组织学和胚胎学_组培_英语词汇表_双语

1、 PAGE14 / NUMPAGES14 GlossaryEpithelial Tissue,epii:lil tiju上皮组织covering epithelium被覆上皮simple squamous epitheliumskweims单层扁平上皮endothelium,endui:lim内皮mesothelium,mesui:lim间皮simple cuboidal epitheliumkju:bidl单层立方上皮simple columnar epitheliumklmn单层柱状上皮pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium假复层纤毛柱状

2、上皮stratified squamous epitheliumstrtifaid复层扁平上皮transitional epithelium变移上皮cell coat细胞衣microvillus(microvilli),maikruvils微绒毛cilium(cilia)silim纤毛tight junction紧密连接intermediate junction中间连接desmosomedezmsum桥粒gap junction缝隙连接basement membrane基膜plasma membrane infoldingplzm质膜内褶hemidesmosome半桥粒Connective T

3、issue结缔组织connective tissue proper固有结缔组织loose connective tissue疏松结缔组织dense connective tissue致密结缔组织reticular tissueritikjul网状组织adipose tissuedipus脂肪组织fibroblastfaibrubl:st成纤维细胞macrophagemkrufeid巨噬细胞plasma cell浆细胞mast cell肥大细胞fat cell脂肪细胞ground substance基质collagenous fiberkldns胶原纤维elastic fiber弹性纤维reti

4、cular fiber网状纤维reticular cell网状细胞cartilagek:tilid软骨cartilage tissue软骨组织hyaline cartilagehailain透明软骨elastic cartilage弹性软骨fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage纤维软骨chondrocytekndrsait软骨细胞isogenous groupaisdins同源细胞群perichondrium,perikndrim软骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissuesis骨组织bone matrix骨质osteoprogenitor c

5、ell骨祖细胞osteoblaststiublst成骨细胞osteocytestisait骨细胞osteoclaststiuklst破骨细胞circumferential lamellalmel环骨板osteone骨单位Haversian system哈弗斯系统interstitial lamella间骨板periosteum,peri,stim骨外膜endosteumendstim骨内膜Blood 血液serum sirm血清blood plasma 血浆Wrights stain 瑞氏染色hemocyte hi:msait血细胞erythrocyte irirusait红细胞hemoglo

6、bin(Hb) ,hi:mulubin, ,hem- 血红蛋白reticulocyte ritikjulusait 网织红细胞leukocyte lju:kusait白细胞granulocyte rnjulusait 有粒白细胞agranulocyte eirnjulusait无粒白细胞azurophilic granules grnju:ls嗜天青颗粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) nju:trfil中性粒细胞eosinophil ,i:sinfil,-fail, -fil嗜酸性粒细胞basophil beisfil嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte m

7、nusait单核细胞lymphocyte limfusait 淋巴细胞blood platelet pleitlit血小板Muscle Tissue 肌组织muscle fiber 肌纤维sarcolemma ,s:kulem 肌膜sarcoplasm s:kplzm肌浆sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆网skeletal muscle skelitl 骨骼肌epimysium ,epimisim肌外膜perimysium,perimiim, -zim肌束膜endomysium ,endmizim肌内膜striated muscle straieitid横纹肌myofilame

8、nt ,maiufilmnt肌丝isotropic band ,aisutrpik I带anisotropic bandn,aisutrpik A带sarere s:kmi肌节myofibril ,maiufaibril 肌原纤维transverse tubule (T tubule) 横小管longitudinal tubule ,lnditju:dinl纵小管terminal cisternaet:minlsist:ni:终池triad traid, -d三联体cardiac muscle k:dik心肌intercalated disc 闰盘diad daid 二联体smooth mus

9、cle 平滑肌Nervous Tissue 神经组织nervous cell 神经细胞neuroglial cell 神经胶质细胞neuron njurn神经元somasum胞体neurite njurait突起dendritedendrait 树突axon ksn轴突Nissls body 尼氏体neurofibril ,njurufaibril 神经原纤维neurofilament ,nurfilmnt神经丝microtubule ,maikrutju:bju:l微管synapsesainps,突触axosomatic synapse 轴体突触axodendrite synapse 轴树突

