_般将来时态和现在完成时态_新目标（PPT57页)

1、语法课堂1主要内容下一页 一般将来时 现在完成时上一页上一页一般将来时 一般将来时 一 、一般将来时的构成: shall (第一人称) + 动词原形 will（第二、三人称）注意：美语中不管什么人称一律用will, 在口语中所 有人称都可以用will，但在第一人称的疑问句 中经常用shall. eg: What shall we do then ? What time shall we leave?主菜单上一页下一页4 一般将来时 一般将来时的肯定、否定和疑问式：主菜单上一页下一页人称肯定式否定式疑问式第一人称I will work.I will not work.Shall I work?第

2、二人称You will work.You will not work.Will you work?第三人称He will work.He will not work.Will he work?5 二、一般将来时的基本用法： 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语注连用。eg: Next month my sister will be twenty. Ill send you the book as soon as possible, I promise you. 主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 A6 表示将来的时间状语 常用的表示将来的时间状语有： tomorrow,

3、 tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening, next week, next month, next year, in two days, soon, the day after tomorrow等等。主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 7 表示将来经常发生或反复发生 的动作。eg: Ill come and see you every Sunday next year. We shall come and work in this factory every year.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 B8 问对方是否愿意或表示客

4、气的 邀请.eg: Will you please sign your name here? Ill be glad to help you.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 C9 用于带有条件状语从句的主句 中表示将来时间.eg: If you work hard, youll succeed. If you go on foot, you will not be able to get there on time.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 D10 三、一般将来时的其他表示方法 (一)、be going to +动词原形:表示将来 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you

5、 going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 11（二）、be +不定式： 表示安排、命令或预定要做的事情。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. We are to be back nine oclock. You are to finish the work b

6、uy supper time.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 12(三)、be about to do：表示“即将做某 事”或“将要做某事” eg: He is about to leave for Beijing. I was about to start out when it began to snow.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时 13上一页现在完成时下一页主菜单14现在完成时主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系ha

7、ve been 与have gone 比较与一般过去时的用法比较15 现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页助动词have (has）+ 过去分词16过去分词的构成上一页下一页ABBAAA ABC主菜单17现在完成时的主要用法一.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在已经结束。上一页下一页Someone has just turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了。) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了家庭作业。)主菜单18二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或 事情可能仍

8、在继续。上一页下一页 I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last.我想看看从上 次见到那地方以来它发生了多大变化。I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。现在完成时的主要用法主菜单19三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去过颐和园吗?) I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法主菜单20四

9、.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。上一页下一页This is the first time he has driven a car .这是他第一次开车。现在完成时的主要用法主菜单21五.现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。上一页下一页What a boring film！一部多么令人厌烦的电影啊！Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。现在完成时的主要用法主菜单22现在完成时的时间状语常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, neve

10、r, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.还可以和包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语连用，如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等.上一页下一页主菜单23一、since短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked her

11、e since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）上一页下一页主菜单24二、for短语表示动作延续多长时 间，for的宾语为时间段。 We have known each other for twenty years. （我们认识有二十年了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。）上一页下一页主菜单25三、just, lately, recently是

12、完成时的时间状语，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。The train has just arrived. （火车刚到。）Did you see Joan just now? （你刚才看到琼了吗？）Have you heard from your family lately/recently? （你最近收到家人的来信了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单26四、in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。Great changes have taken

13、 place in my hometown in the past few years.（过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）Where did you work in the past? （你过去在哪里工作？）上一页下一页主菜单27五、even since then与from then on (after that)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。Shes lived here ever since then. （打那以后，她一直住在这。）I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. （打那以后，我

14、就没有吉姆的消息。）上一页下一页主菜单28 六、before泛指“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中；ago表示“现在的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间状语。Ive never been to Japan before. （我以前没去过日本。）She went to Japan a year ago. （她一年前去了日本。）上一页下一页主菜单29七、ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。“Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.”（“

