郑州大学双学位——项目管理概念ppt课件

1、1Project Management 2345 PMI工程管理协会)是全球领先的工程管理行业的倡导者，它发明性地制定了行业规范，并正在构筑不断扩展的专业知识体系，让工程管理从业人员成为各自所在组织不断变革、创新开展的推进力量。PMI目前拥有来自全球150多个国家和地域的近22万多名会员，该协会正积极地为业界树立规范、从事科学研讨、传播专业知识、促进展业开展，并拓展职业前景。此外它还提供教育和认证效力，促进会员间的交流沟通和商机拓展。 PMI的专业人员几乎分布在每个主要行业，包括航空、汽车、商业管理、建筑、工程、金融效力、信息技术、制药、医疗和电信。 PMI的工程管理知识体系(PMBOK )和

2、工程管理专业人员PMP 资历认证自2000年由中国外国专家局引入中国以来，迄今已有超越20万人次接受了工程管理的培训，1万多人经过认证考试并获得美国工程管理专业人员证书PMP )。6拥有PMP认证的人士在两到三年后的平均薪资为64400美圆(比拥有类似阅历，但没有获得认证的同事多15.6%)拥有PMP认证的人士在五到九年后的平均薪资为94340美圆(比没有获得认证的同事多17.2%)拥有PMP认证的人士在十年后的平均薪资为102000美圆(比没有获得认证的同事多13.3%)7PMP 试题分布 考试时间：4个小时考题总量：200题计分题量：175题考题类型：4选1 单项选择及格规范：答对141题

3、80.6%考试题分布： 启动Initiation： 11%规划Plan：23%执行Execution： 27% 监控Monitor & Control： 21%收尾Close：9% 职业品德Professional Resp：9%100% 8状态班 号上 课日 期费 用考前辅导班（五天）12月班 12月16日(周六)12月17日(周日)12月22日(周五)12月23日(周六)12月24日(周日) ￥ 元含教材资料模 考 班（三天）与考前辅导班同步学习￥ 元单报备注：首次参加培训的学员，要求同时参加模考班。备注：模考班适合已经参加过项目管理培训，并获得了35学时PDU学分的学员；或者首次考试未通

4、过准备重考的学员！备注：学习结束，颁发美国项目管理协会PMI授权的35小时PDU培训证书。9Part 1 The Life of a Project工程生命周期10Chapter 1 Project Management ConceptsProvides an overview of project management concepts, the project life cycle, and the steps in the project management process. the definition of a project and its attributes the key

5、constraints within which a project must be managed how a project is “born the life of a project the steps involved in the project management process the benefits of project management工程管理概念111.1 Attributes of a projectA project is an endeavor to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set o

6、f interrelated tasks and the effective utilization of resources. What is a Project? 工程 project 就是以一套独特而相互联络的义务为前提，有效地利用资源，为实现一个特定的目的所做的努力。12事目的人的各种努力13 A project has a well-defined objective _an expected result or product.The objective of a project is usually defined in terms of scope, schedule, and

7、 cost. 工程有一个明确界定的目的 objective ) ： 一个期望的结果或产品。14 A project is carried out through a series of interdependent tasks.that is, a number of nonrepetitive tasks that need to be accomplished in a certain sequence in order to achieve the project objective.工程的执行要经过完成一系列相互关联的义务。许多不反复的义务以一定的顺序完成15 A project ut

8、ilizes various resources to carry out the tasks. Such resources can include different people, organizations, equipment, materials, and facilities. 工程需运用各种资源来执行义务。资源能够包括不同的人力、组织、设备、原资料和工具。16 A project has a specific time frame, or finite life span. It has a start time and a date by which the objectiv

9、e must be accomplished. 工程有详细的时间方案或寿命期限。一个开场时间和到期日17Some projects-like designing and building a space stationare unique because they have never before been attempted. Other projects, such as developing a new product, building a house, or planning a wedding, are unique because of the customization re

10、quired. A project may be a unique or one-time endeavor.工程能够是独一无二的、一次性的努力。18The customer is the entity that provides the funds necessary to accomplish the projectit can be a person, an organization, or a group of two or more people or organizations. The person managing the project and the project tea

11、m must successfully accomplish the project objective to satisfy the customer(s). A project has a customer.每个工程都有客户。客户是为达成目的而提供必要资金的实体，它能够是某个人或组织，或是由两个以上的人或组织构成的一个团队。19Before a project is started, a plan is prepared based on certain assumptions and estimates. A project is based on a unique set of tas

12、ks and estimates of how long each task should take, various resources and assumptions about the availability and capability of those resources, and estimates of the costs associated with the resources. Finally, a project involves a degree of uncertainty.工程包含一定的不确定性。工程是基于每项义务将要耗用的时间估计、各种资源可得性的假定，以及与其

13、相关的本钱假定。这种假定和估计结合在一同就产生了一定程度的不确定性。20The following are some examples of projects:Staging a theatrical productionDeveloping and introducing a new productPlanning a weddingDesigning and implementing a computer systemModernizing a factoryHolding a high school reunionBuilding a shopping mallPerforming a

14、series of surgeries on an accident victim Putting on a centennial celebrationHosting a dinner for twenty relativesDesigning a business internship program for high school studentsBuilding a tree house21projecta well-defined objectivea series of interdependent tasksutilizing various resourcesa specifi

15、c time framea unique or one-time endeavora customera degree of uncertainty22The successful accomplishment of the project objective is usually constrained by four factors: scope, cost, schedule, and customer satisfaction. 工程目的的胜利实现通常受四个要素制约：任务范围、本钱、进度方案和客户称心度。23The scope of a projectalso known as the

16、 project scope or the work scopeis all the work that must be done in order to satisfy the customer that the deliverables (the tangible product or items to be provided) meet the requirements or acceptance criteria agreed upon at the onset of the project.工程范围 project scope ，也称任务范围work scope ，即为使客户称心而必

17、需做的一切任务。要使客户称心。交付物 deliverables ，有形产品或所提供的东西就要满足工程开场时所指定的接受规范与要求。24The cost of a project is the amount the customer has agreed to pay for acceptable project deliverables. The project cost is based on a budget that includes an estimate of the costs associated with the various resources that will be u

18、sed to accomplish the project. 工程本钱 cost 就是客户赞同为一个可接受的工程交付物所支付的费用。工程本钱以预算为根底。预算是与完成工程所需的各种资源有关的本钱估计，它能够包括将用于支付工程的雇员的薪水、原资料供应、设备和工具租金，以及担任执行某些工程义务的分包商和咨询商的费用。25The schedule for a project is the timetable that specifies when each activity should start and finish. The project objective usually states t

19、he time by which the project scope must be completed in terms of a specific date agreed upon by the customer and the individual or organization performing the work. 工程进度方案 schedule 是每项活动该当在什么时候开场和终了的详细时间表。通常根据客户与执行任务的个人或组织商定的详细日期来规定工程范围必需完成的时间。26任何工程目的都要在一定时间和在预算内完成任务范围，并使客户称心。The objective of any p

20、roject is to complete the scope within budget by a certain time to the customers satisfaction. It is important to develop a plan before the start of the project; this plan should include all the work tasks, associated costs, and estimates of the time necessary to complete them. 为使客户称心，良好的方案和沟通对于防止问题

21、产生及处理，都是绝对必要的。27Factors Constraining Project SuccessProjectSuccessscopecostschedulecustomer satisfaction281.2 Project life cycleProjects are “born when a need is identified by the customerthe people or the organization willing to provide funds to have the need satisfied. 当客户识别出需求时，工程就诞生了。29This firs

22、t phase the identification of a need, problem, or opportunity and can result in the customers requesting proposals from individuals, a project team, or organizations (contractors) to address the identified need or solve the problem. The need and requirements are usually written up by the customer in

23、 a document called a request for proposal (RFP). 对需求、问题或是时机确实认，并促使客户向承约商咨询工程建议书。需求建议书客户可以要求承约商提交其如何在本钱约束和进度方案下处理问题的建议书。30The second phase the development of a proposed solution to the need or problem. This phase results in the submission of a proposal to the customer by one or more individuals or or

24、ganizations (contractors) who would like to have the customer pay them to subsequently implement the proposed solution. After the customer evaluates the submissions and selects the winning proposal, the customer and the winning contractor negotiate and sign a contract (agreement). 提出处理需求或问题的方案。承约商向客

25、户提交建议书 proposal ) ，并希望客户为胜利执行处理方案而付酬劳。客户评价了恳求书并选出一个优胜方案后，与中标的承约商将协商签署一份合同。31The third phase of the project life cycle is the implementation of the proposed solution. This phase, referred to as performing the project, involves doing the detailed planning for the project and then implementing that pla

26、n to accomplish the project objective. During the course of performing the project, different types of resources will be utilized. 执行处理方案。包括为工程制定详细的方案，然后执行方案以实现工程目的。在执行工程期间，将会用到不同类型的资源。32The final phase of the project life cycle is terminating the project. When a project is completed, certain close-

27、out activities need to be performed, such as confirming that all deliverables have been provided to and accepted by the customer, that all payments have been collected. An important task during this phase is evaluating performance of the project in order to learn what could be improved if a similar

28、project were to be carried out in the future. 终止工程。当工程终了时，某些扫尾任务仍需完成。33The four phases of the project life cycle and the relative amount of effort and time devoted to each phase.34First phase AIdentifying the need or problemSecond phase BThird phase CFourth phase DDeveloping the proposed solutionImp

29、lementing the proposed solutionTerminating the project35In other situations, a customer may go through the first two phases of the project life cycle in a less structured, more informal manner.In general, the project life cycle is followed in a more formal and structured manner when a project is con

30、ducted in a business setting.当工程在商业环境中执行时，工程生命周期会以更正式、更构造化的方式展开。当工程由私人或志愿者执行时，工程生命周期那么趋向于较非正式的方式。361.3 The project management processThe project management process means planning the work and then working the plan. A coaching staff may spend hours preparing工程管理过程就是制定方案，然后按方案任务。37Project management i

31、nvolves a process of first establishing a plan and then implementing that plan to accomplish the project objective.The front-end effort in managing a project must be focused on establishing a baseline plan that provides a roadmap for how the project scope will be accomplished on time and within budg

32、et. 集中精神建立一个基准方案，为在预算之内按时完成工程范围提供一份道路图。38Planningwhat needs to be done,who will do it,how long it will take,how much it will cost,a baseline planThis planning effort includes the following steps:391. Clearly define the project objective.The definition must be agreed upon by the customer and the indi

33、vidual or organization who will perform the project.明晰地定义工程目的，并达成一致。402. Divide and subdivide the project scope into major “pieces, or work packages. A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a hierarchical tree of work elements or items accomplished or produced by the project team during the project. 把工程

34、任务范围一步步细分为大的“部分或任务包 work packages 。任务分解构培育是实现目的的任务单元或工程等级树。任务分解构造通常针对每一个任务包确认组织或个人的责任。413. Define the specific activities that need to be performed for each work package. 必需界定对应每一个任务包必需执行的详细活动。42任务分解构造434. Graphically portray the activities in the form of a network diagram. This diagram shows the ne

35、cessary sequence and interdependencies of activities to achieve the project objective. 以网络图描画活动，阐明各种活动之间的必要次序和相互依赖性。44455. Make a time estimate for how long it will take to complete each activity. It is also necessary to determine which types of resources and how many of each resource are needed for

36、 each activity to be completed within the estimated duration.估计完成每一项活动需花多长时间。确定一下每项活动需求用到哪些资源及其用量，才干在预定工期内完成该活动。466. Make a cost estimate for each activity. The cost is based on the types and quantities of resources required for each activity.为每项活动做本钱估算。本钱依每项活动所需的资源类型及数量而定。477. Calculate a project s

37、chedule and budget.计算工程进度方案及预算，以确定工程能否在预定时间内，在既定的资金与可利用资源的条件下完成。To determine whether the project can be completed within the required time, with the allotted funds, and with the available resources. If not, adjustments must be made .484950投入一定的时间来做一个思索周全的方案，这对任何工程的胜利完成都是至关重要的。Taking the time to deve

38、lop a well-thought-out plan is critical to the successful accomplishment of any project. 51Once a baseline plan has been established, it must be implemented.This involves performing the work according to the plan and controlling the work so that the project scope is achieved within the budget and sc

39、hedule, to the customers satisfaction.一旦建立了基准方案就必需执行。这包括按方案执行任务和控制任务，以使工程任务能在预算之内、按进度、使顾客称心地予以完成。52project startsImplementing Monitoringproject completedplanned progressactual progressactivitiesactivitiesactivitiescorrective actionbehind schedule,overrunning the budget,meeting the technical specific

40、ations,evaluate several alternative actionsobjective.activitiesactivitiesactivitiesbaseline plan531.4 The benefit of implementing project management techniquesa satisfied customera great feeling of satisfactionadditional business from the same customerreputation as a project managerexpanded career opportunitiesexpanded your knowledge and enhanced your skillsWhen projects are successful, everybody wins!54工程的胜利缜密的方案良好的沟通明确的目的客户的参与协作有效的监控及时又正确的纠正措施55Critical Success Fac