10、触chemical synapse 化学性突触presynaptic element ,pri:sinptik突触前成分synaptic vesicle vesikl 突触小泡synaptic cleft 突触间隙postsynaptic element 突触后成分glial cell lail胶质细胞astrocyte strsait星形胶质细胞oligodendrocyte liudendrsait少突胶质细胞microglia maikrlai 小胶质细胞ependymal cell epend,meri 室管膜细胞Schwanns cell 施万细胞neurilemmal cell ,

11、njurlmtik神经膜细胞satellite cell stlait卫星细胞nerve fiber 神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber mailineitid,有髓神经纤维unmyelinated nerve fiber 无髓神经纤维central axon ksn轴索myelin sheath 髓鞘neurilemma 神经膜Ranviers node 郎飞结internode intnud 结间体nerve 神经epineurium ,epinjurim 神经外膜perineurium ,pernju:rim神经束膜endoneurium ,pernju:rim神经内膜

12、sensory nerve ending 感觉神经末梢free nerve ending 游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve ending inkpsleitid 被囊神经末梢tactiletktail corpuscle k:psl 触觉小体lameller corpuscle k:psl环层小体muscle spindle spindl肌梭motor nerve ending 运动神经末梢somaticsumtik motor nerve ending 躯体运动神经末梢visceral visrlmotor nerve ending 内脏运动神经末梢motor end pla

13、te 运动终板Circulatory System循环系统Cardiovascular system ,k:diuvskjul心血管系统 heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium,enduk:dim心内膜endothelium,endui:lim内皮subendothelial layerlei内皮下层subendocardial layer心内膜下层Purkinje fibers浦肯野纤维 myocardium,maiuk:dim心肌膜epicardium,epik:dim心外膜 artery:tri动脉medium-sized artery 中动脉muscular

14、 artery肌性动脉tunica intimatju:nikintim内膜 internal elastic membrane内弹性膜 tunica media中膜 tunica adventitia,dventii外膜external elastic membrane外弹性膜large artery大动脉elastic artery弹性动脉small artery小动脉arteriole:tiriu微动脉capillarykpilri, kpi-毛细血管continuous capillary连续性毛细血管fenestratedfinestreitid capillary有孔毛细血管 di

15、scontinuous sinusoidal,sinsidl capillary不连续毛细血管blood sinusoid血窦 veinvein静脉lymphatic ,limftik system 淋巴系统lymphatic capillary毛细淋巴管 lymphatic vesselvesl淋巴管 lymphatic trunks淋巴干 lymphatic ducts淋巴导管Immune imju:n System免疫系统lymphoid limfid organ淋巴器官central lymphoid organ中枢淋巴器官peripheralprifrl lymphoid organ

16、周围淋巴器官lymphatic tissue淋巴组织diffuse lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织 lymphoid nodulendju:l, -du:l淋巴小结immune cell 免疫细胞thymusaims胸腺capsulekpsju:l被膜interlobular septum小叶间隔thymocyteaimsait胸腺细胞epithelial reticular cell上皮网状细胞thymic epithelial cell胸腺上皮细胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小体lymphoid node淋巴结trabecula小梁cortical sinussains

17、皮质淋巴窦subcapsular sinus被膜下淋巴窦peritrabecular sinus小梁周窦superficial ,sju:pfilcortexk:teks浅层皮质paracortex zoneprk:teks副皮质区thymus dependent area胸腺依赖区medullary cordmedlri髓索medullary sinus髓窦spleen脾white pulpplp白髓periarterial lymphatic sheath动脉周围淋巴鞘central artery中央动脉splenic corpusclek:psl脾小结red pulp红髓splenic

18、cord脾索splenic sinus脾窦marginal zonem:dinl边缘区 palatinepltain tonsiltnsil腭扁桃体mononuclear,mnunju:kli phagocytic ,fsitiksystem单核吞噬细胞系统Digestive System消化系统digestivedidestiv tract消化管mucosamju:kus粘膜lamina propria固有层muscularis mucosa粘膜肌层submucosa粘膜下层muscularis肌层adventitia,dventii外膜tonguet舌lingual liwl papill

