常用材料特性(共10页)

1、PAGE PAGE 11常用(chn yn)数据:金属材料熔点(rngdin)、热导率及比热容名称熔点热导率W/（mK）比热容J（kgK）名称熔点热导率W/（mK）比热容J（kgK）灰铸铁120046.492.8544.3铝658203904.3铸钢1425489.9铅32734.8129.5低碳钢1400150046.4502.4锡23262.6234.5黄铜95092.8393.6锌419110393.6青铜99563.8385.2镍145259.2452.2材料(cilio)线膨胀系数材料温 度 范 围 ()2020102020020300204002060020700209007010

2、00工程用铜黄铜青铜铸铝合金铝合金碳钢铬钢3Cr131Cr18/Ni9Ti铸铁镍铬合金砖水泥、混凝土胶木、硬橡皮玻璃有机玻璃18.4424.59.51014647716.617.117.817.622.024.010.612.211.210.216.68.711.114.5411.513017.117.218.817.923.424.811.31311.811.1178.511.617.620.918.224.025.912.113.512.411.617.210.112.118.18.112.913.91311.917.511.512.718.613.514.313.612.317.912.

3、913.214.71512.818.619.317.6 常用材料的密度材 料 名 称密 度材 料 名 称密 度材 料 名 称密 度碳钢合金钢球墨铸铁灰铸铁紫铜黄铜锡青铜无锡青铜碾压磷青铜冷拉青铜工业用铝7.87.857.97.37.08.98.48.858.78.97.58.28.88.82.7铅锡镁合金硅钢片锡基轴承合金铅基轴承合金胶木板、纤维板玻璃有机玻璃矿物油橡胶石棉板11.377.291.747.557.87.347.759.3310.671.31.42.42.61.181.190.921.52.0无填料的电木赛璐珞酚醛层压板尼龙6尼龙66尼龙1010纵纤维木材横纤维木材石灰石、花岗石

4、砌砖混凝土1.21.41.31.451.41.141.141.151.041.060.70.90.70.92.42.61.92.31.82.45常用材料的弹性模量及泊松比名称弹性模量EGPa切变模量GGPa泊松比名称弹性模量EGPa切变模量GGPa泊松比灰、白口铸铁球墨铸铁碳钢合金铜铸钢轧制磷青铜轧制锰黄铜11516015116020022021017511511045618181708442400.230.270.250.290.240.280.25-0.30.250.290.320.350.35铸铝青铜硬铝合金冷拔黄铜轧制纯铜轧制锌轧制铝铅1057191991108469174227353

5、74032263770.250.310.420.310.340.270.320.360.42常用法定计量单位及换算(hun sun)关系量的名称法定计量单位非法定计量单位换算关系名称符号名称符号旋转速度转每分r/min1r/min=(1/60)r/s长度米m埃英寸in1=0.1nm=10-10m1in=0.0254m=25.4mm面积平方米m2公亩公顷aha1a=102m21 ha=104m2体积容积立方米升m3L(1)(1=10-3m3)立方英尺英加仑美加仑ft3UkgalUSgal1ft3=0.0283168m3=28.3168dm31Ukgal=4.54609cm31Usgal=3.78

6、541dm3质量千克（公斤）吨Kgt磅长吨（英吨）ebton1eb=0.45359237cm31ton=1016.05kg力重力牛（顿）N达因千克力，（公斤力）吨力dynkgftf1dyn=10-5N1kgf=9.80665N1tf=9.80665103N压力压强帕（斯卡）pa巴标准大气压毫米汞柱千克力每平方厘米（工程大气压）baratmmmHgkgf/cm2(at)1bar=0.1Mpa=105pa(1pa=1N/m2)1atm=101325pa1mmHg=133.3224pa1kgf/cm2=9.80665104 pa应力M千克力每平方毫米Kgf/mm21kgf/mm2=9.8066510

7、6pa动力粘度帕斯卡秒Pas泊P1P=0。1Pas运动粘度二次方米每秒m2/s斯托克斯St1St=1cm2/s=10-4m2/s能,功热量焦耳J千克力米尔格卡热化学卡kgfmergcalcalth1kgfm=9.80665J1erg=10-7J1cal=4.1868J1calth=4.1840J功率瓦特W米制马力1米制马力=735.499W比热容焦耳每千克开尔文J/（kgK）千卡每千克开尔文kcal/(kgk)1kcal/(kgk)=4.1868103J/(KgK)传热系数瓦特每平方米开尔文W/(m2K)卡每平方厘米秒开尔文cal/(cm2sK)1cal/(cm2sK)=4.1868104W/

