阅读4-6对外经济贸易2011翻译英语

1、对欢迎使用0对 题科目：211科目名称：翻译英语PartReading Comprehen(30)Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A，B，C orDMark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Many United Ses companies have，unfortunay，made the search for legalprotection from import competitiono a major line of workSince 1980

2、the UnitedSesernational Trade Commis(ITC)has received about 280 complas allegingdamage from importst benefit from subsidies by foreignernmentsAnother 340charget foreign companies“dumped”their productshe United Sesesst ann fair value”Even when no unfair practiare alleged，the simple claimindustry has

3、been injured by imports ifficient grounds to seek refContrary to teral impres，this quest for import ref has hurt morecompaniesn is helpedAs corporations bego function globally，they developanricate web of marketing，production，and research relationshipsThecomplexity of these relationships makes it unl

4、ikelyt a system of import ref lawswill meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent companySupea United Sesowned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture aproduct while its competitor makes the same producthe United SesIf thecompetitor can prove injury from the imports

5、-andt the United Ses companyreceived a subsidy from a foreignernment to build its plant abroad-the UnitedSes companys products will bepetitivehe United Ses，since they wouldbe subject to dutiesPerhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegationstCanadian companies were injuring

6、 the United Ses salt industry by dumrocksalt，used to de-ice roadsThe bizarre aspect of the complawast a foreignconglomerate witited Ses operations was crying for help against a United Sescompany with foreign operationsThe“United Ses”company claiming injury was asubsidiary of a Dh conglomeratewhile t

7、he“Canadian”companies included asubsidiary of a Chicago firmsaltt was the second-largest domestic producer of rock1The passage is chiefly concerned with 1Aarguing against the increasedernationalization of United Ses corporationsB. warningconsequent the application of laws affecting trade frequently

8、has unendedC. demonstratingt foreignbased firms receive more subsidies from theirernmentsn U- nited Ses firms receive from the United Sesernment.Dadvocating the use of trade restrictions for“dumpedproducts but not forother imports2It can be inferred from the passaget the minimal basis for a complato

9、 theernational Trade Commisis which of the following?AA foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreignernmentBA foreign competitor habstantially increased the volume of productsshipped to the United SesCA foreign competitor selling productsmarket valuehe United Sesessn fairDThe company req

10、uesting import ref has been injured by the sale of imports inthe United Ses3The last paragraerforms which of the following functionshe passage?AIt summarizes the discusresearchthus far and suggests additional areas ofBIt presents amendation based on the evidence presented earrCIt cites a specific ca

11、seprevious paragrapht illustrates a problem presented more generallyheDItroduan additional area of concern not mentioned earr4The passage warns of which of the following dangers?ACompanieshe United Ses may receive no protection from imports unlessthey actively seek protection from import competition

12、BCompaniest seek legal protection from import competition may incur legalcostst far exceed anysible gain2CCompaniest are United Ses owned but operateernationally may not beeligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in whichtheir plants operateDCompaniest are not

13、United Ses owned may seek legal protection fromimport competition under United Ses import ref laws5According to the passage，thewhich of the following?ernational Trade Commisis involved inAInvestigating allegations of unfair import competitionBGranting subsidies to companiesby import competitionhe Un

14、itedSesve been injuredCmending legislation to ensure fair badeDIdentifyingesernational corporationst wish to build plantshe UnitedSPassage 2Since the late 1970sindustries, manufacturershe face of a severe loss of market share in dozens ofhe United Ses have been trying to improve productivityand ther

15、efore enhance theirernational competitivenessthrough cost-cuttingprograms(Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant)However，from 1978 through 1982，productivity-thevalue of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input-did not improve；an

16、d while the results were betterhe businepturn of the three years following，they ran 25 percent lowern productivity improvements during earr，t-1945upturnsAt the same time it became cleart the harder manufactures worked toimplement cost-cutting，the more they lost their competitive edgeWith this parado

17、xind，I recently visited 25 companies；it became clear to met the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentallyflawedManufacturing regularly observes a“40，40，20”ruleRoughly 40 percent of any manufacturingbased competitive advantage derives from long-term changes inmanufacturing str

18、ucture(decis about the number，size，location，and capacity offacilities)and in approaches to materialsAnother 40 percent comes from majorchanges in equipment and pros technologyThe final 20 percent rests onimplementing conventional cost-cuttingThis rule does not implyt cost-cuttingshould not be triedT

19、he well-known tools of this approach-including simplifying jobs3and retraining employees to work smarter，norder-do produce resultsBut thetools quickly reach the limits of what they can contributeAnothroblem ist the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation anddiscourages creative peopleAs AbemathyS s

20、tudy of automobile manufacturers hasshown，an industry can easilye prisoner of its own investments in cost-cuttingtechniques，reducing its ability to develop new productsAnd managers underprere toize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they knowt morefundamental changes in proses or systems wi

