专题17推理判断题解答技巧(解析版)-备战高考英语

1、专题17推理判断题解答技巧多皮被桁推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研窕细节,的暗示，推敲作者的态 度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题.做这类题时，考生应在理解全 文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest （推断，暗指）等词。 对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字而的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。 同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。这种问

2、题的提问方式通常有：.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that.We can infer from the text that./ What can we learn from.? / We can conclude from the passage that.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.T

3、he author implies that by the year 2080,.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.The author mentions the fact tliat.to show. This passage would most likely be found in?.The authors attitude toward .is?. The tone of the passage can best be described as?这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不

4、可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的 有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的 说，考生应当注意以下几点：.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足己知，推断未知，遵循“词不 离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替 作者的观点。.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考 生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分 析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论

5、。.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、 综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸 准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个 细方进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细苗的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速 在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇 文章。1.细

6、节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。 考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、 推理、判断。典型试题（2020北京高考真题）Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms （算法） carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city s

7、treets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager

8、 to change.Some of todays AI pioneers want to move on from todays world of weak” or “narrow、AI, to create “strong” or fiilF AI, or what is often called artificial general mtelligence （AGI）. In some respects, todays powerfill computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advoc

9、ates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGL has ail ambition to “solve intelligence. If we re successfill/ their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most

10、mortant and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made/Since the early days of AL imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted die eventual creation of an ultra-intelligent machine. that can far surpass all the in

11、tellectual （智力的）activities of any man, however clever： Good went on to suggest tliat the first ultra-intelligent machine could be the last invention that man need ever make/Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced （强化）by many works of fiction Ma

12、ry Shelley s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression （敌对行为）.Instead, I agree with Oxford University philoso

13、pher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of todays excited discussion about these p

14、ossibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. What does the underlined word ubiquitous in Paragraph I probably mean

15、?A.Enormous in quantity.B.Changeable daily.C.Stable in quality.D.Present everywhere.What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?A.Help to tackle problems.B.Make brains more active.C.Bcnefit ambitious people.D.Set up powerful databases.As for Irving Good s opinion on ultra-intelligent machi

16、nes, the author is.A.supportiveB.disapprovingC.fearfulD.uncertain.What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?A.It may be only a dream.B.It will come into being soon.C.It will be controlled by humans.D.It may be more dangerous than ever.【答案】9.D10.A ll.B 12.A【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能（AGI）实现的可能性进行了论

17、述。9.词义猜测题 根据划线词所在句后面的 For example, algorithms （算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another（例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我 们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言）可知，人工智能在我们生活中用

18、处十分广泛。由此推知， 划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”,即划线词与D选项“Present everywhere.（在 任何地方存在）“意思接近。故选D项。.细方理解题。根据第二段 AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems（AGI 的倡导者说,AG可以 24 小时为我们工作,并利 用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案）可知，AGI（通

19、用人工智能）的倡导者认为，AGI（通用人工 智能）可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems（帮助解决问 题）”符合题意。故选A项。.推理判断题。根据第三段 Since the early days of AI. imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965. an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an ultra-

20、intelligent machuie. that can far surpass all the intellectual （智力的）activities of any man. however clever”（自从人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文古德预言， 最终将创造出一台“超智能机器它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”）可知，作者 认为Irving Good对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项 “disapproving（不赞成）”符合题意。故选B项。.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 And.

21、having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers. I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.（而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智 能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI）可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI） 或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream（它也许仅仅是一个梦想）符合题意。故选择A项。2.因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因

22、或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握 文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行 分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。典型试题（2020海南高考真题）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.Can you believe that a single bush（，瞿木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whol

23、e of Britain!About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the worlds oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own surviva

24、l; the tall trees make a canopy （树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually

25、 touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants* way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not a

26、ll tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some ar

27、eas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it wont keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity （湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of r

28、ainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?A.They produce oxygen.B.They cover a vast area.C.They are well managed.D.They are rich in wildlife.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?A.Heavy

29、rainsB.Big trees.C.Small plants.D.Forest animals.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?A.For more sunlight.B.For more growingspace.C.For self-protection.D.For the detection of insects.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Life-Giving RainforestsB.The Law o

30、f the JungleC.Animals in the AmazonD.Weather in Rainforests【答案】I D 2.B 3.C 4.A【分析】本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼，热 带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产 生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。.细 A理解题。根据第一段 Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得 知，热带雨

31、林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。.细 J理解题。根据第二段 Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy （树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat fromthe sun