19、appil舌乳头filiform papilla丝状乳头fungiformfilif:m papilla菌状乳头circumvallate ,s:kmvleit papilla轮廓乳头esophagusi:sfs食管stomach胃fundic fndikgland胃底腺chief cell主细胞zymogen cellzaimudn胃酶细胞parietal cellpraiitl壁细胞oxynticksintik cell泌酸细胞mucous mju:ksneck cell颈粘液细胞small intestineintestin小肠plicae plaikcircularis环行皱襞abso

20、rptive bs:ptivcell吸收细胞striated border纹状缘goblet cell杯状细胞endocrine cellendukrain,内分泌细胞small intestinal gland小肠腺Paneth cell潘氏细胞undifferentiated cell未分化细胞intestinal vilus肠绒毛large intestine大肠digestive gland消化腺pancreaspnkris胰exocrine portionekskrain外分泌部pancreas isletailit胰岛glucagon lu:kn胰高血糖素insulininsjul

21、in胰岛素somatostatin,sumtsttin,生长抑素liverliv肝hepatic hiptiklobule/liver lobule/lbju:l/肝小叶hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyteheptsait,肝细胞Kupffer cell库普弗细胞hepatic sinusoidsainsid肝血窦Disse space狄氏间隙perisinusoidal space窦周隙bile bailcanaliculus,knlikjuls胆小管portal canal area门管区interlobular vei

22、n小叶间静脉interlobular artery小叶间动脉interlobular bile duct小叶间胆管Respiratory resprtri,System呼吸系统tracheatrki:, treiki气管lungl肺conducting portion导气部lobar bronchusbrks叶支气管small bronchus小支气管bronchiolebrkiul细支气管terminal t:minlbronchiole终末细支气管respiratoryresprtri, portion呼吸部respiratory bronchiole呼吸性细支气管alveolar lvi

23、l duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary, plmnriacinussins肺泡alveolar epithelium肺泡上皮type alveolar cell型肺泡细胞type alveolar cell型肺泡细胞surfactants:fktnt表面活性物质alveolar septumseptm肺泡隔alveolar pore肺泡孔pulmonary macrophage肺巨噬细胞dust cell尘细胞blood-air barrier血气屏障respiratory membrane呼吸膜Urinaryjurinri System 泌尿系统kidney ki

24、dni肾renalri:nl cortexk:teks肾皮质renal medulla medl肾髓质cortical labyrinth lbrin皮质迷路medullary ray 髓放线uriniferous tubule 泌尿小管nephron nefrn肾单位renal corpuscle 肾小体vascularvskjul pole 血管极urinary pole 尿极renal glomerulus lmerjuls肾小球mesangium mesndim血管系膜mesangial cell 系膜细胞mesangial matrixmeitriks系膜基质renal capsul

25、e kpsju:l肾小囊parietal layer praiitl壁层visceral layer visrl脏层capsular space 肾小囊腔podocyte pdsait足细胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtrationfiltrein membrane 滤过膜filtration barrier 滤过屏障renal tubule 肾小管proximalprksiml tubule 近端小管thin segment semnt细段distal tubule distl远端小管pars convolute knv,lu:t曲部pars recta rekt直部proxim

26、al convoluted tubule 近曲小管brush border 刷状缘lateral process 侧突basal striation 基底纵纹distal convoluted tubule 远曲小管collection tubule 集合管juxtaglomerular ,dkstlmerjul plex 球旁复合体juxtaglomerular apparatus ,preits肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell 球旁细胞renin ri:nin, re-肾素macula mkjul densa 致密斑extraglomerular mesangial ce

27、ll 球外系膜细胞Skin皮肤epidermis,epid:mis表皮dermisd:mis真皮stratumstreitm, basale基底层stratum spinosum棘层stratum granulosum颗粒层stratum lucidum透明层stratum corneumk:nim角质层melanocytemelnusait黑素细胞Langerhans cell朗格汉斯细胞papillaryppilri layer乳头层reticular layer网织层hypodermis,haipud:mis皮下组织Eye 眼eyeball 眼球fibrous tunic tju:nik

28、纤维膜vascular tunic vskjul血管膜retina retin视网膜corneak:ni角膜corneal epithelium 角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina 前界层corneal stromastrum角膜基质posterior limiting lamina 后界层corneal endothelium 角膜内皮layers of retina 视网膜的分层pigmentpimnt epithelium layer 色素上皮层layer of rods and cones 视杆视锥层layer of bipolar baipul cell 双极细

