附　　录陈毅生平大事年表64

1、 STRATEGY FOR ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS (THE KISUMU EXPERIENCE)PAPER AT AFRICTIES CONFERENCEBy Eng. P. L. OMBOGOCHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERLAKE VICTORIA SOUTH WATER SERVICES BOARDOUTLINEIntroductionStatus of Water and Sanitation Services before the reforms (year 200

2、3)The Turn around strategyWater and Sanitation Services to the informal settlementsDelegated Master Operator ModelINTRODUCTIONKisumu is located on the shores of Lake Victoria at elevation of 1100m to 1400m above the see levelKisumu population is estimated at 450,000 but rises to about 600,000 during

3、 the day due its strategic commercial position60% of the population live in informal settlementsThe existing water infrastructure only serves 40% of the Town Sanitation coverage is much less at 23% of the TownMost of the town is either using septic tanks or pit latrinesSTATUS OF WATER AND SANITATION

4、 SERVICES BEFORE THE REFORMS (YEAR 2003)Department of the Municipal Council of KisumuWater production 15,000m3/day against a water demand of 48,000m3/day to 60,000m3/day during the dayHigh levels of Unaccounted for Water averaging 70%Old infrastructure prone to frequent breakdownsUnplanned maintenan

5、ce Low revenue Kshs. 10 million to 13 million and low collection efficiency about 60%STATUS OF WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES BEFORE THE REFORMS (YEAR 2003)Unreliable water supplyNo attention to the informal settlements thereby creating room for small scale independent services providers Unreliable q

6、uality of waterLack of customer focusBroken sewer treatment plantsUnskilled and low enumerated staff with low moraleTHE TURN AROUND STRATEGY Commenced with the enactment of the Water Act 2002 which provided for the establishment of the following institutionsWater Services Regulatory Board as the reg

7、ulator Lake Victoria South Water Services Board as the asset developer and manager, and Licensee for contracting and supervising provision of Water Services by Water Service ProvidersWater Service Providers to operate and maintain water and sewerage services. This provided a legal framework for the

8、establishment of Kisumu Water & Sewerage CompanyTHE TURN AROUND STRATEGYConstitution of the companyThe company has since been establishedThe Board of Directors constituted with broad representation from the council, consumers, non governmental organizations and Kenya Association of manufacturersThe

9、Company has recruited the following core staff from the market- Managing Director, Chief Technical Manager, Chief Human Resource Manager, Audit, Commercial Manager and accountantsThis has improved the image and performance of the companyDevelopment of a Strategic Plan & Business PlanThe company has

10、since developed a strategic and business plan which clearly spells out the direction the company is moving towards with achievable benchmarksTHE TURN AROUND STRATEGYThese performance benchmarks are reflected in the annual performance contract that Lake Victoria South WSB has signed with the Governme

11、ntBecause of the reforms the Board through the Government secured AFD funding to the tune of 20 million Euros for rehabilitation and expansion of the water and sanitation facilities1st phase rehabilitation works is already contracted out and work is progressing2nd Phase design of the extension works

12、 has commencedIt is expected that after the investments there will be available water THE TURN AROUND STRATEGYThe benefits realised so farWater production increased to about 20,000m3/dayImproved revenue collection from Kshs. 13 to 15 million per monthReduced Unaccounted For Water from 70% to 60%Incr

13、eased access of water to areas for so many years have not received waterRing fenced revenue that is being utilised for planned operation and maintenance of water and sewerage facilitiesThe company can now attract and retain qualified manpowerThe development of strategic and Business planImproved cus

14、tomer focusTHE TURN AROUND STRATEGYThe main challenge for the board and KIWASCO is how to make the poor who live in the informal settlement and constitute 60% of the consumers of Kisumu access quality water at affordable rate and to improve on the benefits gainedWATER AND SANITATION SERIVCES TO INFO

15、RMAL SETTLEMENTSThe Board and the Company with the support of WSP Africa have carried out extensive studies on identification and management arrangements for improvement of Water and Sanitation Services to the informal settlementsThe study identified amongst others Water supply in informal settlemen

16、ts is inadequate, unreliable, of poor quality to some extend, water prices are high, poor sanitation facilities, poor planning of provision of services and unaffordable cost of sanitation servicesSeveral players already in this sector ( KIWASCO, NGOs, Small Scale Independent Providers and Private Op

17、eratorsWATER AND SANITATION SERIVCES TO INFORMAL SETTLEMENTSTo address these gaps the Board is taking the following measuresWorking on modalities of licensing and regulating all the players in the informal settlement to ensure quality and price regulation The Board in conjunction with WSP Africa hav

18、e applied for a grant from GPOBA to support the investment provided by AFD to specially target the informal settlementA component of AFD funding is dedicated to improving water and sanitation facilities to the poorWATER AND SANITATION SERIVCES TO INFORMAL SETTLEMENTSThe Board has therefore encourage

19、d a partnership that will improve service deliveryTo save on Unaccounted For Water in the informal settlements due to illegal connections, vandalism, lack of meters the Board and the company has developed and is implementing a concept named the DELEGATED MASTER OPERATOR MODELDELEGATED MASTER OPERATO

20、R MODEL- BackgroundNyalenda is an informal settlement in Kisumu with a population of 50,000Water was supplied throughKiosksIndividual connectionsBoreholesIllegal network sold by owners of individual connectionsDELEGATED MASTER OPERATOR MODEL- Existing Water Supply Situation Non-Formal Spaghetti Netw

21、ork, illegal connections resulting in leakages and high losses (UFW) faced by utility (KIWASCO).The poor cannot afford water sold by vendors and use unsafe sources.Meters stolen / removed by consumers causing problems in metering and billing. Metered ConnectionsIllegal ConnectionsSpaghetti NetworkDE

22、LEGATED MASTER OPERATOR MODEL- Goal of PilotReduce water losses from KIWASCOs main water supply lines resulting from illegal connections and vandalism Improve revenue from this segment of customersReduce girl child laborPartner with SIP to extend Water Supply Lines into the informal Settlements and

23、create employmentDELEGATED MASTER OPERATOR MODEL- Stakeholders and PartnersLake Victoria South Water Services Board (LVSWSB) overall responsibilitySocial Development Fund (SDF) donor funding pilotKisumu Water and Sewerage Company (KIWASCO) implementing agencyWater Committee - representing Community

24、Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) supporting pilotMaster Operator - private community agent contracted to manage sub network (MO)600mUtility supply lines Bulk supply, meteredPrivate master operator- secondary branchHousehold Meter ChambersMODEL OF PILOTDELEGATED MASTER OPERATOR MODEL- Benefits of t

25、his modelReduced UFW and revenue loss for KIWASCO from 70% - 55% and reduced Illegal ConnectionsExtend water with a lower resource investment from KIWASCO.Subcontracts management to a local resident Supplying higher quality water to large community at a lower price.Enhanced image of KIWASCO as socia

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