8、(m2K)热导率（导热系数）瓦特每米开尔文W/(m2K)卡每厘米秒开尔文cal/cmsk1cal/(cmsk)=4.1868102W/（mK）碳素结构钢（GB70088）牌号等级机 械 性 能屈服点S(MPa)抗拉强度bMPa屈服点S(MPa)冲击试验脱氧方法钢材厚度（直径）（mm）钢材厚度（直径）（mm）温度V型冲击功（纵向）161640406060100100150150161640406060100100150150不小于不小于不小于Q195（195）（185）3153903332F、b、ZQ215A215205195185175165335460313029282726B2027Q23

9、5A235225215205195185375460262524232221F、b、ZB20C0ZD20TZQ255A255245235225215205410510242322212019ZB2027Q275275265255245235225490610201918171615优质(yuzh)碳素结构钢（GB69988）牌号推荐热处理试件毛坯尺寸mm机 械 性 能钢材交货状态硬度HB应 用 举 例抗拉强度b屈服强度s延伸率5收缩率冲击功（值）Ak(ak)正火淬火回火MPa%不大于未热处理退火钢不 小 于08F930252951753560131用于需塑性好的零件，如管子、垫片垫圈；心部强度

10、 要求不高的渗碳和氰化零件，如套筒、短轴、挡块，支架、靠模，离合器盘10930253352053155137用于制造拉杆、卡头、钢管垫片、垫圈、铆钉。这种钢无回火脆性，焊接性好，用来制造焊接零件。15920253752252755143用于受力不大韧性要求较高的零件，渗碳零件、紧固件、冲模锻件及不需要热处理的低负荷零件，如螺栓、螺钉、拉条、法兰盘及化工贮器、蒸汽锅炉。20910254102452555156用于不经受很大应力而要求很大韧性的机械零件，如杠杆、轴套、螺钉、起重钩等。也用于制造压力6Mpa、温度30603902501814130180602003702401212QT400-15A

11、3060390250151301806020037024012QT500-7A30604503007170240602004202905QT600-3A30606003603180270602005503401QT700-2A30607004002220320602006503801注：牌号(piho)无后面字母A，表示牌号系由单铸试块测定的机械性能。牌号后面具有字母A，表示牌号系由附铸试块测定的机械性能，这些牌号适用(shyng)于质量大于2000kg及壁厚在30200mm的球软件。灰铸铁（GB 943988）牌号铸件壁厚（mm）最小抗拉强度bMPa硬度HB应 用 举 例大 于至HT1002

12、.510130110166盖、外罩、油盘、手轮、手把、支架等1020100931402030908713130508082122HT1502.510175137205端盖、汽轮泵体、轴承座、阀壳、管子及管路附件、手轮、一般机床底座、床身其他复杂零件，滑座、工作台等。102014511917920301301101663050120141157HT2002.510220157236气缸、齿轮、底架、机体、飞轮、齿条、衬筒、一般机庆铸有导轨的庆身及中等压力（Mpa以下）油缸、液压泵和阀的南壳体等。102019514822220301701342003050160128192HT2504.01027

13、0175262阀壳、油缸、气缸、联轴器、机体、齿轮、齿轮臬处壳、飞轮、衬筒、凸轮、轴承座等102024016424620302201572363050200150225HT3001020290182272齿轮、凸轮、车床卡盘、剪床、压力机的机身、导板、六角自动车床及其他重负荷机床铸有导轨的床身、高压油缸、液压泵和滑阀的壳体等。20302501682513050230161241HT350102034019929920302901822723050260171257注：灰铸铁的硬度，系由经验关系式计算，即，当b196Mpa时，HB=RH(100+0.438b)。RH一般取o.801.20冷轧钢板

14、和钢带（GB708-88）厚 度0.2,0.25,0.3,0.4,0.45,0.55,0.6,0.65,0.70,0.75,0.80,0.90,1.001.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8, ,2.0,2.1,2.2,2.5,2.8,3.0,3.5,3.8,3.9,4.0,4.5,5.5,6.7,8.9热轧(r zh)钢板（GB709-88）厚度0.35,050,0.55,0.60,0.65,0.70,0.75,0.80,0.901.0,1.21.6(0.1进位),1.8,2.0,2.2,2.5,2.8,3.0,3.2,3.5,3.8,3.9,4.0,4.5,5,6,

