国航机务英语第四册口语交流

1、CONTENTLessonOneAir Conditioning P. 1LessonTwoAuto FlightP. 6LessonThreeAir SourceP. 10LessonFourCommunicationP. 14LessonFiveAPUP. 18Lesson SixFire ProtectionP. 22Lesson SevenEngine IgnitionP. 26Lesson EightOilP. 30Lesson NineFlight ControlP. 34Lesson TenCentre Maintenance SystemP. 37Lesson ElevenAi

2、r Conditioning Lay OutP. 43Lesson TwelveNavigationP. 49Lesson ThirteenAuto FlightP. 53Lesson FourteenHydraulic SystemP. 58Lesson FifteenElectrical PowerP. 63Lesson SixteenNavigationP. 67Lesson SeventeenFuelP. 71Lesson EighteenCentre Maintenance SystemP. 77Lesson NineteenOilP. 81Lesson TwentyFlight C

3、ontrolP. 84Lesson OneAir conditioning SystemPart one: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.The air conditioning system supplies pressurization to the whole passenger compartment, the cockpit, all the cargo compartments and

4、the avionic compartment.There are areas in the fuselage that are not pressurized and they are separated by pressure bulkheads.Areas that are not pressurized are the landing gear bays, the radome and the tail cone.Exercises: 1Questions to the Text:Where is pressurized by the air conditioning system?A

5、re there any un-pressurized areas? What are they?Radom is pressurized, isnt it?Exercises 2:Describe Fig.1 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words. Fig. 1 Fig.1 Air conditioning systemPart Two:Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and

6、then describe the diagram below with your own words.Electricity is mainly used for electrical heating, for lighting, to produce mechanical power, and last but not least to supply all the electronic devices.Electrical power for heating is mainly used in the galleys for ovens and coffee machines. It i

7、s also used in anti ice systems to prevent icing of air data probes, water systems and cockpit windows.Lighting equipment is mainly used in the cockpit to provide sufficient general brightness and to illuminate the working areas like panels and maps and in the cabin for passenger comfort and safety

8、and outside the aircraft to make the aircraft visible for other aircraft and to illuminate the ground during takeoff and landing.Mechanical power is produced by electric motors, which are mainly used to drive pumps, for example, fuel and hydraulic pumps or to drive a valve to the commanded position

9、in the fuel, hydraulic or air conditioning system or to move mechanical parts like doors and cargo containers.Electronic devices that are used in nearly all aircraft systems are the computers for system control and monitoring and the control inputs and indications in the cockpit and sensors througho

10、ut the whole aircraft.Exercise 1:Questions to the Text:What is electrical power used for?Were does the heating for oven and coffee machines come from?what is lighting equipment used for?Are there any lighting equipment outside the aircraft?What are the purpose for the lights outside the aircraft?How

11、 is the valve controlled?Electronic devices are used to control various systems, arent they?Exercises 2:Describe Fig.2 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 2 Electrical Power Lesson TwoAuto FlightPart One:Read the following passage and memory as

12、much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.The aircraft has three axes. They are called:the longitudinal or x-axisand the lateral or yaxisthe vertical or z-axisThe Autopilot controls the aircraft attitude directly around 2 axes, by elevator deflections from the pitch ch

13、annel and aileron deflections from the roll channel .Autoland Autopilots can also control the aircraft attitude directly around the vertical axis by rudder deflections from the yaw channel.The Yaw damper controls the rudder to dampen dutch roll oscillations (swings) during the entire flight.The pitc

14、h trim system moves the horizontal stabilizer, to compensate for changes in the center of gravity and center of lift during flight.Autothrottle is the only system that can control an aircraft motion along an axis,called a translatory motion. It generates accelerations in the x-axis by controlling th

15、e engine thrust.Exercise 1:Questions to the Text:How many axes does an aircraft move along?2.What is the function of the Yaw Damper?3.What is the function of the Pitchtrim?4.How does an aircraft accelerate?5.How is vertical movement of an aircraft achieved?Exercise 2:Describe Fig.3 with what you hav

16、e learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 3 Axes of An AircraftFig. 3 Pitch Yaw and RollPart Two:Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.All modern aircraft are equipped with autoflight systems.