15、你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看过。”）Nobody in our class has ever been there. （我们班没有人去过那。）上一页下一页主菜单30八、already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。“Has the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already left.” (“No. It hasnt left yet.) “汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” “不，还没有开走。 ”上一页下一页主菜单31九、so far(到目前为止)， these

16、 days(这些天) 也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。 So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.（到目前为止， 还没有人到月球以外旅行。） What have you done these days? （这些天来，你做了什么事？）上一页下一页主菜单32十、now, today, this morning, this year等有时可以用现在完成时中， 以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。 I have learned how to swim now. （我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。） Have you seen Han Meimei thi

17、s morning? （你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单33短暂性动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来 代替短暂性动词。主菜单34 become be, beginhave , borrow keep, buy have

18、, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in，diebe dead, fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill), finish be over, get to knowknow, joinbe in （be a member of ）, leavebe away(from), marrybe married等；下一页上一页主菜单35也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时+ ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状 态。 上一页下一页主菜单36他入党五年了。He has be

19、en in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago .电影开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.下一页上一页主菜单37 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段

20、连用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单38 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has b

21、een dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单39 3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometo

22、wn for 10 years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单40have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to a place 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。上一页下一页主菜单41 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year

23、.我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单42与一般过去时的用法比较一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只表示发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。 上一页下一页主菜单43eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典

24、。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。主菜单44二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时: 上一页下一页eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg： They ha

25、ve known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child,he has lived in England.主菜单45三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(昨天),the other day (前两天),just now(刚才)，时间+ ago, last +时间 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜单46四常与现在完成时连用的表示到现在为止这段时间的词短语或从句: 上一页下一页so f

26、ar (到现在为止)，hither to (到如今) up to (till,until)now直到现在，lately（最近）yet ,since+过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句。eg：The weather has been hot so far this summer . I havent seen her yet .主菜单47可与现在完成时连用，也可与一般过去时连用的时间状语： for +时间 ，this +时间,表示不确定时间：ever,never,before, just,recently,already上一页下一页主菜单48上一页下一页eg: 1.I have learnt Engl

27、ish for three years. 2.I learnt English for three years.3.I have written two letters this morning .4.I wrote two letters this morning .主菜单49上一页现在完成时练习主菜单50动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. Wh

28、en _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单514. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(deve

29、lop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单52选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has b

30、een on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单53用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home

31、now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单54改 错

32、1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单55Thank you !Good bye!56诡秘之主

33、在若羌县境东北部，曾是中国第二大咸水湖，海拔780米， 面积约2400-3000平方公里，因地处塔里木盆地东部的古“丝绸之路”要道而著称于世，古诡秘之主诞生于第三纪末、第四纪初，距今已有200万年，面积约2万平方公里以上，在新构造运动影响下，湖盆地自南向北倾斜抬升，分割成几块洼地。； 诡秘之主 kgh20neg 现在诡秘之主是位于北面最低、最大的一个洼地，曾经是塔里木盆地的积水中心，古代发源于天山、昆仑山和阿尔金山的流域，源源注入罗布洼地形成湖泊。诡秘之主曾有过许多名称，有的因它的特点而命名，如坳泽、盐泽、涸海等，有的因它的位置而得名，如蒲昌海、牢兰海、孔雀海等。元代以后，称罗布淖尔。汉代，诡秘之主“广袤三百里，其水亭居，冬夏不增减”，它的丰盈，使人猜测它“潜行地下，南也积石为中国河也”。这种误认诡秘之主为黄河上源的观点，由先秦至清末，流传了2000多年。到公元四世纪，曾经是“水大波深必汛”的诡秘之主西之楼兰，到了要用法令限制用水的拮据境地。清代末叶，诡秘之主水涨时，仅有“东西长八九十里，南北宽二三里或一二里不等”，成了区区一小湖。1921年，塔里木河改道东