初三下Unit1SectionA3

1、Unit 1Have you read Treasure Island yet?Section APeriod ThreeObjectivesTo learn the Present perfect tense with already and yetTo learn the new words: fiction, technology, Frenchfictionscience fictiontechnologyFrench n. 小说科幻小说n. 科技；工艺n. 法语Words and expressionsGrammarReviewarrive on the islandbring ba

2、ckgive upgrow fruit and vegetablesa broken shipnot long after thatsome cannibalsname sb.到达这个岛上带回来放弃种水果和蔬菜一艘破的船在那后不久一些食人肉者给某人取名PresentationFill in the blanks according to the Chinese meaning.1. A: 你读过小妇人吗？ B: 我读过。/ 我没读过。A: _ you _ Little Women yet?B: Yes，I _. / No, I _.2. A: Tina读过金银岛吗？ B:她读了。她认为它棒极了

3、。A: _Tina _ Treasure Island yet?B: Yes, _ _. She thinks its _.Hasreadfantastic she hasHavehaventreadhave3. A：你确定写哪本书了吗？ B: 我已经确定了。我已经读完了它。它真的很棒。A: _ you _ which book _ _ _ yet?B: Yes, I have. Ive _ _ reading it. It was really good. Havedecided to writealreadyfinishedaboutGrammarThe Present Perfect T

4、ense (现在完成时态) 1. 现在完成时的构成:（1）现在完成时是由助动词 “have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成； 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句：have或has放于句首（2）助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围，它和主语 的人称、数要保持一致；（3）过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 动词的过去分词的变化规律:A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同 cost cost cost cut cut cut put put put B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同 bring brought brought t

5、hink thought thought get got got sell sold sold C. 原型与过去分词相同 come came come run ran run become became becomeD. 原形, 过去式和 过去分词完全不同 begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung E. 没有过去分词的动词 can could may might shall should will would现在完成时用法一表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果，常被just、already、yet 等副词修

6、饰。 如： Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） 用 already或 yet填空： Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.Most of us have _ finished our compositions.3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.Practiceyetyetalreadyyet4a: Use the words in brackets to

7、 complete the conversation.1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _. (just/drink some tea)2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet.3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B: _. (already/leave) A: When _? (leave) B: This morning.4. A: Is your sister going to the movie

8、s with us tonight? B: No. _. (already/see the film)5. A: What do your parents think about our plan? B: I _ . (not/tell them/yet)Ive just drunk some teaHave you found it yetHe has already leftdid he leaveShe has already seen the filmhavent told them yetFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the

9、 words in brackets.4b Sally _ (love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _ already _ (read) more than 100 different books! Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what lovesha

10、sread the world _ (be) like in 50 years. She _ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she _ (not read) yet and she cant wait to read them!will befinishedwill w

11、ritehasnt read1. China develops so fast. Thats true. It _ a lot already. (2011安徽芜湖) A. changesB. changed C. will changeD. has changed 2. Julia isnt going to the cinema with us because she _ the film. (2013浙江湖州) A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen 实战中考3. Id like to introduce my best friend to you,

12、 Peter. Thank you, Lucy. But we _ already. (2012河南) A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met4. Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No, I wont. I _ it already. (南京市) A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see5. Our school is having a sports meeting. Someone _ here already. (2011

13、黑龙江) A. arrived B. have arrived C. has arrived6. _ you _ the movie Gongfu Panda II？ Not yet. Ill see it this Sunday. (2011四川内江) A. Did, see B. Do, see C. Have, seen用法二：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常与 for+时间段 eg. for 20 years since+过去的时间点 eg. Since 1995 since +段时间 +ago eg. Since twenty

14、years ago since +一般过去时的句子 so far 等时间状语。提问时用how long 如：I have lived here for 20 years. I have lived here since 1995. I have lived here since twenty years ago. I have lived here since I was a student.用 since 或 for 填空： We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term. Mrs. Liao has been in hos

15、pital _ last week. I have stayed at my aunts _ two weeks.Practicesinceforsince用法三：表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有 never, ever, once, twice, three/fourtimes 等副词或短语连用 如：我去过北京两次。 I have been to Beijing twice. 我从未去过那里。 I have never been there. 你去过新加坡吗？ Have you ever been to Singapore? 注意 have be

