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1、有效管理城市空气质量：培训、设备、人力资源的需求Overview of Capacity Building Requirements for Effective AQM in Cities: Training, Equipment, Human Resource傅立新 Fu, Lixin清华大学环境科学与工程系, Tsinghua University提纲 Outline才干建立的现状 Current Status目前的重点 Focus存在的问题 Problems需求 Needs如何做-想象? How to?才干建立的现状 Current Status城市大致可分3类 Cities group

2、ed in 3 categiry兴隆城市约10个 Developed (about 10)普通城市大多数 Conventional 欠兴隆城市约20个behind (about 20)兴隆城市在设备方面较先进Developed cities are relatively advanced in terms of equipment才干建立的现状 Current Status培训活动较多、人力资源较好There are many training activities, human resource are abundant国际协作世行、亚行等与自主工程A lot of internationa

3、l projects (such as WB, ADB), together with self-funded projects才干建立的现状 Current Status普通城市有根本的设备、效益发扬不充分Conventional cities do have basic equipment, but their benefit are not fully realized培训活动有，但不够满足需求There are training activities, but not good enough to meet the needs才干建立的现状 Current Status人力资源仍不能满

4、足Human resources are not sufficient国际协作有一些Participated in some international cooperation activities 自主工程很少Few self-funded research projects on AQM才干建立的现状 Current Status欠兴隆城市的设备和根底设备不够Equipment and infrastructure in behind cities are far from sufficient培训活动很少Few training activities related to AQM人力资源

5、缺乏Human resources are dearly lacked才干建立的现状 Current Status国际协作较少Few international cooperation activities自主工程根本没有Almost no self-funded projects2. 目前的重点 Focus空气质量监测站的监测设备Air quality monitoring instruments 大多数城市有几个自动监测站Most cities have several automated ambient air quality monitoring station少数工程涉及到污染源监控

6、设备Less projects cover monitoring equipment for emission sources2. 目前的重点 Focus培训活动主要从属于硬件工程Most training activities are attached /associated with investment projects部分技援工程培训了技术人员Some technical assistance projects cultivated a local technical team3. 存在的问题 Problems兴隆城市主要是管理机制问题Major problem in develope

7、d cities are of management mechanism如何提高环保部门的权威？How to raise the power of Environmental Agency over parallel departments? 改良环保部门的决策才干Improve the decision-making capacity of EPB3. 存在的问题 Problems资源配置优化问题：Resources allocation optimization:信息共享与公共效力Information sharing and public service培训应该培训的人Train tho

8、se should be trained设备与人力资源配置优化Equipment and human resources integration3. 存在的问题 Problems政府管理人员换岗频繁Government officials keep changing frequently普通城市缺乏污染源监控设备Conventional cities lack of monitoring equipment for emission sources交通微环境空气质量根本无监测No monitoring of curbside air quality3. 存在的问题 Problems研讨型的设备

9、缺乏Lack of equipment for research purpose针对性强的培训活动不够Less training with the right focus缺乏支持决策的工程Lack of project to support decision-making on AQM3. 存在的问题 Problems欠兴隆城市主要问题在经济根底For behind cities major problem is economy环境认识弱也是一个问题Environmental awareness is rather weak可继续开展认识不够Few recognition of the sig

10、nificance of sustainable development4. 需求 Needs设备方面：For equipment:挪动式研讨型空气质量监测设备Mobile air quality monitoring equipment挪动式污染源监控设备Mobile equipment for emission source monitoring培训方面：For training:对媒体/NGO的培训 Media /NGO training4. 需求 Needs重要决策人员/决策机制的培训Decision-makers/process training公众参与及公共信息培训Public p

11、articipation and out-reaching技术人员针对性培训Technical training for specific topic人力资源方面：For human resources强化和整合国家层面的专家队伍Enhance and integrate national experts team4. 需求 Needs在普通城市更多引入国际专家Introduce more international experts for conventional cities建立机制关联地方政府与国家/国际专家库Build up links between localities and n

12、ational /international experts team4. 需求 Needs建立地方专家队伍Cultivate local experts team输出专家与信息到欠兴隆城市Inputting expertise /information to the behind cities5. 如何做？ How to?建立城市空气质量协作网Establish an AQM cooperation network among Chinese cities会员制/保证信息的正确性Membership /Correctness must guaranteed 由城市管理人员主导Driving

13、by the city AQM people5. 如何做？ How to?兴隆城市 For developed cities与媒体协作 Involve the media开展公共信息与公众参与的培训Information dissemination and public training建立信息分享渠道 Information sharing支持长期的公共信息效力Long-term public information service5. 如何做？ How to?普通城市：Conventional cities:开展主题技术培训：城市空气质量管理Topic of training: Urban Air Quality Management进展现范工程：空气质量控制规划Pilot project: Air quality control planning进展现范工程：固定源/挪动源控制方案Pilot project: Stationary /mobile s