17、Typically, an autoflight system has the following subsystems:- the Autopilot, or AP in short- the Flight Director, or FD- the Autothrottle System, usually abbreviated as ATS- the Automatic Pitch Trim System, also called Autotrim- and the Yaw Damper System, or YDThe Flight Director shows the pilot ho

18、w to fly the aircraft manually. This is done by Flight Director Command bars in the Primary Flight Display - PFD or Attitude Director Indicator-ADI.The Autothrottle System reduces the workload for the pilots by controlling the engine power automatically.Autotrim maintains pitch stability during all

19、phases of the flight. It usually adjusts the horizontal stabilizer automatically.The Yaw Damper improves the dynamic stability of the aircraft during the whole flight.The FMS does navigation and performance calculations for optimum flight performance.Exercise 1:Questions to the text:How many subsyst

20、ems does autoflight consist of?What does flight director show?What is the function of Autothrottle?What is autotrim used for?Which subsystem can improve the aircraft dynamic stability?what does FMC stand for?Exercise 2:Describe Fig.4 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible

21、with your own words.Fig. 4 Autoflight SystemLesson ThreeAir SourcePart one: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.On aircraft pneumatic energy is used for engine starting, cabin pressurization and air conditioning, wing anti

22、-icing, water reservoir pressurization and hydraulic reservoir pressurization on some aircraft.You may find other systems and components that also work pneumatically, for instance, air-driven pumps for hydraulics or air motors used for slat operation. In any pneumatic systems, air pressure and tempe

23、rature need to be as constantas possible to support the different consumers effectively.Exercise 1:Questions to the text:What is the function of aircraft pneumatic system?why constant air pressure and temperature are needed?Does air-driven work pneumatically or hydraulically?Air motors are used for

24、hydraulic system operation, arent they?Exercise 2:Describe Fig.5 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 5 Pneumatic SystemPart Two:Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.A m

25、odular engine construction is used on all modern aircraft. The whole engine is split up into a set of separate major modules. These engine modules are pre-assembled and balanced. They are specially designed to be removed and replaced more easily. The modules remain intact after removal and do not fa

26、ll to pieces.The major engine modules are further divided into individual modules. The number of modules depends on the manufacturer and on the engine type.Exercise 1:Questions to the text:Why are engines are designed into a set of separate modules?What would be like if engine is disassembled?Can th

27、e engine module be further divided?How many modules does an engine contain?Exercise 2:Describe Fig.6 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 6. Engine ConstructionLesson FourCommunicationPart one: Read the following passage and memory as much as you

28、 can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.For communication in aircraft we need two general components for nearly all systems:Microphones transfer the acoustic information into an electrical signal. Loudspeakers transfer the electrical signal back into acoustical information. Dif

29、ferent types of microphone are used in the cockpit. An area microphone, which is usually installed on the ceiling panel, is used by the voice recorder to record the general cockpit sounds; a handheld microphone is used for announcements to the passengers; and integrated microphones are contained in

30、the oxygen mask or the headset. These are called the boomset.Exercise 1:Questions to the text:What makes it possible for the communication in aircraft?What is the function of a microphone?Which component transfer the electrical signal into acoustical information?How many types of microphone are used

31、 in the cockpit?What type of microphone does the voice recorder use?6.Where is the voice recorder microphone located?Exercise 2:Describe Fig.7 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 7 CommunicationPart Two:Read the following passage and memory as m

32、uch as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.The VHF communication system is used for short distance voice and data communication with ground stations or other aircraft.The VHF frequency range for aircraft communication systems is from 117.975MHz to 137 MHz .Note that the

33、frequency of 121.5 is an international emergency frequency, which is used, for example, by the emergency locator beacon.The spacing between each communication channel is normally 25 kHz, which means that 760 frequencies, also called channels, are available.In Europe more channels are required in hig

34、h flight levels, therefore modern systems use a channel spacing of 8.3 kHz which means more than 2000 channels are available.Exercise 1:Questions to the text:What is the function of the VHF communication system?Do you know the frequency range of VHF communication? What are they?When will the emergen

35、cy frequency be used?How many channels are available for VHF system?How many KHz is the spacing between each channel?Exercise 2:Describe Fig.8 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 8 VHF CommunicationLesson FiveAPUPart one: Read the following pass

36、age and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.We can split the APU into three main sections. the power section the bleed section and the accessory gearbox sectionThe power section of the APU drives the compressor and the gearbox. This gearbox drives all A

37、PU accessories like the fuel pump the oil pumps the cooling fan and the AC-generator.On very large APU like this one, you may even find two AC-generators on the gearbox.Exercise 1:Questions to the text:How many main sections can APU be divided into?What are the three main parts of a APU?Which part o

38、f the APU drives the gearbox?How does the fuel pump work?How many APUs does an aircraft have?Exercise 2:Describe Fig.9 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 9 APUPart Two: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe

39、 the diagram below with your own words.The APU doors give access for servicing and maintenance.There are usually two doors located on the bottom of the rear fuselage. On small aircraft, there is only one door.Latches in the lower inboard edge of the access door hold and secure the doors closed.Exerc

