股骨髋臼撞击的关节镜诊疗

1、股骨髋臼撞击的关节镜诊疗髋关节慢性疼痛的原因关节内关节内游离体盂唇损伤关节外肌肉肌腱损伤神经牵拉滑囊炎髋臼股骨撞击常见的FAI的病因“手枪柄形”股骨颈 髋臼后倾a 手枪柄形股骨颈b 正常股骨颈“8” figure盂唇撕裂与髋关节退化、骨性关节炎密切相关非球面股骨头、髋臼与早期出现髋关节骨性关节炎相关FAI是否与退化性髋关节疾病相关-目前未知消除结构上的异常解除疼痛延缓退化在极度的活动范围下股骨颈直径增大股骨头、颈偏移减小均可能由于股骨颈、髋臼反复接触，产生剪式应力，造成盂唇和髋臼软骨的损伤撞击性的盂唇损伤，绝大多数位于髋臼前上区Murry最早将撞击的理论用于解释退化性髋关节疾病病因Leunig

2、等人发现髋臼边缘的退化常见于老年髋关节，并认为FAI引发了这一过程Beck等人在手术治疗髋臼前上象限的盂唇损伤时发现损伤与股骨头、颈前外侧偏移有关股骨头、颈偏移减小病因不清“手枪柄”形股骨颈亚临床型的股骨头骺滑脱股骨近端生长障碍病因Ganz撞击类型凸轮（Cam）撞击非球面股骨头在屈髋时与髋臼接触，产生剪式应力，造成髋臼盂唇在前上象限自外向内的磨损。盂唇损伤浅，仅局限于撞击部位钳形（Pincer）撞击髋臼边缘与股骨头、颈结合部线状的撞击，撞击的起源在髋臼，常造成髋臼前方过度覆盖（髋臼后倾），或前方骨赘形成。盂唇磨损严重患肢屈曲内旋时产生撞击“8” figure临床表现病史年轻病人多见中年运动员，

3、活动时腹股沟区疼痛常发生在与屈髋有关的活动中简单活动和运动时都可能引发疼痛症状间歇发生，由轻到重腹股沟疼痛可能造成活动受限，特别是运动员经常误诊，保守治疗无效或加重体检屈髋状态下，内旋内收受限髋关节体检时常伴随疼痛撞击实验：被动屈曲内收髋关节，逐渐内旋，引发腹股沟区的疼痛须鉴别排除：滑囊炎，神经牵拉痛，腹股沟疝影像学检查双髋正位相骨盆正位相穿台侧位相（A cross-table lateral radiograph）CTMRI三维CTX线片测量CE角 (Wiberg) 25度: 正常 20-25度:边缘髋臼指数10度：髋臼发育不良4-10度：正常颈干角：140 发育不良15.2%治疗非手术治疗

4、非甾体抗炎药限制活动-屈髋由于是机械原因，非手术治疗不能解除病源切开手术治疗关节镜下清创并处理盂唇、软骨损伤软骨损伤的处理Acetabular chondral injuries may be addressed by chondroplasty, drilling, or microfractureThese lesions are not uncommon and tend to extend about 5 to 7 mm in width along the length of the impingement lesionIn most cases of FAI, the femora

5、l articular surface is intact骨量的控制The amount of resection that predictably ended in a fracture was greater than 30% of the femoral neckNo more than approximately 20% of the width of the neck should be resectedPreoperative measurement of the overall width of the neck allows the surgeon to plan for as

6、 conservative a resection as is possible切开手术结果open surgical dislocation approachBeck M ,2004，The open surgical dislocation approach， 14 / 19 patients for good resultsMurphy S,2004, 23 hips evaluation, 7 patients had been converted to total hip arthroplasty关节镜手术结果Christensen C, 10 patients Follow-up

7、averaged 16 months (range, 9 to 24 months). Eight patients with evidence of FAI and no intra-articular cartilage degenerative disease did substantially better than the 2 patients who had degenerative disease diagnosed at the time of arthroscopy The McCarthy scoring averaged 75 preoperatively and 95 at follow-upSson has reported on a series of 90 patients treated arthroscopically for FAI. In his experience, nearly all patients had elimination of the impingement sign (pain on flexion and internal rotation) and were happy