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随身行李以避免行李安检费用，尽管航空公司对此强烈反对。美国运输安全管理局可以采取的一个不需要改造机场或仓促招聘人员的措施，那就是鼓励更多的乘客参加预检项目。预检对游客和美国运输安全管理局而言是双赢的选择。通过背景检查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。这能使美国运输安全管理局能重点检查具有高风险的乘客，从而节省了其他人的时间

26、。美国运输安全管理局计划将2500万乘客纳入预检项目。然而，这一计划还未达到预期目标，其中的一个主要原因就是定价太高。乘客必须每五年支付85美元进行背景审核。从一开始这一价格就是预检项目的重大缺陷。接下来的改革也许会把价格调整到合理的水平。但是国会应该通过资助预检项目或以别的方式来降低成本的方式直接参与到价格调整中去。在大部分的游客得忍受不必要排队的痛苦之时，美国运输安全管理局不能继续将资源投入到未充分使用的预检通道中去了。要想让预检项目真的开始起作用，那还需要很长的时间。Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen L

27、iliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolut

28、ionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean

29、, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect

30、for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize

31、 the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosi

32、ty to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to ans

33、wer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site w

34、as chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone c

35、annot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_.A its conservative view on the historical role of astronomyB the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian societyC the regrettable decline of astronomy

36、 in ancient timesD her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_.A its geographical featuresB its protective surroundingsC its religious implicationsD its existing infrastructure28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some loca

37、ls partly because_.A it may risk ruining their intellectual lifeB it reminds them of a humiliating historyC their culture will lose a chance of revivalD they fear losing control of Mauna Kea29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy _.A is fulfilling the dreams of anci

38、ent HawaiiansB helps spread Hawaiian culture across the worldC may uncover the origin of Hawaiian cultureD will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_.A severe criticismB passive acceptanceC slight hesitancyD full approvalTe

39、xt 2 全文翻译“古时候的夏威夷人是天文学家，”夏威夷最后一任执政君主利留卡拉尼女王在1897年写道。观星宿者过去是夏威夷社会中最受尊敬的人物。悲哀的是，现在的夏威夷不再如此。一座有望改变人类宇宙观的巨大天文台“30米望远镜”的修建计划引发了激烈的抗议。抗议的焦点是30米望远镜在冒纳凯阿火山计划的选址，该休眠火山被一些夏威夷人供奉为阳光，其将夏威夷岛屿连接至天堂。但冒纳凯阿火山也是一些世界上功能最强大的望远镜的所在地。处于大西洋之中，冒纳凯阿火山的顶峰可以远远升到我们星球的浓密大气层之上，那里的地质条件可以使天文望远镜获得无比清晰的图像。反对在冒纳凯阿火山上建造望远镜并非新鲜事。一小部分直言

40、不讳的夏威夷人和环保主义者长期以来都认为这些望远镜的存在是对这片神圣土地的不尊重，同时也是对“夏威夷曾经作为主权国家却被占领”这一痛苦事实的提醒。一些人指责道，天文学家也对现在的争议负有一定的责任。他们渴望建造更大的天文望远镜，却忘了科学不是了解世界的唯一方式。他们没有始终将对冒纳凯阿火山脆弱生态系统的保护和捍卫该火山对岛屿居民的神圣意义置于优先位置。夏威夷文明不是历史遗产，今日，它是正在复兴的生动文化。然而，科学也有文化史，其根源可以追溯至文明诞生之初。抱着希望发现地平线之外东西的好奇心，早期的波利尼西亚人首次踏上了夏威夷海岸，而同样的好奇心则鼓舞今天的天文学家去探索天堂。那些要求拆除冒纳凯

41、阿火山上所有望远镜或禁止未来所有发展的呼吁忽视了一个事实，那就是天文学和夏威夷文化都在探寻解答有关于我们是谁、我们来自哪里以及我们到哪里去这样的宏大问题。也许这就是我们探索繁星天空的原因，好像我们正在回应一个原始的召唤，去了解我们自己以及我们真正的祖先起源。天文学界正在做出妥协，他们改变了对冒纳凯阿火山的使用方式。他们在岛上选了一个尽可能隐蔽的地方来修建30米望远镜观望台，并尽可能避免对考古和环境造成影响。为了限制冒纳凯阿火山上望远镜的数量，旧的望远镜在达到使用年限时就会被移除，并让它们的原址回归到自然状态。因此，任何人都应被欢迎在冒纳凯阿火山拥抱他们的文化遗产，研究天空的繁星。Text 3R

42、obert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefu

43、lness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If every

44、thing was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 coun

45、tries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a m

46、ore rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economie

47、s have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as

48、the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmenta

49、l quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improvi

50、ng well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he_.Apraised the UK for its GDPBidentified GDP with happinessCmisinterpreted the role of GDPDhad a low opinion of GDP32.It can be inferred from Para

51、graph 2 that_.Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic patternBGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UKCthe UK will contribute less to the world economyDpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?AIt is s

52、ponsored by 163 countries.BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that_.Athe UK is preparing for an economic boomBhigh GDP foreshadows an economic declineCit is essential to consider factors beyond

53、 GDPDit requires caution to handle economic issues35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK LessonBGDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthCRebort F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPDBrexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-beingText 3 全文翻译罗伯特肯尼迪曾说

54、过，一个国家的GDP能衡量“除了使生活变得有意义的事之外的任何事物。”由于英国投票决定脱离欧盟，其GDP预计会出现下跌。现在是时候来思考肯尼迪所说的话了。有关对GDP及其有用性的质疑已经困扰政策制定者超过半世纪了。许多人认为GDP是一个有瑕疵的概念。其衡量一些无关紧要的事物，而没有衡量一些重要的事物。最近的衡量结果表明，英国的GDP因其低失业率以及高增长而令西方世界羡慕。如果一切进展得如此顺利，那为什么1.7亿人在被警告说脱欧将会影响国家经济前景的情况下还要投票支持脱离欧盟呢？最近一份调查了各国和它们将经济增长转换为幸福感能力的年度报告可能会对上述问题有一定的启示性作用。在163个被调查的国家

55、中，英国在确保将增长转化为公民生活水平提升方面是表现得最差的国家之一。这次调查并没有将衡量重心放在GDP上，其还涉及到了包括健康、教育以及公民社会参与度等40多项不同的指标，以求对接受调查的国家的表现做一个更加全面的评估。尽管这些国家都面临挑战，但仍然存在许多持续性的主题。确实，自2008年全球衰退以来，经济复苏缓慢，但主要经济体在医疗和教育领域的关键性指标呈现出继续下滑的态势。然而，这并不是所有国家面临的情况。一些相对贫困的欧洲国家在公民社会、收入平等以及环保等指标上都取得了显著的进步。这是富裕国家需要学习的经验：当GDP不再被视为衡量国家成功的唯一标准时，这个世界会变得与众不同。所以，肯尼

56、迪的言外之意是，尽管GDP是最常用的衡量一个国家经济活动的方法之一，但作为衡量指标，GDP已经不够用了。其并不包括一些重要的因素，比如环境质量或教育成果这些能提升人类幸福感的事物。意料中全世界及英国经济增长的受挫会导致我们幸福感和经济增长所依赖的日常服务有所下滑。但那些将重心重新放在如何提升幸福感上，而不是简单考虑GDP数据的政策制定者将会避开可以预见的风暴，并能看到进步。Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virg

57、inia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trial failed to tell

58、 a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governors decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices f

59、ound.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not a

60、n “official act”.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief