真题阅读中常见短语

1、十年考研真题阅读中常见的短语词语解释abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。be absent from .缺席，不在absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉absorb (=take up the attention of)吸引的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on(be) abundant in(be

2、 rich in; be well supplied with)富于,富有access (to)(不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外 Without accident(=safely) 安全地,of ones own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地in accord with与一致out of ones accord with同不一致with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地in acc

3、ordance with(=in agreement with)依照,根据on ones own account为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益;(=at ones own risk) 自行负责 ;(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of account 有重要性take . into account(=consider)把考虑进去give sb an account of说明, 解释 (理由)account for(=give an explanation or reason f

4、or)解释, 说明on account of(=because of)由于,因为on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)accuse . of .(=chargewith; blame sb for sth ; blame sth on sb ; complain about)指控,控告be accustomed to(=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解; (=to have met soc

5、ially) 熟悉act on奉行,按照行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己适应于adapt . (for)(=make sth Suitable for a new need)改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)in addition(=besides)此外, 又, 加之in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除外adhere to(=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, per

6、sist in, observe, opinion, belief )粘附; 坚持, 遵循adjacent(=next to, close to)毗邻的, 临近的adjust (to)(=change slightly)调节; 适应;admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) .的可能，留有的余地in advance (before in time)预告, 事先to advantage有利的,使优点更加突出地have an advantage over胜过have the advantage of由于处于有利条件have the advantage of

7、 sb知道某人所不知道的事take advantage of(=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用agree with赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意in agreement (with)同意, 一致ahead of在之前, 超过; ahead of time 提前in the air不肯定, 不具体 ;在谣传中above all(=especially, most important of all)尤其是, 最重要的in all(=counting everyone or everything

8、, altogether)总共, 总计after all毕竟,到底;(not) at all一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all只此一次;above all最重要的;first of all首先;all in all大体上说;be all in累极了;all but几乎allow for(=take into consideration, take into account)考虑到, 估计到amount to(=to be equal to)总计, 等于answer for (undertake responsibility for, b

9、e liable for, take charge for)对负责answer to(=conform to)适合,符合be anxious about为焦急不安; 或anxious forapologize to sb for sth为向道歉appeal to sb for sth为某事向某人呼吁 appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力apply to sb for sth为向申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用apply to与有关;适用approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider

10、 good, right)赞成, approve vt 批准arise from(=be caused by)由引起arrange for sb/sth to do sth安排做arrive on到达;arrive at到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrive in到达某地(大地方);be ashamed of(=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth done)以为羞耻assure sb of sth(=try to cause to believe or trust in sth)向保证, 使确信attach (to)(=to fix, f

11、asten; join)缚, 系 ,结make an attempt at doing sth (to do sth)试图做attend to (=give ones attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on (upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after)侍候,照料attitude to/ toward .对的态度看法attribute . to .(=to believe sth to be the result of)把归因于, 认为是的结果on the average(=on average, on an aver

12、age)平均(be) aware of(=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道at the back of(=behind)在后面in the back of在后部(里面);on the back of在后部(外面);be on ones back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起at ones back(=supporting or favoring sb) 支持,维护;have sb at ones back有支持, 有作后台turn ones back on sb(=turn away from sb

13、in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃behind ones back背着某人(说坏话)be based on / upon基于on the basis of根据, 在基础上beat . at在运动项目上打赢begin with以开始 to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)on behalf of(=as the representative of)以名义believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth/sb to be true)相信,依赖,信仰benefit (f

14、rom)受益,得到好处for the benefit of为了的利益(好处)for the better好转get the better of(=defeat sb)打败, 胜过by birth在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth在出生时; give birth to 出生blame sb for sth因责备某人blame sth on sb把推在某人身上in blossom开花(指树木)be in blossom开花(强调状态)come into blossom开花(强调动作)on board到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机boast of (or about)吹嘘out of bre

15、ath喘不过气来in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之in bulk成批地,不散装的take the floor起立发言on business出差办事be busy with sth于某事 。 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事last but one倒数第二but for(=without)要不是 表示假设buy sth for . money用多少钱买be capable of能够, 有能力be capable of being+过去分词:是能够被的in any case(=for love or money, at any rate

16、, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何in case(=for fear that)万一;in case of(=in the event of)如果发生万一in the case of至于, 就而言in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)be cautious of谨防center ones attention on (=focus ones attention on)把某人的注意力集中在上be certain of(=be sure of)有把握, 一定for certain of(=for sure

17、 )肯定地,有把握地by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然for a change换换环境(花样等)charge sb with .控告某人犯有in charge of(=responsible for)负责(某事) in the charge of 由管take charge of(=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)charge . for因索取(费用) , charge sb with sth 控告某人犯有round the clock(=all day and all night, usually w

18、ithout stopping)昼夜不停地comment on评论commit oneself to使自己承担commit sb to prison把某人送进监狱;commit ones idea to writing把某人的想法写下来;commit a matter to a committee把某事交给委员会讨论in common(和)有共同之处,共用 be common to sb 是与某人所共有的keep company with(=be friendly and go out together)和要好compare . with .把与比较compare . to .把比作by co

19、mparison比较起来in comparison with(=in contrast to)和比起来compensate for(=give sth to make up for)补偿, 赔偿,弥补compensate sb for sth赔偿,弥补complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb about sth (or sb)向某人抱怨;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);compliment(恭维)comply with(=act in accordance with a dem

20、and, order, rule etc)遵守, 依从conceive of (think of, imagine, consider)想象,设想concentrate on (or upon)集中,专心be concerned with(=about)与有关concern oneself about / with关心in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点;at the conclusion of当结束时;condemn sb to判决on condition that(=if)以为条件, 假如in that = because因为;now that = s

21、ince既然；for all that = although 尽管in / out of condition(=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit)健康状况好/不好in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态confess (to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth wrong)承认, 供认;confess to a crime承认罪行confide in(=to talk freely to sb about ones secret)对讲真心话, 依赖in confidence推心置腹地;with confid

22、ence满怀信心地;have confidence in对有信心confidence in sb / sth对的信赖be confident of有信心; confidential 机密的confine . to .把限制在某范围内confirm sb in使某人更坚定(信念等)conform to(=be in agreement with, comply with)符合,遵照,遵守;obey服从; observe; comply with照办; keep to遵循; abide by服从;stick to按做be confronted with(=be brought face to fa

23、ce with)面对, 面临congratulate sb on祝贺in connection with(=with regard to)关于,be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意in consequence(=as a result)结果in consequence of(=as a consequence of)由于的结果under consideration在考虑中in consideration of(=in return for, on account of, bec

24、ause of )由于on no consideration (in no case)无论如何也不take . into consideration(=take account of, takeinto account)考虑到, 把考虑进去considerate(=thoughtful of the needs)体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的consist of(=be composed of)由组成的 consist in主要在于 consist with符合,与一致be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与

25、一致 be consistent in一贯的,consult sb on/ about sth向征求方面的意见, 就向请教to ones hearts content尽情地,痛痛快快be content with(=be satisfied with)满足于be content to do sth 愿意做某事contrary to(=in opposition to)与相反on the contrary相反contrast . with把与相对(对照)in contrast to/with和形成对比；by contrast 对比之下contribute to有助于under control(被

26、)控制住 out of control无法控制at ones convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点be convenient to / for对方便convince sb of(=cause sb to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb)使某人确信,try to persuade sb to do sth劝说某人做cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理in the corner (of)在角落里;on(at) th

27、e comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯;be in a tight corner陷入困境correspond (with)( =exchange letters regularly)通信correspond to相当于 correspond with 符合,一致at all costs不惜任何代价 at the cost of 以为代价a matter of course理所当然的事as a matter of course当然地, 自然地in (during) the course在过程中in due course(=without too

28、much delay)没经过太久, 到一定时候on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩;to ones credit使某人感到光荣;do sb credit使感到光荣be critical of爱挑毛病的，批评的cure sb of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病a danger to对的危险;be in danger (of)处于危险中;be out of danger脱离危险to date(=so far, until now)到目前为止out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的;date back to可追溯到;date from从某时期开始(有)dea

29、l with(=concern)论及be in debt to sb欠的债on the decline在衰退中, 在减少中in decline下降;on the increase在增加to ones delight令某人感到高兴；to ones regret遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth)喜欢, 取乐take (a) delight in喜欢干, 以为乐demand sth of sb向

30、某人要求(非物质的)东西demand sth from sb向某人要求(物质的)东西in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时be dependent on依靠deprive sb of sth剥夺某人某物derive . from(=obtainfrom)从取得,由来的derive from(=come from)起源于despair of(=lose all hope of)绝望in despair绝望despite(=in spite of)不管, 尽管in detail详细地deviate from偏离, 不按办on a diet吃某种特殊饮食, 节食differ from

31、 . in与的区别在于in difficulties .有困难,处境困难,discharge sb (from) . for(=dismiss sb from a job for)因解雇, 开除fall back(=retreat, turn back)撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪on display(=being shown publicly)陈列dispose of(=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议in dispute在争议中in the distance在远处 make out 辩认出(be) d

32、istinct from( = be different from)与截然不同distinguish between(=make or recognize differences)辨别distinguish . from把与区别开do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate)除去,废除,取消;do away with(=kill)杀掉, 镇压have . to do with与有关系without doubt(=undoubtedly)无可置疑地in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对表示疑惑

33、be due to是由于come off duty下班go on duty上班be on duty值班, 值日, 在上班时be in duty bound to (do)(=be required by ones job or esp by conscience)有义务(做)be eager for想得到, 盼望by ear(=play music from memory without having seen it printed)凭记忆,不看乐谱have an ear for(=have keen recognition of sounds esp in music and languag

34、e)对有鉴赏力a word in ones ear私房话, 秘密话on earth究竟, 到底, 全然with ease( = easily)容易, 不费力at (ones) ease( = without worry or nervousness)自在,不拘束put sb at his / her ease(=free sb from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束economize on(=save sth instead of being wasteful)节省have an effect on对有影响be in effect(=be in operation

35、)有效go into effect生效 ( 近: come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect)in effect(=in fact, really)实际上give effect to(=carry out)实行,使生效to no effect不起作用,没有取得任何效果(be) of no effect(=useless)无效to the effect that大意是,主要内容是to that effect是那个意思的emerge from( =appear, become known )出现, 暴露(问题 意见等)place (o

36、r put, lay) an emphasis on强调, 把重点放在上encourage sb in鼓励; encourage sb in his/her work 鼓励某人工作;encourage sb in his/her idleness怂恿某人游手好闲encourage sb in . with sth用鼓励某人做某事on end(=continuously)连续地(be) at an end(=finished)结束了no end of(=very many/much)很多,大量in the end(=finally, eventually)最终at ones wits end(=

37、not knowing what to do or to say)无法可想, 智穷计尽end up with以而结束come to and end(=finish)结束end in以为结束engage in或 be engaged in 忙于,从事enter for(=put the name on a list for)报名参加enter into(=begin)开始(谈话, 谈判等)enter on / upon(=begin)开始 (一个时代 一种生涯 一段任期等)be entitled to(=be given the right to do sth)有权,有资格be equal to

38、等于be/ feel equal to(=have enough strength, ability etc)(某人)能胜任,能应付on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地be equipped with装备有,装有(be) equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning)相等于, 相当于in essence(=in its/ones nature)本质上at all events(=in spite of everything, in any case)不论怎样, 无论如何in any event(=wha

39、tever happens in the future)无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样in the event that(=if)假如, 如果 in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but连用)in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生时except除以外; besides 除以外还有except(=but)除了。except for(=apart from)除以外(an) exception to的例外with the exception of(=except, apart from)除去, 除以外in excess of(=more than)超过e

40、xchange . for以交换exclusive of(=not taking into account; without)不包括in excuse of作为的借口exert . on .对施加exert oneself to do sth努力,使劲come into existence(=begin to exist)开始存在;come into use开始使用;come into effect开始运转;come into fashion开始时新;come into action开始行动;come into power开始执政;come into sight进入视野;come into b

41、lossom开花;(be) in existence存在come into existence出现expect . of在期望at the expense of在损害情况下,以为牺牲expose . to .使暴露于, 使受(危险,风险)be exposed to .面临, 受到beyond expression(=in a manner that cannot be expressed)无法形容, 说不出的give expression to表达, 表现 find expression in 表现to . extent在程度上in the extreme (= extremely)极其loo

42、k sb in the eye正视, 打量(某人)close (shut) ones eyes to不理会,视而不见in ones minds eye在心目中, 在想象中in the twinkling of an eye一眨眼,转眼间keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视in the eyes of in ones eyes( = in the judgment of )在某人看来, 在某人眼里on the face of it(=judging by what one can see)表面看来in the face of面对着(困难等情况)in ones

43、 face当着某人的面;face to faced面对面;face up to大胆面向fail in(=be unsuccessful in)失败in good faith(=honestly, sincerely)真诚地keep faith with对守信用lose faith in对失去信心on faith毫无怀疑地, 依赖地faithful to(=loyal to)对忠诚fall into the habit (of)养成习惯fall short of(=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc)没达到, 低于familiar with

44、熟悉,了解have a fancy for( =like sth without the help of reason)(没有道理地)喜欢, 想要take a fancy to(=become fond of)喜欢by far远, 非常 (与比较级或最高级连用)far from远远不是far from非但不(而且)in fashion(=stylish, most modern)时兴,流行after the fashion (of)依照find fault with(=complain about; criticize)找毛病，对吹毛求疵at fault(=in the wrong, blam

45、able)有错in favour of赞成be in favour with受宠, 受偏爱;out of favour with失宠, 不受宠in ones favour(=to ones advantage)对有利(be) favourable to(=advantageous)有利的fear for(=be afraid for the safety of sb or sth)为担心for fear of(=in case of; because of anxiety about)以防, 由于怕in fear of(=afraid for the safety of)担心feed (sb)

46、 on sth靠吃, 用喂养be fed up with(=be unhappy, tired about sth dull)厌烦, 腻了feel like(=have a desire for)想要fill in填写fill out (=fill in)填写set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth remarkable)有突出成就play with fire(=take great risks)干冒险事set sth on fire(=set fire to sth)使着火,放火at first sight(=when firs

47、t seen)乍一看,一见for the first time第一次 (作状语)in the first place首先, 第一fit into刚好放入fit in with( = suit , fall into agreement)合适, 相配, 一致(be) fit for(=right and suitable for)适合focus on(=concentrate on)集中在上；focus sth on 把集中在上be fond of喜欢(be) in force有效 , 实施go into force开始生效by force靠武力, 强行force . on把强加给in the

48、form of以形式be fortunate in幸运,有好运气free of charge免费be freed from免受, 没有in front of在前面 in the front of 在前部furnish . with(=supply)向提供in general(=in most cases, usually)通常catch (or get) a glimpse of瞥见(强调结果)take a glance (or look) at看一眼(强调动作)be good for对有好处;对有作用；be good at 擅长于; be good to 对好in good time(=ea

49、rly)早早地(做完到达等)for good(=for ever)永远地, 长期地take . for granted(=assume to be true)把认为理所当然的be grateful to sb for sth因感谢某人on the ground (s) fo(=because of)由于fall to the ground(计划希望等)失败,落空on ones guard (against)谨防, 警惕；(be) on guard 站岗guard against(=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止 guardagainst 警卫防止guess at猜, 估计by

50、guess靠猜be guilty of犯有罪或过失be in the habit of习惯于break off (a habit)改掉(某种习惯)break sb of (a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯)get (fall) into the habit of养成了的习惯come to a halt(=stop)停止; 停住at hand在手边, 眼前(附近)by hand用手工(做)hand in glove (with)狼狈为*, 密切合作in hand在手边;(=under control)控制住in the hands of由掌握, 控制, 负责live from hand to

51、mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃at the head of在的前头head for(=move towards)向方向前进hear of(=know about)听人说起, 听说过at heart(=in reality)内心里, 实际上in ones heart (of hearts)内心深处,事实上by heart(=by memory)熟记, 背(诵)to ones hearts content尽情地with all ones heart全心全意地,真心实意hinder . form(=stopfrom)阻碍,使不能做be (go) on holiday在(去)度假；go on holid

52、ay = go for a holidaybe (feel) at home(=to be comfortable; not feel worried)感觉合适，无拘束，熟悉be honest in诚实in ones honour (or in honour of)祝贺,纪念on ones honour以某人的名誉担保hope for希望(某事发生),希望有to ones horror令某人感到恐惧的是in a hurry(=hastily)匆忙地be identical with(=exactly alike)和完全相同be identified with被视为与等同in ignorance of不知道be ignorant of( = lacking knowledge)对不了解,不知道(an) impact (on)对的强烈影响impose . on把强加给impress . on给留下印象make (leave) an impression on sb=give sb an impression给留下印象under the impression that有的印象,认为improve sth (make sth better)把原物改进；improve on(=produce