15、7.8,9,1022(1进位)，25,2642(2进位)，45，48，50，52，5595（5进位）100,105,110,120,125,130160(10进位),165,170,180200(5进位)注：钢板宽度(kund)系列为600,650,700,710,7501000（50进位(jnwi)），1250,1400，1420，15003000（100进位），3200380（200进位。）热轧圆钢和方钢尺寸（GB702-86）圆 方钢 钢直 边径 长5.5 6 6.5 7 8 9 10 *11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2122 *23 24 25 26 *2

16、7 *28 *29 30 *31 32 *33 34 *35 36 38 40 42 45 48 50 53 *55 *56 *58 60 63 *65 *68 70 75 80 85 90 95 100105 110 115 120 125 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 250注：1.本标准适用于直径为5.5250mm的热轧圆钢和边长为5.5200mm的热轧方钢。2.各种直径优质钢的长度为26m;普通钢的长度当直径或边长小于25mm时为410m.3.表中带*者不推荐使用。热轧等边角钢（GB979788）角 钢号 数尺 寸截面面积cm2参考数值重心距离

17、Z0cm角钢号数尺 寸（mm）截面面积Cm2参考数值重 心距 离Z0Cmbdrxxbdrx-xJxCm4ixCmJxCm4ixCm22033.51.1320.400.590.60770485.57026.392.181.8641.4590.500.580.6456.87532.312.161.912.52531.4320.820.760.7668.16037.772.151.5641.8591.030.740.7679.42443.092.141.9933034.51.7491.460.910.85(7.5)75597.36736.972.332.0442.2761.840.900.8968.

18、76746.952.312.073.63632.1092.581.111.00710.16053.572.302.1142.7563.291.091.04811.50359.962.282.1553.3823.591.081.071014.12671.982.262.22440352.3593.591.231.13880597.19248.792.482.1543.0864.601.221.1769.39757.352.472.1953.7915.531.211.22710.86065.582.462.234.54532.6595.171.401.22812.30373.492.442.274

19、3.4866.651.381.261015.12688.432.422.3554.2928.041.371.3099061010.63782.772.792.4465.0769.331.361.33712.30194.832.782.4855035.52.9717.181.551.34813.944106.472.762.5243.8979.261.541.381017.167128.582.742.5954.80311.21.1531.421220.36149.222.712.6765.68813.051.521.461010061211.932114.953.102.675.656363.

20、34310.191.751.48713.796131.863.092.7144.39013.181.731.53815.638148.243.082.7655.41516.021.721.571019.261179.513.052.8468.36723.631.681.681222.800208.903.032.916.363474.97819.031.961.701426.256236.533.002.9956.14323.171.941.741629.627262.532.983.0667.28827.121.931.7885.51534.461.901.851011.65741.091.

21、881.93注：1. 角钢长度为：角钢号29，长度量1014，长度419m。2热轧槽钢（GB707-88）Wx, Wy截面系数标记示例：热轧槽钢（碳素结构钢Q235-A，尺寸为180709mm）型号尺寸截面面积 cm2参考数值重心距离Z0cmhbdtrr1x-xy-yWxCm3WyCm381012.614a14b8010012614014043485.558605.05.39.06.08.08.08.59.09.59.58.08.59.09.59.54.04.24.54.84.810.2412.7415.6918.5121.3125.339.762.180.587.15.797.8010.21

22、3.014.11.4.31.521.591.711.6716a1618a1820a16016018018020063656870736.58.57.09.07.010.010.010.510.511.010.010.010.510.511.05.05.05.25.25.521.9525.1525.6926.2928.8310811714115217816.317.620.021.524.21.801.751.881.842.012022a2225a25b25b2002202202502502507577797880829.07.09.07.09.011.011.011.511.512.012.

23、012.011.011.511.512.012.012.05.55.85.86.06.06.032.8331.8436.2434.9139.9144.9119121823427028229525.928.230.130.632.735.91.952.102.032.71.981.9228a28b28c32a32b32c2802802803203203208284868890927.59.511.58.010.012.012.512.512.514.014.014.012.512.512.514.014.014.06.26.26.27.07.07.040.0245.6251.2248.755.1

24、61.534036639347550954335.737.940.346.549.252.62.102.021.952.242.162.09注：槽钢(co n)长度：槽钢号8，长度512m; 槽钢(co n)号1018，长度519m；槽钢(co n)号2032，长度619m。热轧工字钢（GB706-88）Wx, Wy截面系数标记示例：热轧工字钢（碳素结构钢Q235-A，尺寸为14412.588mm）型号尺寸截面面积 cm2参考数值hbdtrr1x-xy-yWxCm3WyCm31012.614161810012614016018068748088944.55.05.56.06.57.68.49.19.910.76.57.07.58.08.53.33.53.84.04.314.3518.1221.5226.1330.16