张汉熙高级英语教（学）案第一册

1、99/100高级英语教案 “ADVANCED ENGLISH” TEACHING NOTESFOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT课程名称：高级英语 教学对象：英语本科三、四年级学生教学内容：ADVANCED ENGLISH (Book One & Book Two)教学重点： 1. 文化背景知识；对课文的理解；语法的难点；作者的写作特点；词汇；有关英语修辞手法。2. 语言基本功的训练（听，说，读，写，译） 3. 培养学生进行语言教学的基本技能每周学时：4节（每班）考试方式：形成性评价与终结性评价相结合教学方法：General Methodology, Lecture, Re

2、ports, Discussion, Demonstration, Learner-based Teaching.教学目的：1. To improve students four language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. 2. To cultivate students basic skills in English language teaching.3. To acquire a certain degree of skill in analyzing the structures of each text.4.

3、To understand the difficult language points in each lesson.5. To improve students ability in oral presentation and demonstration.6. To develop an appreciation of the English language and its importance as our linguistic bridge to the rest of the world.7. To arouse the desire to improve ones own spee

4、ch habits for better communication in view of the fact that students are preparing to be English language teachers.教学基本要求：1、提高独立工作能力，学会查找有关参考书，会自己动手写注释、做笔记。 2、培养分析、欣赏写作技巧的能力。 3、掌握基本的英语修辞手段的使用技巧。 4、准确掌握课文内容，学会分析课文的写作技巧，并能将其应用于写作。 5、培养语篇分析能力，学会词语释义，即用英语解释英语短语或句型转换。 6、 逐步培养对语言与文化之间的关系的敏感性。 7、学习、巩固构词法、区

5、分同义词的差别，更好地掌握词义。 课程基本内容和学时分配： 第一学期： 本学期的教学内容：张汉熙主编的高级英语第一册的1至8单元，共72学时。 教学安排：本学期共需学习8个单元，平均每个单元约需9课时。其中背景知识介绍、 相关文化知识介绍与文章结构概述约需1学时，课文讲解约需5学时，课后练习约需3学时。 教学要求：要求学生课前对每个单元的相关文化背景知识作必要的了解，预习课文；练习用英语对词语、句子进行释义；认识和辨别课文中出现的各种修辞手法；了解英语中各种文体的作用和特点；在老师指导下分析、欣赏文章的写作技巧、文章的结构、语言特点；学会查找参考书，并自己动手写注释、做笔记等。 Unit 1:

6、 The Middle Eastern BazaarI. Additional Background Knowledge 1. Middle Eastern Countries 2. Architecture of Gothic Style II. Introduction to the Passage 1.Type of literature: a piece of objective description 2.The purpose of a piece of objective description: to record and reproduce a true picture wi

7、th opinions and emotions of the author excluded 3. Ways of developing a piece of objective description: to begin with a brief general picture, divide the object into parts and organize the detailed description in order of spaceIII. Effective Writing Skills 1. making effective use of specific verbs 2

8、. using adjectives accurately 3. using five human senseshearing, smelling, seeing, tasting and touching to make the description vivid4.using rhetorical devices properlyIV. Rhetorical Devices 1. simile 2. metaphor 3. assonance 4. onomatopoeia V. Special Difficulties1. paraphrasing some sentences 2. t

9、ranslating some paragraphs 3. identifying figures of speechVI. Questions 1.What is a bazaar? Can you name some of the Middle Eastern countries in which such bazaars are likely to be found? 2.Name all the markets in the bazaar. What kind of economy do you think they represent? Give facts to support y

10、our view. 3.What scene do you find most picturesque in the bazaar? Why? Unit 2: Hiroshima“the Liveliest” City in Japan by Jacques DanvoirI. Additional Background Knowledge 1. The City of Hiroshima 2. The first dropping of an atomic bomb“Little Boy”II. Introduction to the Passage 1. Type of literatur

11、e: a piece of radio report 2. The purpose of a piece of radio report: to inform the auditors of the truth 3. Some characteristics of radio report: authenticity and objectivity III. Effective Writing Skills 1. accurately recording the dialogues with some Japanese to reinforce the authenticity of the

12、report 3. carefully observing and describing details to reinforce the authenticity of the report 3. vivid and humorous description to make the report interesting IV. Rhetorical Devices 1. metaphor 2. anti-climax V. Special Difficulties 1. reading between the lines 2. paraphrasing some sentences VI.