16、en (to) 与 have gone (to) 的区别： （1）have been (to) 表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称； （2）have gone (to) 表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称； （3）前者可与once, never, several times 等连用，后 者则不能。 如：他们去过北京两次。 They have been to Beijing twice.(现在已经回来了 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 用have gone或 have been填空：Where are the students? T

17、hey _ to the school factory. Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _ he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times. He asked me if I _ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before.Practicehas gonehave beenHasbeenhas beenhavebeenh

18、ave goneHave been in 一直都在,呆在某个地方,一直在某地I have been in Beijing for three years.我在北京已经住了三年了(现在仍住在北京) 现在完成时与一般过去式的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。 I have just been to London. I went there last month. 2.现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；过去

19、时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。 3. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week， ago, in 1980, in October, just now (具体的时间状语) 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently, lately 现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till

20、/until, up to now, in past years, always4.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know 过去时常用的非持续性动词有：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了)Why did you get up so early? （强

21、调起床的动作已发生过了)Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争)She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 5. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （错） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

22、 （对）PracticeChoose the best answer.1. Bothhisparentslooksad. Maybe they _ whatshappenedto him . A. knew B.have known C.must know D. will know2. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years.A. iswriting B. waswriting C. wrote D. haswritten3. Our country _ a lot so far.Yes. I hope it will be

23、 even _. A. haschanged; well B.changed; good C. haschanged; better D.changed; better4. What are you going to do this Sunday? I _ yet. (绍兴市) A. wont decide B. didnt decide C. havent decided D. dont decide5. - _ you _yourhomeworkyet? -Yes. I _itamomentago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finishedC.H

24、ave; done; havefinished D.will; do; finish6. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。现在完成时 Present perfect定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时的构成：肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句: 主语+havent/hasnt+

25、过去分词 +其他一般 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+ 疑问句：？肯定答语: Yes, 主格代词+have/has.否定答语: No, 主格代词+havent/hasnt.动词过去分词的变化形式大部分与动词过去式形式相同，但是不规则动词的变化形式没有规律，需要记忆，比如：see-saw-seen; be-was, were-beeneat-ate-eaten; break-broke-brokengo-went-gone; take-took-takensend-sent-sent; find-found-foundmake-made-made; have-had-had1. 表示动作到现在

26、为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories.2. 动作发生在过去，强调对现在的结果、 影响等。 Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”? Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.现在完成时-用法4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。 Ill go home as soon as I have finished my homework. Please lend me that

27、 book if you have finished reading it. already 已经，常用于肯定句中。一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前，但也可以放在句末。 我已经看过这部电影了。 I have already seen the film. 我已经解决了这个问题。 I have already solved this problem. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 I have finished my homework already.现在完成时-与already连用yet，在现在完成时句型中常置于句末。 1) 已经，常用在疑问句中。 琳达已看过这本书了吗? Has Li

28、nda read the book yet? 你完成家庭作业了吗？ Have you finished your homework yet? 2) 还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。 他还未开始工作。 He has not begun to work yet. 现在完成时-与yet连用just 刚刚，常用于肯定句中。一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。我刚吃过午饭。I have just finished lunch. 我们刚刚听说她的婚讯。We have just heard of her marriage. 现在完成时-与just连用同学们要注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。虽

29、然这两个时态都和过去发生的事情有关，但是现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。如：现在完成时与一般过去时I went home at 10:00 yesterday. I have got home now.我昨天十点回家的。现在我已经到家了。I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago.我已经写完作业了，我是一个小时之前写完的。A: What books have you already read?B: Ive already read

30、Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.A: What do you think of them?B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.4cPairworkComplete the chart with information about you and a friend.My opinionYou Your friendCommentsBooks I have already readMovies I have already seenSongs I have a

31、lready heardHave you read Little Women yet?Yes, I have. / No, I havent.Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?Yes, she has. She thinks that its fantastic.Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes, I have. Ive already finished reading it. It was really good.Review课时重点回顾GrammarFocusTest your spelling.Spelling Bee1. English-Chinese treasu