32、and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥 热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选民.推理判断题。根据第三段 Scientists think this is the plants way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.得知，科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病 扩散和让比如毛毛

33、虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为 了自我保护，故选C。.主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次，热带雨林 就是地球的肺一它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后，雨林可以自我形成所 需降雨的75%,而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可以判 断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”，故选A.3.人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、 性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观

34、点等方而的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中 的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。干扰项特点：.是自己的某种看法或观点.是社会的一种普遍种倾向.是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等解题技巧：.问全文主体事物的（包括主邈），可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、 副词或动词确定作者的态度;.如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以

35、定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。典型试题（2020海南高考真题）The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of Hforbiddcn fruit* that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of de

36、aling with forbidden fniit.“Please bring that pistol to me；11 said. Tin going to put it in my Grandmas Box.”Whats that?* they asked.“Its a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren.” I replied.“You dont have grandchildren/1 someone said.1 dont now. I replied. MBut someday I will. When I d

37、o, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.”My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away-since I seldom actually

38、 kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that years class. Then someone said, “Now you can use your Grandmas Box.” From then on instead of coming to ask their

39、 possessions back, the students would say, Thats okay. Put it in your Grandmas Box for Gordon.I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fniit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise

40、 gifta large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandmas Box a reality.What was the authors purpose in having the conversation with the students?A .To collect the water pistol.B.To talk about her grandchildren.C.To recommend some toys.D.To explain her teaching method.What do th

41、e underlined words the offender in paragraph 8 refer to?A.The studenfs parent.B.The maker of the Grandmas Box.C.The authors grandchild.D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?A.Tliey went to play with the baby.B.They asked to see the G

42、randmas Box.C.Tliey made a present for Gordon.8.What can we infer about the author?D.They stopped asking their toys back.A.She enjoys telling jokes.C.She loves doing woodwork.【答案】5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B【分析】B.She is a strict and smart teacher.D.Shc is a responsible grandmother这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想

43、出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。 到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞。收到了 儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。5,细行理解题o 根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of Hforbidden fniitH that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pis.（在缺席 15 年之后，我又回 到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出

44、的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪）”以及第三段中“Please bring that pistol to me/ I said. *1*111 gomg to put it in my Grandmas Box.（请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在 我奶奶的盒子里。由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I would return the belonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为 “禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后 就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词

45、意思为“禁果的拥有者、故选D。.细行理解题。根据倒数第二段中“From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, 4Tliats okay. Put it in your Grandma $ Box for Gordon.（从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财 物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子里）”由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他 们不再索要玩具。故选D。,推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者对待学生很严

46、格： 同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可推知，作者是一 个严格而聪明的老师。故选B。4.篇章结构推断题根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙 述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增 强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。典型试题Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably

47、sing or whistle when you are happy.Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory. How does the writer explain

48、birds singing?By comparing birds with human beings.By reporting experiment results.By descnbmg birds daily life.By telling a birds story.【答案】A【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。5.文章结论推断题由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。典型试题（2020江苏高考真题）For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more benefi

49、cial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists co

50、nducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the mens fitness and resting metabolic （新陈代谢的）rates and took samples （样品）of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on

51、 two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long o

52、vernight fast （禁食）.On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, die scientists took additional samples of the mens blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences.

53、Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories

54、 （卡路里），on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these ge

55、nes produce proteins （蛋白质）that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin （胰岛素）levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these result

56、s is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.Tlie underlined expression “stomach it in Paragraph 1 most probably means A.digest the meal easilyB.manage without breakfastC.decide wisely what to eatD.eat whatever is offered. Why were the 10 people c

57、hosen for the experiment?A.Tlieir lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B.Tlieir lack of exercise led to overweight.C.Tliey could walk at an average speed.D.Tliey had slow metabolic rates.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A.Tliey successfully lost weight.B.They consumed a

58、 bit more calories.C.Tlicy burned more fat on average.D.They displayed higher insulin levels.What could be learned from the research?A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.loo much workout often slows metabolic rates.C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D.Physical exer

59、cise before breakfast is better for health.【答案】13.B 14.A 15.B 16.D【分析】本文是说明文，文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康 更有益:.词句猜测题。根据下文 working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first 可知， 早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断 划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。.细节理解题。根据第三段的

60、 They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles arc far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.可知，他们首先找到了 10 个超重 的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可 知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选Ac.细节理解题。根据第六段的 As a result, they burned more fat