13、Questions 1. What was the writers attitude towards Hiroshima? 2. Was Hiroshima in any way different from other Japanese cities? 3. Even in this short description one may find some of the problems of Japan, or at least, of Hiroshima. Can you say what they are? 4. How do the Japanese themselves look a

14、t Hiroshima? Why? VII. Detailed Teaching Notes:Hiroshima-the Liveliest CityIn Japan1. The Map of JapanHiroshimaHiroshima, city on southwestern Honsh Island, Japan, capital of HiroshimaPrefecture, at the head of HiroshimaBay. The city was founded in 1594 on six islands in the taRiver delta. Hiroshima

15、 grew rapidly as a castle town and commercial city, and after 1868 it was developed as a military center. On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-1945), the first atomic bomb to be used against an enemy position was dropped on the city by the United States Army Air Forces (see Nuclear Weapons).

16、 According to U.S. estimates 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or missing as a result of the bomb and many more were made homeless. (In 1940 the population of Hiroshima had been 343,698.) The blast also destroyed more than 10 sq km (4 sq mi) of the city, completely destroying 68 percent of Hiroshi

17、mas buildings; another 24 percent were damaged. Every August 6 since 1947, thousands participate in interfaith services in the PeaceMemorial Park built on the site where the bomb exploded. In 1949 the Japanese dedicated Hiroshima as an international shrine of peace. After the war, the city was large

18、ly rebuilt, and commercial activities were resumed. Machinery, automobiles, food processing, and the brewing of sake are the main industries. The surrounding area, although mountainous, has fertile valleys where silk, rice, and wheat are produced. Population (1990) 1,085,705. 2. The Bombing of Hiros

19、himaOn August 6, 1945, during World War II, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city and military center. An estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or reported missing, and thousands more were made homeless. Sixteen hours after the attack, U.S. President H

20、arry S. Trumans report of the event was broadcast to radio listeners.The explosion produces great amounts of heat, a shock wave and intense radiation. The region of the explosion becomes radioactively contaminated and radioactive products may be deposited elsewhere as fallout.At 8:15 a.m. on August

21、6, 1945, by order of President Truman, the first Atomic bomb, nicknamed Little Boy was exploded over a point near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost everything with a radius of 830-1,450 meters. The damage beyond this area was considerable, and over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many

22、more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Casualties numbered nearly 130,000. Survivors are still dying of leukaemia, pernicious anaemia and other diseases induced by radiation. Almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged. The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima

23、to peace. A destroyed area named PeaceCity has been set aside as a memorial. A peacePark was build. A special hospital built here treats people suffering from exposure to radiation and conducts research into its effects.3. Rhetorictenor (subject): the concept, object, or person meant in a metaphorve

24、hicle (reference): a medium through which something is expressed, achieved, or displayedSimile: A simile makes a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The two things compared must be dissimilar and the basis of resemblance is usually an abstrac

25、t quality. The vehicle is almost always introduced by the word like or as.Self-criticism is as necessary to us as air or water.The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephants skin.My very thoughts were like the ghostly rustle of dead leaves.The bus went as slowly as a snail.Her eyes were jet black

26、, and her hair was like a waterfall.The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspect exists only in our minds, and not in the nature of the things themselves.As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country

27、. Metaphor is considered the most important and basic poetic figure and also the commonest the most beautiful. Snow clothes the ground.The town was stormed after a long siege.Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, were moving jewels.I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came

28、 to an end.I was again crushed by the thought.when the meaning . sank in, jolting me.Metonymy(借代、换喻) She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.He took to the bottle.little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers .struggle between kimono and the

29、miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactMetonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of personsUncle Sam: the USAb. Animalsthe bear: the Soviet Unionthe dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)c. Parts of the bodyheart: feelings and emotionshead, brain:

30、wisdom, intelligence, reasongrey hair: old aged. Profession: the press: newspapers, reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar: the legal professione. location of government, business etc.Downing Street: the British Governmentthe White House: the US president and his

31、 governmentthe Capital Hill: US CongressWall Street: US financial circlesHollywood: American filmmaking industryEuphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasant. e.g:He was sentenced to prisonHe is now living at the governments e

32、xpenses.The boy is a bit slow for his age.to go to heavendeadto go to the bathroom, do ones business, answer the natures call, put an end to my life.Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.Irony:Hiroshimathe Liveliest City in Japanthe good fortune that my illness has brought m

33、eAnti-Climax:a town known throughout the world for itsoystersAlliteration:slip to a stoptested and treatedRhetorical QuestionWas I not at the scene of the crime?4. Detailed Study of the Text:1. slip: to move slidingly, smoothly, secretly or unnoticed. it carries a stronger implication of a frictionl

34、ess than slide.2. lump: a mass of sth. solid without a special size of shapea lump of lead, sugarBlack coffee, 2 lumps, please!a hard swelling on the bodyShe was afraid when she felt a lump in her left breastto have a lump in ones throat:to have a tight feeling in the throat because strong emotion,

35、such as sorrow or gratitude, to have ones throat choked, to have a feeling of pressure, being unable to breath, a tight sensation in the throat caused by unexpressed pity, sorrow, excitement, etc.All during her husbands funeral, she had .Johns mother had a . at his college graduation.The strong sens

36、ation of excitement and sorrow made me unable to breathe or to speak as if my throat was choked, as if my throat got blocked by sth. solid.3. on my mind: troubling ones thoughts, causing anxiety, unhappiness. When you have sth on your mind, you cant get rid of it, you are completely preoccupied, and

37、 obsessed. His failure weighs heavily on him mind.He has got too much on his mind to worry about your problem.I am glad you want to talk about this. Its been on my mind for weeks.cf:in ones mind: think about, think ofI think I know whats in your mind.Her mother was always in her mind.4. the very act

38、 of stepping on this soil:act and action:Action refers primarily to the process of acting; act to the result, the things done. An action is usually regarded as occupying some time and involving more than one step; an act is more frequently thought of as momentary of instantaneous and as individual.T

39、he rescue of a shipwrecked crew is a heroic action while the launching of the lifeboat, a brave act.a course of actionon this soil: on this land, on this earth, groundThe word SOIL conveys a strong emotion, it is an emotive word.A person in exile comes back to his motherland, he kneels down to kiss

40、the soil.Here is suggests the emotion of the author. He thinks his country is responsible for the A-bomb destruction. He is preoccupied. He has the feeling of atoning (making repayment) for the crime.5. adventure: a journey that is strange and exciting and often dangerous, sth. you do or a situation

41、 you become involved in that is rather unusual, exciting and dangerous. From the text itself one can clearly see that the meaning is “trip” since it is followed by this word. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn6. reportorial: (not in Longman or ALD)belonging to, of, about a reporter. the

42、adj. form of reporter7. crime: an offence which is punishable by lawHere: an immoral act8. appearAppear, Look, and Seem can mean to be as stated in ones view or judgement, but not necessarily in fact.Seem suggests an opinion based on subjective impression rather than objective signs.He seems tired.

43、My other visits to Beijing were twenty years ago. How would it seem after such a long time?Look implies that the opinion is based on a general visual impression.His lips looked unnatural.He looks nervous.Appear suggests a distorted impression, such as can be produced by a restricted point of view.Hi

44、s tongue could make the worse appear the better reason.He appeared not to have heard what had been said about him.He appears / seems / looks to be / like an honest man.9. preoccupy: to fill the thoughts or hold the interest of, to fill ones mind completely so that not enough attention is given to ot

45、her present mattersWhen he is preoccupied with his hobby, he has no idea of what is going on around him.I was too preoccupied to hear the bell.He had a preoccupied look on his face, as if sth. was troubling him.preoccupation: extreme concern for sth.Reading is his main preoccupation.It seemed to me