29、胞层layer of ganglion cell lin节细胞层pigment epithelial cell 色素上皮细胞visual cell vizjul视细胞photoreceptor cell ,futurisept感光细胞rod cell 视杆细胞cone cell kun视锥细胞bipolar cell baipul双极细胞ganglion cell 节细胞Endocrine Systemendukrain, -krin内分泌系统endocrine gland内分泌腺nitrogen-naitrdncontainine hormone h:muncell含氮激素细胞steroid

30、 secretory sikri:tri cell类固醇分泌细胞thyroid glandairid甲状腺thyroid hormone甲状腺激素follicular flikjul epithelial cell滤泡上皮细胞thyroglobulin,airulbjuliiodination,aiudinein碘化的甲状腺球蛋白colloidklid胶体thyroxineairksi:n, -sin甲状腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲状腺原氨酸tetraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲状腺原氨酸parafollicular cell滤泡旁细胞calcitonin,k

31、lsitunin降钙素parathyroid,prairid甲状旁腺chief cell主细胞parathyroid hormone甲状旁腺激素oxyphil cell嗜酸性细胞adrenaldri:nl gland肾上腺 zona glomerulosa球状带mineralocorticoid,minrluk:tikid盐皮质激素aldosterone,ldusterun醛固酮zona fasiculata束状带Glucocorticoid,lu:kuk:tikid糖皮质激素corticosterone,k:tikstrun皮质酮zona reticularis网状带chromaffin k

32、rumfincell嗜铬细胞adrenalinedrenlinepinephrine,epinefrin肾上腺素norepinephrine/noradrenaline去甲肾上腺素pituitary gland pitju:itri垂体basophilic cell,beisfilik嗜碱性细胞thyrotroph促甲状腺激素细胞thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin促甲状腺激素adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph促肾上腺皮质激素细胞adrenocorticotropindri:nu,k:tiku

33、trpin促肾上腺皮质激素gonadotroph促性腺激素细胞 adenohypophysis,dnuhaipfisis腺垂体pars distalis 远侧部acidophilic cell,sidufilik嗜酸性细胞 somatotroph sumttruf生长激素细胞somatotropin/growth hormone(GH)生长激素mammotroph/prolactin cell促乳激素细胞mammotropin,mmutrupin促乳激素 follicleflikl stimulatingstimjuleiti hormone(FSH)卵泡刺激素luteinizinglu:ti

34、inaiz hormone(LH)h:mun黄体生成素interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH)间质细胞刺激素chromophobe cell嫌色细胞pars intermedia中间部melanotroph促黑素激素细胞melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)黑素细胞刺激素pars tuberalis 结节部neurohypophysis,njuruhaipfisis神经垂体 pars nervosa神经部pituicytepitju:isait垂体细胞Herrings body赫林体hypothalamus,haip

35、ulms下丘脑supraoptic nucleus,sju:prptik视上核paraaventricular nucleus室旁核vasopressin(VP),veizupresin加压素antidiuretic hormone(ADH)nti,daijuretik抗利尿激素oxytocin(OT),ksitusin, -t-催产素 infundibulum,infndibjulm漏斗 Male Reproductive System ,ri:prdktiv男性生殖系统testis testis睾丸seminiferous tubule ,seminifrs生精小管interstitial

36、 tissue 间质spermatogenic epithelium ,sp:mtudenik,生精上皮spermatogenic cell 生精细胞spermatogonium ,sp:mtuunim,精原细胞primar spermatocyte sp:mtusait, 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞spermatid sp:mtid精子细胞spermatozoon,sp:mtuzun精子sustentacular cell ,sstentkjul,支持细胞interstitial cell 间质细胞androgen 雄激素Female Reprod

37、uctive System 女性生殖系统ovary uvri卵巢superficial epithelium 表面上皮ovarian cortex k:teks 卵巢皮质ovarian medulla medl 卵巢髓质hilus cell hails 门细胞follicle flikl卵泡primordial follicle praim:djl 原始卵泡primary cocyte 初级卵母细胞oogonium ,uunim卵原细胞follicular cell flikjul 卵泡细胞primary follicle 初级卵泡zona pellucida 透明带corona krunradiata reidi,eit