21、ll wreak havoc with the results onwhich they are measuredProduction managers have always seen their job as one ofminimizing costs andizing outputThis dimenof performance has untilrecently sufficed as a basis of evaluation，but is creatednny-pinching，mechanistic cultureost factoriess kept away creativ

22、e managersEvery company I knows freed itself from the paradox has done so，inpart，by develoand implementing a manufacturing strategySuch a strategyfocuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and pros technologyInone company a manufacturing strategyt allowed different areas of the factory

23、tospelize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach；withinthree years the company regained its competitive advantageTogether with suchstrategiecsful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider setof objectives besides cutting costsThere is hope for manufact

24、uring，but it dearly restsa different wayof managing6The author of the passage is primarily concerned withAsummarizing a thesisBmending a different approachCcomparing pos of viewDmaking a series of predictions7It can be inferred from the passaget the manufacturers mentioned inparagraph 1 expectedt th

25、e measures they implemented wouldAencourage innovationBkeep labor outponstantCincrease their competitive advantageDpermit businepturns to be more easily predicted48The primary function of theparagraph of the passage is to Apresent a historical context for the authors observationsBipate challenges to

26、 the prescriptionst followCclarify some disputed definitions of economic termsDsummarize a number of long-accepted explanations9The author refers to Abernathys study most probably in order toAqualify all observation about one ruleerning manufacturingBaddresssible objections to amendation about impro

27、vingmanufacturing competitivenessCsupport an earr assertion about method of increasing productivityDsuggest the centralityindustryhe Unit Ses economy of a particular manufacturing10The authors attitude toward the cultureasost factories is best describedAcautiousBcriticalCdiserestedDrespectfulPassage

28、 3It can be arguedt much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategiesarises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a givenproductThere are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketingpros，there is the market segmentpeople who need the commodity inquest

29、ionSecond，there is the programpeoplehe market segment withthe“best fit”characteristics for a specific productLots of people may needtrousers，but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousersFinally，there is the program audienceall people who are actually exedto the marketin

30、g program without regard to whether they need or want the productThese three groups are rarely identicalAn exception Occurs in cases wherecustomers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiableSuchcustomers，all sharing a particular need，are likely to form a meaningful，forexa

31、mple，all companies wiparticular application of the product in question，suchas high-speed fillers of bottles at breweriesIn such circumstan，directselling(marketingt reaches only the program5)is likely to be economicallyjustified，and highly spelized trade media exist to exe members of the programand o

32、nly members of the programto the marketing programMost consumer-goods markets are significantly differentTypically，there aremany rathern few potential customersEach represents a relatively smallpercentage of potential salesRarely do members of a particular market segment groupthemselves neyo a meani

33、ngful programThere are substantial differenamong consumers with similar demographic characteristicsEven will the pastdecades advanin information technology，direct selling of consumer goods israre，and mass marketing-a marketing approacht aims at a wide audienceremains the only economically feasible m

34、odeUnfortunay，there are few mediatallow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the programInevitably，people get exed to a great deal of marketing for products inwhich they have noerest and SO theye annoyed11The passage suggests which of the following about highly spemedia?lized tr

35、adeAThey should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasibleBThey can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are notpart of the programCThey are used only for very expensive productsDThey are rarely usedindustrial products.he implemenion of marketing programs for12T

36、he passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?AIt is usedhe marketing of most industrial productsBIt is often used in cases where there is a large programCIt is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.DIt is used only for products for which there are many potential cu

37、stomers.13The author mentions“trousers”in paragraph 1 most likely in order to .Amake a comparison betn the programand the program audienceBemphasize the similarities betn the market segment and the program6Cprovide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by amarketing programDcl

38、arify the distinction betn the market segment and the program14“the product in question”in Line 4 Paragraph 2 means .A“the producthe previous question”B“the product under discus”C“the product on sale”D“the product in doubt”15It can be inferred from the passageconsumer-goods markets?t which of the fo

39、llowing is true for mostAThe programand the program audience are not usually identical.BThe program audience and the market segment are usually identical.CThe market segment and the programare usually identicalDThe programis largern the market segment.参考及PartReading Comprehen(30)Passage l1B 文章首先说到许多

40、公司正在对于进口竞争寻求法律保护，然后讲到由于受到全球化的影响，这种法律其实可见，the application of laws has un的保护了国外的进口企业，而非国内企业。由此ended consequen。2D 从文章第一段第二句可知 A 项是抱怨的其中一个根据，第三句可知 c 也是其中一个原因，文章第二段集中说明国内公司申请法律保护却受到进口的严重影响，这是抱怨的最主要的原因，所以 D 正确，而文章并没有提到大量提高进口产品的数量。3c 第二段讲由于全球化的影响，很多国内公司不能受到相关法律的保护，在进口公司面前失去竞争力。最后一段便举出特定的例子证实这一观点。74D 从第二段第一句话以及“ernationalization increases the dangert foreigncompanies will use import ref laws against the very companies the laws weredesigned to protect”可知，D 为正确选项。5A 文章最后一段提到investigated allegations。B 项Granting su