46、that the Japanese did not have the same extreme concern which is bothering me.I was totally absorbed in the consideration of the crime, but the Japanese did not appear to be so.My mind was completely filled with sad thoughts .10. rub shoulders with: to meet and mix with (people)This is not the sort

47、of club where the great rub shoulders with the humble.A person in my position rubs shoulders with all kinds of people.In our class, people of all trades (porter, carpenter, coppersmith, etc.) rubber shoulders with each other. 11. oblivious: be unaware of, not noticing, unconscious of, lacking mindfu

48、l attentionTheir government is oblivious of the rights of the governed.I am oblivious of my former failure.I was so preoccupied with the book that I was oblivious of the surroundings.I was so preoccupied with the beautiful woman I met on the bus that I was oblivious of the pickpocket beside me / of

49、what the conductress was yelling when the bus came to a stop.12. bob: to move up and down quickly and repeatedlyThe cork on the fishing line bobbed up and down on the water.13. rite: form of behaviour with a fixed pattern. A rite is a series of words and actions which as a fixed order and which is u

50、sed for a special religious purpose.I dont know much about the rites of that church.Secret society has their special rites.ceremonial / burial / funeral rites the rites of hospitalitythe marriage rite of the churchRitual actions are always done in exactly the same way whenever a particular situation

51、 arises, (a slightly humorous use).On Sunday we make our ritual visit to the pub at lunchtime.14. formula: an expression which is often used in a particular situation, esp. one that has come to sound stupid and meaninglessThey exchange the set of conventionally / customarily fixed pattern of daily g

52、reetings.15. facade: front or face of a building towards a street or open place16. grin: broad smile that shows the teeth, it intends to imply naive cheerfulness17. rear-view mirror: a mirror (as in an automobile) that gives a view of the area behind the vehicle18. martyr: person who is put to death

53、 or caused to suffer for his beliefs or for the sake of a great cause or principlea martyr to a cause / love (殉情) / duty (殉职)Eternal life to the revolutionary martyrs! (革命英雄永垂不朽)v.: to put to death, cause to suffer, to torture, out of cruelty19. lurch: to move with irregular sudden movements, to mov

54、e unsteadily, clumsily, with heavy rolling and swaying back and forth20. in response to: as an answer toIn response to your inquiries, we regret to inform you that we cannot help you in this matter.Twice I put the request to him but he said nothing in response.21. twist: to wind a number of threads,

55、 etc. togetherto make a rope by twisting threadsto twist the hair to make it curlto turn, to change direction abruptlyto twist the cap of a tube of tooth pasteHe twisted my arm.Give the handle a twist, that will open the box.22. screech: make a harsh, piercing sound, to make a sharp, high-pitched no

56、ise23. halt: to stop or pause, mainly used in the phrase come to a halt24. ignorance: lack of knowledgePlease forgive our ignorance.Poverty, disease and ignorance remain major world problems.We are in complete ignorance of his plan.ignorant: To be ignorant of sth. is not to know it. He is quite igno

57、rant of Latin.She was ignorant of his presence.cf: disregard: to treat as not worthy of noticeHe disregarded Tom , and spoke straight to me.We disregarded the go ssip and rumours.neglect: to give no or too little attention or care toYou are neglecting your work / duty.There is a factor which we must

58、 certainly not neglect.neglect: fail to do sth. because of carelessnessHe neglected to return the book to the library.Dont neglect to lock (locking) the door when you leave.To ignore sth. is to pretend not to know or see it.She saw him coming but ignored him.It is not a question that can be ignored.

59、Of these three words, ignore is the strongest and neglect is the weakestIt is a point of honor with the taxi driver to take the passenger to whichever destination he wants to go. 25. intermezzo: short musical composition to be played between the acts of a drama or an opera, or one that connects the

60、main divisions of a large musical work such as a symphony. This word is used very lighted-hearted here26. I found myself in front of the gigantic city hall.cf: I got to the front of.The first sentence indicates suddenness, unconsciousness. I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the city hall.g