40、ise 1:Questions to the text:What is the function of the APU doors?How many doors does an APU usually have?Where does the APU door located?What is the purpose of the latches?Exercise 2:Describe Fig 10 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 10 APU do

41、orsLesson SixFire ProtectionPart one: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.The APU is a small engine which also has a fire detection system. The system must be operative when the APU is running.The APU fire warning system a

42、ctivates the same fire warning in the cockpit as for the engines.The system also has 2 features that are important if the cockpit is empty. One feature is a ground warning in the nose or main wheel well area. A red light flashes and a warning horn sounds.The APU fire detection sensor is the same typ

43、e of continuous dual loop as for the engine fire detection system.Exercise 1: Questions to the text:When must the fire protection system be operative?Why there is a ground warning in the nose or main wheel well area?What kind of warning does the system will give if there is a fire?What type is the A

44、PU fire detection sensor?Exercise 2:Describe Fig 11 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Cockpit WarningGround WarningRed lightSensor loopFig. 11 APU Fire ProtectionPart Two: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe

45、the diagram below with your own words.When a fire starts, there are three ways to put out the fire: cool down the temperture; remove the oxygen; or remove the flammable materialsAll fire extinguisher agents use one or more of these effects to extinguish a fire.In an aircraft, a fire must be extingui

46、shed as quickly as possible. This is done either by an installed fire extinguishing system or by using portable fire extinguishers. Both methods use very effective extinguishing agents to put out a fire.In transport aircraft, fire extinguishing systems are installed on the engines, on the APU, in th

47、e toilets and in the cargo compartments, if necessary for the compartment classification.Exercise 1: Questions to the text:What are the principles for the distinguisher to put out a fire?Why a fire in an aircraft must be extinguished as soon as possible?How is a fire in an aircraft distinguished?Whe

48、re are the distinguishers installed in transport aircraft?According to fig. 12, how many distinguishers are installed in the aircraft?Exercise 2:Describe Fig 12 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Toilet APU engineCargo compartmentFig. 12 Fire Exting

49、uisher LocatinLesson SevenEngine IgnitionPart One: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.In this segment we will look at the operation and build-up of the igniter plug. You can find two igniter plugs on each engine, one for

50、system A and the other for system B. In the cut view of the engine on the right you can see that the igniter plugs are installed in 2 positions in the combustion chamber below the centerline of the engine.Exercise 1: Questions to the text:What shall we learn in this segment?What does the word build-

51、up mean here?How many igniters are there on each engine?Where are they installed?Which part of the diagram tells us the position of the igniter plug?Exercise 2:Describe Fig 13 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 13 Igniter InstallationPart Two:

52、Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.The part of the ignition lead that runs along the core engine has a cooling air jacket. Air from the engine compressor passes through the gap between the conduit and the rubber insulatio

53、n. Now you can start the airflow by doing this task. The cooling air enters through inlet holes and comes out above the coupling nut. From here the air flows over the surface of the igniter plug and gives additional cooling. The cooling air for the lead is necessary because the copper wire increases

54、 its resistance with the temperature. So a hot lead decreases the igniter current and consequently the energy of the igniter spark.Exercise 1: Questions to the text:How is the ignition lead cooled?Where is the cooling air from?Why is the cooling air necessary?What will happen if the lead becomes hot

55、?Exercise 2:Describe Fig 14 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 14. Ignition Lead CoolingLesson EightEngine OilPart One: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.In this se

56、gment you will learn about the main tasks of engine oil and the different characteristics of oils. First let us look at the main tasks of oil on modern jet engines. These tasks include:- lubricating,- cooling,- cleaning- and corrosion protection.Generally, lubrication is needed to reduce friction be

57、tween metal surfaces that move against each other. The contact surfaces look very smooth but when you look more closely at them through a microscope you can see that they are very rough ( Fig 15).When the surfaces move against each other they can cause very high friction and wear. So the oil is need

58、ed to form a protective film. This prevents the contact between the metal surfaces. An oil pump pumps the oil into the gearbox and then is squeezed into the gap between two parts.Exercise 1: Questions to the text:What are the main tasks of the oil on modern engine?Why is lubrication is needed?The su

59、rface of a metal part is actually very rough, isnt it?If there is no oil to lubricate, what will happen when two parts move against each other?How does the oil get into the gearbox?Exercise 2:Describe Fig 14 with what you have learned in the text. Speak as much as possible with your own words.Fig. 1

60、5 Task of Engine OilPart Two: Read the following passage and memory as much as you can, and then describe the diagram below with your own words.The oil reservoir and supply system are also called the pressure oil system. The main components of this system are:- the oil tank- the supply lines- the su